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Found 6327 publications

Antioxidant and polyphenol content of different milk and dairy products

E. Lakatos V. Kapcsándi Székelyhidi Rita Beatrix Sik Henrietta Buzás Fanni Daróczi

Publication Name: Journal of King Saud University Science

Publication Date: 2023-10-01

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The aim of the present study was to determine the antioxidant capacity and total polyphenol content of raw milk, dairy products (ricotta and cottage cheese), and by-products (sweet and acid whey) from different animal breeds (cow, goat). Overall, the total polyphenol content of raw milk ranged from 420.34 to 490.72 mg GAE/100 mL, while the total antioxidant content changed between 8.95 and 28.72 mg AAE/100 mL. These values in the case of cottage cheeses were 32.29–124.29 mg GAE/100 mL for polyphenols and 14.12–16.38 mg AAE/100 g for antioxidants. Significant differences were observed between the total polyphenol content and antioxidant properties of sweet- (10.85–197.55 mg AAE/100 g antioxidant; 32.29–124.29 mg GAE/100 g polyphenol) and acid whey (13.28–158.69 mg AAE/100 g antioxidant; 43.50–98.03 mg GAE/100 g polyphenol). In addition, slight differences in total polyphenol content (10.55–19.01 mg GAE/100 g) and antioxidant capacity (10.84–15.93 mg AAE/100 g) were observed for ricotta cheeses made from milk of different animal breeds. The results show that milk and dairy products are excellent sources of antioxidants and polyphenols.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2023.102839

Evolution of the Road Network Topology of Central European Housing Estates

Csaba Koren Attila Borsos Pál Hegyi

Publication Name: Infrastructures

Publication Date: 2023-10-01

Volume: 8

Issue: 10

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The analysis of road network topology has attracted the attention of researchers in the past few decades. In this study, the road topology of housing estates in a few selected Central European countries (Hungary, Austria, Czech Republic, and Slovakia) was analysed. This research was carried out in three steps: (1) the road network topology of different decades from the 1950s to the 1980s was described, (2) the ratio of intersections and dead-ends was investigated, and (3) the connectivity indices were analysed and compared. The research was carried out using ESRI ArcGIS software. The results show that the design of road networks built in different countries is similar in the housing estates studied. When analysing the road networks over time, significant differences could be found in the case of Hungary for housing estates built after the 1960s. In general, connectivity has become more important, as it has gradually increased over time.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures8100142

Classification-based deep neural network vs mixture density network models for insulin sensitivity prediction problem

B. Benyo J. Geoffrey Chase Bálint Szabó K. Kovacs Ákos Szlávecz Béla Paláncz

Publication Name: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine

Publication Date: 2023-10-01

Volume: 240

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Model-based glycemic control (GC) protocols are used to treat stress-induced hyperglycaemia in intensive care units (ICUs). The STAR (Stochastic-TARgeted) glycemic control protocol – used in clinical practice in several ICUs in New Zealand, Hungary, Belgium, and Malaysia – is a model-based GC protocol using a patient-specific, model-based insulin sensitivity to describe the patient's actual state. Two neural network based methods are defined in this study to predict the patient's insulin sensitivity parameter: a classification deep neural network and a Mixture Density Network based method. Treatment data from three different patient cohorts are used to train the network models. Accuracy of neural network predictions are compared with the current model- based predictions used to guide care. The prediction accuracy was found to be the same or better than the reference. The authors suggest that these methods may be a promising alternative in model-based clinical treatment for patient state prediction. Still, more research is needed to validate these findings, including in-silico simulations and clinical validation trials.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107633

Crystallinity and Oscillatory Shear Rheology of Polyethylene Blends

Zoltán Weltsch Dorottya Nagy

Publication Name: Materials

Publication Date: 2023-10-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 19

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Crystallinity and rheological behavior are significant for processing semi-crystalline polymers with fine mechanical properties. There is always an economical need to create a less expensive new material with better properties. Non-isothermal crystallization and oscillatory shear rheology of different branch-type polyethylene–polyethylene blends were investigated. Samples of high-density and low-density polyethylene (HDPE/LDPE) (20/80, 40/60, 60/40 and 80/20 weight ratios) and two types of high-density and linear low-density polyethylene (HDPE/LLDPE) (40/60 and 60/40 weight ratios) were prepared via extrusion. The materials were tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at several cooling rates (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40°/min) and by oscillation rheometry (ARES G2) at low angular frequency range to prove their miscibility or immiscibility. It was found that the one-peak melting endotherm of the 80–20% HDPE-LDPE blend could indicate miscibility in the solid phase, while the other HDPE-LDPE blends with two-peak curves are partially or not miscible. In contrast, all the HDPE-LLDPE blends indicate co-crystallization, but the 40–60% HDPE-LLDPE butylene blend is probably immiscible. It was revealed that complex viscosity decreases with angular frequency: linearly for HD-LD blends and not linearly for HD-LLDPE blends. The complex viscosity shows linear behavior with composition for HD-LLDPE blends, while there is a positive–negative deviation for HD-LD blends. In the liquid phase, according to rheological measurements, the HDPE-LDPE blends are not or partially miscible, while the HDPE-LLDPE blends are probably miscible.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/ma16196402

Benchmarking methodology for stateful NAT64 gateways

Keiichi Shima Kenjiro Cho Gábor Lencse

Publication Name: Computer Communications

Publication Date: 2023-10-01

Volume: 210

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 256-272

Description:

The benchmarking of Network Address and Protocol Translation from IPv6 clients to IPv4 servers (stateful NAT64) gateways is challenging from a methodological point of view because the state of the art benchmarking standards have some requirements that are conflicting when applied to stateful NAT64 gateways. In this paper, several methodological gaps are pointed out and a benchmarking methodology is proposed, which is applicable for any stateful NATxy gateways, where x and y are in {4, 6}. It bridges all the gaps by reconciling the conflicting requirements and facilitating the execution of the industry standard benchmarking measurement procedures (throughput, latency, frame loss rate, packet delay variation) with stateful NATxy gateways. New performance metrics specific to stateful testing are also defined: maximum connection establishment rate, connection tear down rate, and connection tracking table capacity. The proposed methodology is suitable for examining the scalability of the stateful NATxy gateways, too. The methodology is validated by applying it to the benchmarking of three radically different stateful NAT64 implementations: Jool, tayga plus iptables, and OpenBSD Packet Filter (PF). The details of the measurements and their results are fully disclosed.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.comcom.2023.08.009

The Value of Transvaginal Ultrasonography in Management of Preterm Birth in Singletons

Zoltán Papp Zorán Belics

Publication Name: Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Publication Date: 2023-10-01

Volume: 17

Issue: 4

Page Range: 332-340

Description:

Prematurity, which occurs in about 12% of pregnancies worldwide, continues to be one of the leading causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Preterm birth (PTB) can still be considered a syndrome with a variety of causes and underlying factors, which results in mostly unnoticed contraction of the uterus and changes in the cervix. Despite considerable effort aimed at decreasing the incidence of spontaneous PTB, PTB remains the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. In light of the available data, screening strategies for PTB are deficient. Approaches used to identify women considered by historical factors to be low risk for preterm delivery, as well as those at high risk for PTB, continue to evolve. Ultrasound evaluation of the cervix during pregnancy has been the focus of much research during the past decades. Cervical measurement by transvaginal sonography (TVS) has been shown to be a good predictive test for spontaneous PTB in high-and low-risk singleton pregnancy. Cervical shortening, which is often detected on ultrasound examination before it can be appreciated on physical examination, is one of the first steps in the processes leading to labor and can precede labor by several weeks. This is likewise true for funneling and loss of cervical gland area, which cannot be assessed with the physical examination. Therefore, all of these markers, especially if they are used together, can be useful to predict PTB and start adequate therapy as soon as possible to prevent spontaneous preterm delivery.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1997

Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Longitudinal Fiberglass Dowels on Tunnel Face Support in Layered Soils

Morteza Esmaeili Farshad Astaraki Majid Movahedi Rad Jafar Chalabii Jafar Hosseini Manoujan

Publication Name: Infrastructures

Publication Date: 2023-10-01

Volume: 8

Issue: 10

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Tunnel face extrusion rigidity is an important factor for solving stress–strain problems in loose ground conditions. In previous studies, the effect of horizontal and vertical soil layering on tunnel excavation face stability in the presence of longitudinal fiberglass dowels has not been studied. Therefore, in this study, the effect of fiberglass dowels on the stability of the tunnel face in layered soil has been investigated. In this matter, the best dowel arrangement for minimizing the excavation face extrusion in the case of two-layer soil (horizontal or vertical) has been focused on. For this purpose, firstly, a 3D numerical model was validated based on field data provided previously, and then a 3D numerical tunnel was developed in FLAC3D, adopting the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion. In continuation, the effect of tunnel diameter, initial pressure ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 MPa, and different placement angles of fiberglass dowels ranging from 0 to 9 degrees, with respect to the tunnel longitudinal axes on the tunnel face extrusion, have been investigated. In the case of horizontal layering, the results showed that the maximum extrusion rate is significantly increased where the elasticity modulus of the soil is reduced. In addition, comparing the maximum extrusion in vertical and horizontal layering, it was found that its value in the horizontal mode is much higher than in the vertical. Additionally, the extrusion of the tunnel face has changed significantly due to an alteration in the initial stress. Finally, it was discovered that tunnel face extrusion is not significantly affected by altering the angle of the fiberglass dowels.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures8100138

Oceania’s 5G Multi-Tier Fixed Wireless Access Link’s Long-Term Resilience and Feasibility Analysis

Satyanand Singh Joanna Rosak-Szyrocka Istvan Drotar Xavier Fernando

Publication Name: Future Internet

Publication Date: 2023-10-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 10

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Information and communications technologies play a vital role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and bridging the gap between developed and developing countries. However, various socioeconomic factors adversely impact the deployment of digital infrastructure, such as 5G networks, in the countries of Oceania. The high-speed broadband fifth-generation cellular network (5G) will improve the quality of service for growing mobile users and the massive Internet of Things (IoT). It will also provide ultra-low-latency services required by smart city applications. This study investigates the planning process for a 5G radio access network incorporating sub-6 GHz macro-remote radio units (MRRUs) and mmWave micro-remote radio units (mRRUs). We carefully define an optimization problem for 5G network planning, considering the characteristics of urban macro-cells (UMa) and urban micro-cells (UMi) with appropriate channel models and link budgets. We determine the minimum number of MRRUs and mRRUs that can be installed in each area while meeting coverage and user traffic requirements. This will ensure adequate broadband low-latency network coverage with micro-cells instead of macro-cells. This study evaluates the technical feasibility analysis of combining terrestrial and airborne networks to provide 5G coverage in Oceania, with a special emphasis on Fiji.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/fi15100334

On the design of stable, consistent, and conservative high-order methods for multi-material hydrodynamics

József Bakosi Jacob Waltz Aditya Pandare Weizhao Li Hong Luo

Publication Name: Journal of Computational Physics

Publication Date: 2023-10-01

Volume: 490

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Obtaining stable and high-order numerical solutions for multi-material hydrodynamics is an open challenge. Although slope limiters are widely used to maintain monotonicity near discontinuities, typical limiting procedures violate closure laws at the discrete level when applied to multi-material hydrodynamics equations. Due to this, the high-order expansions of quantities related by the closure laws are no longer consistent. The commonly observed symptom of this consistency-violation is that the numerical method fails to maintain constant pressure and velocity across material interfaces. This leads to sub-optimal convergence rates for smooth multi-material problems as well. Specialized limiting procedures that satisfy consistency while maintaining conservation need to be developed for such equations. A novel procedure that re-instates consistency into slope-limited high-order discretizations applied to the multi-material hydrodynamics equations is presented here. Using simple examples, it is demonstrated that the presented method satisfies closure laws at the discrete level, while maintaining conservative properties of the high-order method. Furthermore, this procedure involves a projection step which relies on the compact basis of the underlying spatial discretization, i.e. for discontinuous schemes (viz. DG and FV) the projection is local, and does not involve global matrix solves. Comparisons with conventional approaches emphasizes the necessity of the consistent closure-law preserving limiting approach, in order to maintain design order of accuracy for smooth multi-material problems.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.jcp.2023.112313