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The Sustainable Contribution of Artificial Intelligence to Higher Education - Results of a Pilot Study

Judit Petra Koltai Nikolett Gyurián Nagy Eszter Szabó-Szentgróti Gábor Szábo-Szentgróti Tamás Vinkóczi Nikolett Gyurián Nagy

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 487-492

Description:

The past year has seen revolutionary breakthroughs in the development of artificial intelligence-based (AI) products that can impact almost every aspect of life. The change raises the question of the sustainability of education and how technology will transform the way we currently teach. This study aims to develop a model and its hypothetical adaptation that can be used to analyse the adoption and use of artificial intelligence in university settings. The importance of AI in education can be captured in its ability to personalise learning pathways, improve teaching methods and automate related administrative tasks. AI technologies are able to adapt to the needs of individual learners, providing personalised instruction and improving learning outcomes. AI can also help educators by automating routine tasks, allowing them to focus on individualised instruction and create a more engaging and effective learning environment. Based on the accepted results of exploratory factor analysis as the applied method of this paper, the research concludes that the model adaptation is feasible, but it is worth considering changing the variable reflecting implementation to one that is accepted by educators as the concrete institutional implementation of AI is still a very distant scenario in higher education. Future research should incorporate these findings into the design of possible structural models, as this area of AI research has the potential to bring significant social science and educational benefits.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107082

On Applying Gradient Based Thresholding on the Canny Edge Detection Results to Improve the Effectiveness of Fuzzy Hough Transform for Colonoscopy Polyp Detection Purposes

Péter Prukner Raneem Ismail Szilvia Nagy

Publication Name: Smart Innovation Systems and Technologies

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 332 SIST

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 110-121

Description:

The possibilities of improving the effectiveness of fuzzy Hough transform calculations in the detection of colonoscopy image processing and polyp detection by gradient based preprocessing is studied. For the Hough transforms a black and white image consisting of line segments is necessary, thus most of the times an edge detected image is used as the basis of the transform. Here, the gradient magnitude values corresponding to the Canny edge pixels of the image are used for determining, which are the typical magnitude values for the polyp contours, in order to remove part of the non-contour edges from the image. Three publicly available databases with images and ground truth masks are used for testing, whether a general threshold for the gradients is applicable, but based on the histograms it seems to be not possible to generate a database independent normalized gradient based domain that can be used for sorting out the unnecessary edges.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7842-5_10

SELF-ASSESSMENT OR PEER ASSESSMENT? WHICH IS BETTER PREDICTOR OF TEST RESULTS

Nárcisz Kulcsár

Publication Name: Sefi 2023 51st Annual Conference of the European Society for Engineering Education Engineering Education for Sustainability Proceedings

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 703-709

Description:

Internationally accredited engineering programmes are becoming increasingly important in the internationalisation agenda of universities. ABET has highlighted transversal skills in its accreditation criteria for engineering degrees. Preferred transferable skills include the ability of students to reflect on their own performance, the ability to give constructive feedback and the ability to make judgements. Students' self- and peer-assessment was examined in the context of a basic mathematics course. During the maths midterm tests, students self-assessed on each task, and assessed another student's test. These assessments were compared with the points given by the teacher. 84% of students overestimated their actual performance and more than 60% of them overestimated their peer's performance, and both overestimations were low. According to students' opinion, peer assessment is as easy as self-assessment, it is not easier for them to spot mistakes in other people's work than in their own. The research results showed significant difference in the accuracy of peer and self-assessment, peer assessment is closer to teacher evaluation than self-assessment. Contrary to our previous research, now we did not find a significant correlation between students' performance and assessment accuracy in the first test. One reason for this may be that these students have failed this subject at least once. As further learning is only possible once we have identified what needs to be learned, the ability to assess the gained knowledge as accurately as possible is appreciating. In addition to meeting accreditation requirements, the different type of assessments' cognitive and affective effects on learning outcomes make it a good choice for classroom use.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.21427/HTNS-KS58

Transport Development Challenges of Brownfield Investments in the Name of Sustainability

Petra Szakonyi Emese Makó

Publication Name: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Water Energy Food and Sustainability Icowefs 2022

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 36-47

Description:

Reconstruction of brownfield sites is part of the EU cohesion policy, a priority area for EU development funding, and a permanent theme for the Committee of the Regions. Redevelopment of brownfield sites is also a solution to ensure sustainable urban sprawl and land management. One of the main advantages of brownfield investments over greenfield investments is, that on the one hand it is not necessary to build the utility infrastructure and road network because it is already built, and on the other hand the development is land-saving, as it is not necessary to declare new undeveloped areas as construction areas. Another advantage can be mentioned: the investment is implemented and the improvement of the environmental conditions, contributing to the appreciation and sustainable development of the settlement. At the same time, the development of brownfields causes challenges during urban planning. On the one hand, an attractive regulatory environment has to be created in the master plans for investors, usually with a high building ratio, but on the other hand, sustainable transport for the area still has to be ensured for the long term. According to our experiences, in order to satisfy the cost-effective investment intention of investors, there is a need to ensure the maximum build-up density of the area, which generates a much higher transport demand than before, which the existing transport infrastructure and services can no longer fulfil, and therefore capacity expansion will be required. However, to ensure sustainable settlement development, the additional traffic demand generated by the brownfield redevelopment must be served following the methodology and criteria of sustainable transport development. Using the experience of a Hungarian case study, the authors present a new brownfield redevelopment model, which can help decision-makers and planners to make the right settlement planning decisions, apply optimal transport planning criteria and methods, and select the adequate, sustainable transport development tools for brownfield investments, during preparation and implementation.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26849-6_5

Lézerszkennerrel felmért közlekedési csomópontok láthatósági vizsgálata referenciasík segítségével

Csaba Koren Zsófia Magyari

Publication Name: Geodezia Es Kartografia

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 75

Issue: 1

Page Range: 16-23

Description:

According to road design guidelines, unsignalized intersections should have certain free sight fields to ensure that vehicles approaching from different directions see each other. However, in many cases these sight fields include some obstacles which cause safety concerns. The identification of these obstacles and the planning of appropriate interventions would improve safety. In this article, we present an analysis method suitable for visibility investigation based on a laser scanner survey. We review the methods developed in recent years to select the visible and hidden points of the point cloud. Based on the presented results, we developed a procedure that is consistent with the concept of sight distance used in the field of road design. The survey was taken from an observation point of the drivers on the minor road and the sightlines were projected onto a reference plane along the major road, considering the required sight distance. The projected results appeared as "shadows" from the visibility obstacles on the reference plane. The visibility difficulties detected can be used to decide the appropriate actions to improve the safety of the intersection.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.30921/GK.75.2023.1.2

Sustainable Development in the Sahel Region

Kata D. Jankovits Julia Szoke

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 223-228

Description:

Scientists from various fields have long examined the factors contributing to sustainable development in Africa. The paper investigates the topic of sustainable development focusing on a very special part of Africa, the Sahel region, which is an ecoclimatic and biogeographic region of Africa facing many challenges. Consequently, the secondary research to be presented in this paper aims to review some projects and actions taken by various organizations, like the United Nations and the African Union, that stimulate sustainable development in the Sahel region. Accordingly, it focuses on a few of those projects and actions, which, on the one hand, enable sustainable agriculture, the reduction of malnutrition and food insecurity, and water usage combined with latrine construction, and which, on the other hand, enhance natural resource management and increasing resilience to climate change. The paper concludes with some remarks regarding the efficacy of these projects and actions from the viewpoint of sustainability, and finds that even though these projects and actions are of significance, there is still a long road ahead to reach sustainable development in the Sahel region.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107038

Measurement of Pedestrian Targets in Terms of Radar Cross Section

David Jozsa Leticia Pekk Marton Jagicza Gabor Laszlo Toth Denes Fodor

Publication Name: Saci 2023 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics Proceedings

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 363-368

Description:

In terms of vehicle radars, the most important properties of targets are speed, distance, and radar cross section. Based on the Radar Cross Section (RCS), the type of the object can be identified with a good approximation: pedestrian, bicycle, car, truck even in extreme weather conditions. A radar cross section measures the reflectivity of an object and its numerical value is equal to the area of the cross section of a conducting sphere with the same reflectivity. Its value depends on the material and shape of the object, the angle of illumination, and the ratio between the wavelength and the size of the object. The article presents a measurement system for radar targets, the main component of which is an automotive radar. In addition, the evaluation software for the measurement system, which was created in the MATLAB / SIMULINK environment, will be presented. The measurement system was used to perform various measurements on the ZalaZONE Automotive Proving Ground (Zalaegerszeg, HUNGARY), the evaluation of which will be presented. The purpose of the measurements is to collect information about the radar cross-section values of pedestrians at different distances from the vehicle and dummies simulating them. A comparison of different pedestrians is presented. After that, we will show how even if a puppet is formally similar to a pedestrian, the RCS can show a different value.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/SACI58269.2023.10158601

FAMILY-FRIENDLY WORKING ARRANGEMENTS IN THE V4 COUNTRIES

Anna Pátkai Bende

Publication Name: Journal of Community Positive Practices

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 23

Issue: 3

Page Range: 99-111

Description:

The study examines the countries of the Visegrad Group from the point of view of how widespread family-friendly working arrangements are in their labor market. The paper highlights that the labor market of the V4 countries in the past decade was characterized by continuous rise of employment rates. As the role of women in the labor market increases, employees have to face constant challenges in reconciling their professional and family obligations. However, flexible working arrangements that could help employees combine work and private life, are still not widespread in the V4 countries. The study primarily examines the proportion of part-time employees and remote workers of the Visegrad countries in the light of Eurostat data. The paper emphasizes the role of the governments, companies, and civil society in creating ideal workplaces for employees with family.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.35782/JCPP.2023.3.07

Employment status of Hungarian food delivery workers in the post pandemic era

Ali Ilhan Frank Füredi

Publication Name: Ukrainian Food Journal

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 12

Issue: 1

Page Range: 141-156

Description:

Introduction. The Covid pandemic had reat impact on the sharing economy. As esult, food delivery platforms continue to flourish. Today, several challenges recently appeared, and this research explores the ambiguous employment status of food delivery workers in Hungary. They are uncertain as to whether they are employees or independent contractors. Materials and methods. This research provided use of techniques including "word frequency inquiry" and "exploration diagrams," which are supported by the NVivo qualitative research software. Through interviews and participant observation this paper attempts to illuminate how food delivery workers perceive their employment status and the information is gathered directly from them. Results and discussion. This study attempted to determine how Hungarian food delivery workers felt about their status as independent contractors or employees. The data revealed that the majority of food delivery employees work full-time, but arge proportion of them do not view it as ong-term source of income due to concerns about their health and working conditions. Also, despite being referred to as "independent contractors," many of them claimed to be "employees," indicating that they were skeptical and confused about their employment status. Food delivery employees struggle in the sharing economy because they do not receive assistance from organizations such as labor unions. Based on these results, it appears that there is eed for more clarity and norms regarding the classification of individuals in the sharing economy. When it is unclear whether an individual is an independent contractor or an employee, they can be exploited, particularly if they have no other employment options. Also, the incapacity of organizations such as labor unions demonstrates the importance of finding alternative means to defend and support food delivery workers. This study helps us understand the issues that food delivery workers in the sharing economy face, particularly with regard to their employment and the absence of institutional support. The results demonstrate that policymakers must address these issues by implementing the appropriate rules and support systems to safeguard and assist workers in the sharing economy. Conclusions. Our research indicates that the attitudes of the food delivery workers are influenced by the trade-off between the flexibility of working conditions and the lack of employee benefits.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.24263/2304-974X-2023-12-1-11