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Found 6374 publications
Regulatory Risk in Green FinTech: Comparative Insights from Central Europe
Publication Name: Risks
Publication Date: 2026-01-01
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Green fintech merges sustainable finance with data-intensive innovation, but national translations of EU rules can create regulatory risk. This study examines how such risk manifests in Central Europe and which policy tools mitigate it. We develop a three-dimension framework—regulatory clarity and scope, supervisory consistency, and innovation facilitation—and apply a comparative qualitative design to Hungary, Slovakia, Czechia, and Poland. Using a common EU baseline, we compile coded national snapshots from primary legal texts, supervisory documents, and recent scholarship. Results show material cross-country variation in labelling practice, soft-law use, and testing infrastructure: Hungary combines central-bank green programmes with an innovation hub/sandbox; Slovakia aligns with ESMA and runs hub/sandbox, though the green-fintech pipeline is nascent; Czechia applies a principles-based safe harbour and lacks a national sandbox; and Poland relies on a virtual sandbox and binding interpretations with limited soft law. These choices shape approval timelines, retail penetration, and cross-border portability of green-labelled products. We conclude with a policy toolkit: labelling convergence or explicit safe harbours, a cross-border sandbox federation, ESRS/ESAP-ready proportionate disclosures, consolidation of recurring interpretations into soft law, investment in suptech for green-claims analytics, and inclusion metrics in sandbox selection.
Open Access: Yes
Data-driven decision-making framework for the evaluation of the traders in the stock market using cosine trigonometric single-valued neutrosophic approach
Publication Name: Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science
Publication Date: 2026-01-01
Volume: 41
Issue: 2
Page Range: 222-243
Description:
The cosine trigonometric single valued neutrosophic number (CT-SVNN) is a suitable expansion of the standard neutrosophic number. Single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) may effectively overcome three components: degree of truth, indeterminacy, and falsity. In recent years, the aggregation operator (AO) and its applications have undergone development. This study introduces a few new AOs for multi-attribute decision-making (MADM). We introduce a novel approach for cosine trigonometric SVNS (CT-SVNS) and CT-SVNS with normal (CT-SVNNS), which are SVNS extensions. It is also required to discuss the CT-SVNNS method fundamental features in this communication, such as idempotency, boundedness, commutativity and monotonicity. There are numerous CT-SVNNS operators that have been proposed, including CT-SVN normal weighted averaging (CT-SVNNWA), CT-SVN normal weighted geometric (CT-SVNNWG), generalized CT-SVNNWA (GCT-SVNNWA) and generalized CT-SVNNWG. A powerful strategy for solving the MADM problem is provided that makes use of new developed generalized operators. Through a case study, the value of the suggested MADM approach is demonstrated. The new strategy is shown using a market share problem, and the outcomes are contrasted and examined against an existing method. This combination of generalized AO was rated successful based on expert preferences. As a result, a varied collection of experts may be accepted.
Open Access: Yes
Optimized machine learning approach for detecting TCP exhaustion attacks in modbus-TCP/IP networks
Publication Name: Journal of Intelligent Systems
Publication Date: 2026-01-01
Volume: 35
Issue: 1
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The Modbus TCP/IP protocol, widely adopted in industrial communications, lacks essential security features, making it vulnerable to cyberattacks such as TCP Connection Exhaustion. This paper proposes a machine learning-based detection framework using the Random Forest (RF) algorithm to identify malicious traffic in Operational Technology (OT) networks. A simulated testbed was created using virtual machines to emulate Modbus server-client communication under normal and attack conditions. Our model achieved F1-score of 99.83 %, precision of 99.9 %, and recall of 99.7 %, clearly demonstrating its accuracy and robustness. These results validate the proposed approach as a lightweight, real-time, and effective intrusion detection system suitable for resource-constrained industrial environments.
Open Access: Yes
School Streets: Transforming Urban Spaces for Safer Student Commuting
Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems
Publication Date: 2026-01-01
Volume: 1768 LNNS
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 66-71
Description:
This study provides a comprehensive review of the concept of School Streets, emphasising their role in enhancing traffic safety, accessibility, and community well-being. By analysing successful implementations across several European cities, practical strategies and interventions were identified that facilitate the transformation of urban spaces around schools into safer, child-friendly environments. This is the first study to evaluate the feasibility of School Streets in Hungary through on-site assessments of 30 schools, providing locally grounded, evidence-based recommendations for context-specific implementation. Additionally, the research assesses the feasibility of establishing School Streets in Hungary by examining 30 local schools, considering factors such as existing infrastructure, community needs, and potential obstacles. Tailored recommendations are developed to support policymakers and urban planners in designing and implementing context-specific solutions. The findings underscore the significant benefits of School Streets in reducing traffic hazards, promoting active mobility, and fostering healthier, more engaged communities. Ultimately, this work advances sustainable and child-centric urban mobility practices, offering practical insights for creating safer, more inclusive school environments across Hungary and Europe.
Open Access: Yes
SIGNIFICANCE OF FRACTAL INTERFACIAL LAYER AND NANOPARTICLE’S RADIUS ON THE DYNAMICS OF NANOFLUIDS FLOW VIA CHANNEL OF POROUS WALLS
Publication Name: Fractals
Publication Date: 2026-01-01
Volume: Unknown
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
This paper investigates heat and mass transfer phenomena by assessing advanced thermal conductivity models (TCMs) that significantly influence the flow of metallic (Au) nanoparticles under suitable boundary conditions. By integrating high TCMs with innovative interfacial fractal theory, we demonstrate a marked enhancement in thermal and concentration transfer. The analysis further investigates the physical model of a hybrid porous channel under the influence of nanofluid flow, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), and chemical reactions. A detailed numerical investigation of nonlinear partial differential equations, converted into higher-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity transformations, reveals results by employing single-phase models of nanofluids. The ODEs are solved numerically via the shooting approach combined with the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method, using Mathematica to produce both graphical and numerical results. A comparative graph for expanding/contracting cases deliberated under the impact of MHD and chemical reaction. For expanding and suction cases, volume fractions of nanoparticles increase the function of the Nusselt number. Similarly, MHD is also an increasing function of shear stress near the porous surfaces. As the radius of the nanoparticle (dp) and the inter-particle spacing (h) increase, the radial velocity and temperature profiles also rise in both porous walls. It shows that chemical reactions alter thermal and mass transfer characteristics, with optimal parameters identified for maximizing efficiency. The research uncovers nonlinear interactions between flow dynamics and nanoparticle characteristics, explores the impact of external magnetic fields, and examines how boundary conditions influence transfer processes. Overall, this work enhances our understanding of using fractal theory to improve heat and mass transfer in engineering applications involving metallic nanoparticles.
Open Access: Yes
Joint audit work allocation in the mandatory joint audit setting: a comparative study between the developed and the emerging economies
Publication Name: Cogent Business and Management
Publication Date: 2026-01-01
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
This study investigates the effects of joint audit work allocation on audit quality, fees, and report delays. It analyzes data from 347 non-financial listed firms in France and Morocco. Audit fee shares serve as a proxy for workload distribution. The findings reveal notable differences between France and Morocco. At the macro level, there is no statistically significant relationship between joint audit work allocation and either audit quality or audit report delays in France. However, greater imbalances in work allocation are associated with higher audit fees. In Morocco, greater imbalances in the allocation of work are associated with lower audit quality, higher fees, and longer delays. At the joint audit pair level, most pairs in both countries exhibit no significant relationship between work allocation and audit quality, fees, or report delays. Nevertheless, specific French and Moroccan pairs with greater imbalances in work allocation experience higher audit fees and longer delays. Regarding company size, joint audit work allocation has a minimal effect on audit quality, fees, and delays among large firms. As unbalanced joint audits have parallels to single audits, our findings contribute to current discussions of their comparative advantages and disadvantages. This study provides valuable and practical insights for a wide audience, including investors, board members, practitioners, academics, and policymakers.
Open Access: Yes
Assessing leadership in hybrid work: developing a comprehensive framework for leader-follower dynamics
Publication Name: Human Resource Development International
Publication Date: 2026-01-01
Volume: Unknown
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The rise of hybrid work environments has fundamentally altered leadership dynamics, challenging traditional models of leader-follower interactions, feedback mechanisms, and employee development. Existing leadership assessment tools, such as the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Questionnaire, Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), and Coaching Behaviour Questionnaire (CBQ) were developed for either fully in-person or fully remote settings, leaving critical gaps in understanding leadership effectiveness when asynchronous communication and fragmented relational contexts are present. Our conceptual paper addresses the limitations of these traditional instruments in capturing hybrid leader behaviours. Drawing from transdisciplinary research in organisational behaviour, psychology, and leadership studies, we propose the ALIGN Questionnaire as a novel conceptual and measurement framework tailored to hybrid working environments. The questionnaire integrates validated elements from existing leadership scales while incorporating hybrid-specific constructs (like one-to-one meeting design, leader availability across modalities or interaction frequency) essential for HRD outcomes. By operationalising these underexplored dimensions, our framework provides a more nuanced evaluation of leadership effectiveness. This tool is designed to support HRD professionals and oragnizations in identifying potential disparities, refining leadership development strategies, and supporting equitable inclustion policies in hybrid settings. As a timely and context-specific approach to advancing leadership assessment, it helps organisational practices remain relevant in contemporary hybrid realities.
Open Access: Yes
Curvature-Constrained Motion Planning Method for Differential-Drive Mobile Robot Platforms
Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland
Publication Date: 2026-01-01
Volume: 16
Issue: 1
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Compact heavy-duty skid-steer robots are increasingly used for city logistics and intralogistics tasks where high payload capacity and stability are required. However, their limited maneuverability and non-negligible turning radius challenge conventional waypoint-tracking controllers that assume unconstrained motion. This paper proposes a curvature-constrained trajectory planning and control framework that guarantees geometrically feasible motion for such platforms. The controller integrates an explicit curvature limit into a finite-state machine, ensuring smooth heading transitions without in-place rotation. The overall architecture integrates GNSS-RTK and IMU localization, modular ROS 2 nodes for trajectory execution, and a supervisory interface developed in Foxglove Studio for intuitive mission planning. Field trials on a custom four-wheel-drive skid-steer platform demonstrate centimeter-scale waypoint accuracy on straight and curved trajectories, with stable curvature compliance across all tested scenarios. The proposed method achieves the smoothness required by most applications while maintaining the computational simplicity of geometric followers. Computational simplicity is reflected in the absence of online optimization or trajectory reparameterization; the controller executes a constant-time geometric update per cycle, independent of waypoint count. The results confirm that curvature-aware control enables reliable navigation of compact heavy-duty robots in semi-structured outdoor environments and provides a practical foundation for future extensions.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3390/app16010322
A SPECTRAL COLLOCATION SCHEME WITH 2D ULTRASPHERICAL WAVELETS FOR FRACTIONAL NONLINEAR GAS DYNAMICS EQUATIONS UNDER CAPUTO–FABRIZIO DERIVATIVE
Publication Name: Fractals
Publication Date: 2026-01-01
Volume: Unknown
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Gas Dynamics Equations (GDEs) play a fundamental role in modeling fluid flows phenomena across a range of applications, from environmental systems to aerospace engineering. These equations mathematically represent the fundamental laws of mass, momentum and energy conservation. Modeling complex gas flows often requires advanced mathematical tools capable of capturing nonlocal and memory-dependent behavior. Therefore, this study explores the implementation of the Caputo–Fabrizio Fractional Derivative (CFFD) in the analysis of GDEs, highlighting its potential to accurately capture the behavior of complex fluid dynamics systems. A two-dimensional (2D) wavelet-based approach combined with suitable collocation grids is employed to approximate the solutions for spacetime Fractional Gas Dynamics Equations (FGDEs). The concept of the CFFD, with its nonsingular kernel, is integrated into the framework of GDEs, offering a more precise analytical perspective. By reformulating the FGDEs into a system of algebraic equations, the proposed approach enables efficient computation via iterative technique. The error analysis of the numerical results is presented through graphs and tables for three illustrative examples with varying fractional values, demonstrating a strong correlation between the analytical and approximated solutions. The performance of the scheme is evaluated using multiple error metrics, including minimum absolute error, L∞ error, L2 error, and LRMS errors. The absolute errors demonstrate the improvement in results of FGDEs as the wavelet basis increases. The results validate the reliability and ease of implementation of the suggested approach for solving the FGDEs. The study demonstrates the method’s reliability, and potential for solving a wide class of nonlinear fractional models governed by nonlocal dynamics.
Open Access: Yes
