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Publications - 6674

Preliminary data of life and health insurance in the Roman Law (the collegium funeraticium and the collegium tenuiorum)

Ágnes Váradi

Publication Name: Orvosi Hetilap

Publication Date: 2007-12-30

Volume: 148

Issue: 52

Page Range: 2477-2481

Description:

With the explosion of insurance contracts in the last two hundred years both in Europe and around the rest of the world, there is a temptation to think that the financing and insuring on projects on limited or non-recourse terms is a relatively novel concept. This is, however, far from being true. Indeed, there is an early evidence of project financing techniques and insurance contracts being actively used during the ancient times. The first examples come from the Roman law but there are similar legal institutions even in the ancient Greek legal system. - The essay analyses the legal history of assurances on lives and health in the Roman law, especially the question of the collegium tenuiorum and the collegium funeraticium. In the centre of the studies are the analyses of their legal personality, the changes in the regulation concerning their foundation, the purpose and the internal organisation. The treatment of the main topics begins with fragments from the material of the Corpus Iuris Civilis by Justinian. After that the views of the most important authors and the contemporary investigations in the Roman law found the statements of the paper. - As a result of these analyses we can see the process of development in the ancient legal systems, especially in the Roman law. And although these results have no immediate influence on the present legal regulation, it can demonstrate original tendencies in the field of insurances. This way we can prove that the Roman law is a still existing basis for the development in contractual law.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/OH.2007.28274

The most important city development initiatives of Hungary

János Rechnitzer Bálint Filep Judit Berkes

Publication Name: Regional Statistics

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: 9

Issue: 2

Page Range: 20-44

Description:

Recently, Hungary's urban development issues have been gaining increasing attention, while directions and institutional frameworks of regional politics are in a constant change. In this context, the study discusses the contents and connotations that can be linked to the territorial concept of major Hungarian cities; it also examines the changes in the position of these cities in the urban system. Major cities have a key role in territorial development as they facilitate spatial processes, and hence it is crucial to identify the weight and directions these centres with complex functions represent in development concepts. The formation or even restructuring of spatial processes require time. Since the democratic transition in 1989-1990, different development directions were assigned to major cities in short cycles. Cities have failed to adapt to these ever-changing objectives. The first part of this study presents the layers of the concept of major cities and characterize such categories as regional centre, city, county seat, and city with county rights. The second part tries to locate these centres, exploring changes in their developmental emphases, and also identifies pathways in the frequently changing territorial politics of the posttransition period.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.15196/RS090204

Development of High-Entropy Alloy Coating by Additive Technology

L. K. Varga B. Kocsis Gábor Gulyás

Publication Name: Frontiers in Materials

Publication Date: 2022-01-18

Volume: 8

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

In this research study, various additively fabricated coatings and bulk 3D-printed parts were prepared, using the mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties of CrMnFeCoNi (Cantor alloy) and AlCrMnFeNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs). The coatings were applied to an EN 1.0038 carbon steel substrate using direct metal laser sintering. We attempted to optimize the 3D printing parameters of HEA alloys. The effect of volumetric energy density (VED) on the microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. We also examined the change of relative concentration of alloys in the direction of 3D printing (z-axis) as well as the volumetric failures (cracks and gaps). Standard salt spray tests were performed to test the corrosion resistance of various coatings after 3D printing. The use of both raw materials applied as thick films was successful; they retained their corrosion-resistant properties even with a change in their composition. Regarding the crystal structure, no difference was found between the base material and the material applied as a coating on the basis of X-ray diffraction investigations. Bulk HEA printing experiments need further optimization concerning their structural integrity and density in the case of the Cantor alloy. Bulk 3D printing experiments of the AlCrMnFeNi alloy did not yield satisfactory results because of the formation of dendritic microstructure and brittle BCC phase, and the residual internal stress resulted in part distortion and improper printing.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3389/fmats.2021.802076

The generalization of pascal’s triangle from algebraic point of view

No authors available

Publication Name: Annales Mathematicae et Informaticae

Publication Date: 1997-01-01

Volume: 24

Issue:

Page Range: 11-18

Description:

In this paper we generalize Pascal’s Triangle and examine the connections between the generalized triangles and powering integers and polynomials respectively.

Open Access: No

DOI: DOI not available

Evaluation of the aggregation capability of the mpt network layer multipath communication library and multipath TCP

Ákos Kovács

Publication Name: Acta Polytechnica Hungarica

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 6

Page Range: 129-147

Description:

Multipath communication techniques can bring in a new era for Cognitive Infocommunication, due to ensuring resilient and high-speed data transfer. In this paper, we evaluated the MPT network layer multipath communication library, which creates an UDP tunnel, based on the GRE in UDP tunnel protocol. We compared the aggregation capability of MPT to that of MPTCP, which stands for Multi-Path TCP and based on TCP sub-flows to aggregate the transmission capacities of different physical interfaces and their potentially disjoint paths to ensure high network throughput. In this article, we used 100 Mbps and 1 Gbps speed channels to compare the aggregation capabilities of these two different multipath communication solutions. We used several scenarios for the evaluation. We tested both IPv4 and IPv6 both as underlying and as encapsulation protocols. We used several channels up to 12 to evaluate the aggregation capabilities with the industry standard iperf tool, even with different numbers of iperf threads. Meanwhile we measured the CPU usage of the two examined multipath technologies to get further insight into their operation. On the basis of our measurement results, we also set up a mathematical model of their channel aggregation capabilities.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.12700/APH.16.6.2019.6.9

Heat radiation effects on insulating materials used in buildings

Flóra Hajdu Rajmund Kuti Gabriella Lászlo

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2021-12-31

Volume: 16

Issue: 3

Page Range: 108-113

Description:

In recent years, in order to increase the energy efficiency of older buildings in Hungary, several tenders have supported the modernization of the thermal insulation. Various thermal insulation materials have been installed on walls, on slab and on floor. Unfortunately there are cases where thermal insulation materials are not installed in accordance with the construction permit or the manufacturer's instructions, which poses a serious danger in case of a fire. During the research the effects of heat on the behavior of Expanded PolyStyrene, a thermal insulation material often used in Hungary is examined. Laboratory tests and computer simulations were carried out, which are presented in detail in this paper. The aim of the research is to contribute to increase the fire safety of buildings.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/606.2021.00377

On possibilistic version of distance covariance and correlation

István Harmati Róbert Fullér

Publication Name: Studies in Computational Intelligence

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: 796

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 175-181

Description:

Distance correlation is a relatively new measure of dependence in probability theory and statistics, which has the great advantage that it gives zero if and only if the variables are independent. In this paper we define its possibilistic version. Namely, we equip each γ -level set of the joint possibility distribution with a uniform probability distribution, then we determine the probabilistic distance covariance and correlation between the marginal distributions. Finally, the possibilistic distance covariance and correlation is computed as the weighted average of these probabilistic measures of dependence.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-00485-9_20

Military Migration and Demographic Transformations in Ukraine: Military Consequences for Territorial Communities

L. Akimova Halyna Mishchuk M. I. Karpa Oleksandr Akimov L. Akimova H. Karolyi

Publication Name: Ukrainian Geographical Journal

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 2025

Issue: 3

Page Range: 75-86

Description:

Population migration is one of the natural phenomena that occurs in society regardless of the form of social and economic system, and is considered within the framework and at the intersection of various sciences. However, military migration has its unique features and a distinct landscape of its processes, occurrences, and ongoing developments. The subject of this research is the complex of problems related to military migration in Ukraine, as well as its impact on the socio-economic development of territorial communities. The article aims to map both visible situations and latent processes in the territorial communities of Ukraine caused by military migration during the Russo-Ukrainian War. It is demonstrated that the consequences of military migration have both positive and negative aspects, thereby becoming a source of conflict and contributing to a decline in living standards within territorial communities. The need to combine the efforts of government bodies, civil society, and stakeholders in a comprehensive study of the consequences of military migration on communities is emphasized to develop effective models and strategies to overcome negative patterns. The fundamental issues surrounding military migration are reexamined to incorporate some of the significant new field data that has surfaced recently and to outline the policy implications of the results.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.15407/ugz2025.03.075

Desktop VR as a virtual workspace: A cognitive aspect

Borbála Berki

Publication Name: Acta Polytechnica Hungarica

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 2

Page Range: 219-231

Description:

This paper explores the benefits of using a desktop VR as a virtual workspace. Forty-nine participants data included in this study. With a between-subjects design, we compared the use of extra information between a desktop VR (23 people) and a web browser (26 people). Their tasks were to solve numerical tasks and write the results in a separate spreadsheet. They could follow their performance (solved task / all tasks) on a graph. Then, they filled out a questionnaire where they had to estimate their performance, and indicate the source of this estimation (the only valid source was the provided graph). In the subsample of those who used the graph, the members of the VR group estimated significantly more accurately their performance than the members web browser group. Therefore, the 3D desktop VR workspace can provide benefits to its users by displaying extra information permanently.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.12700/APH.16.2.2019.2.13