The paper explores how Hungarian parents of children with a language disorder use emotional deixis to report their child’s condition. Demonstrative pronouns and the metaphorical meaning of space, particularly proximity, are observed in a corpus of six interviews. The questions raised are: a) What entities and relations are typically referenced by emotional deixis? b) What kinds of metaphorical meanings are conveyed by spatial closeness in the use of demonstrative pronouns? Results show that the parents use proximal emotional deixis differently from the usual pattern; instead of expressing their internal direct and positive experience, they employ them to report fundamentally negative experiences of the child’s condition, development, diagnosis or therapy, or other negative experiences. Such application of emotional deixis indicates an intense and vivid experience, namely mental and emotional proximity to negative experiences, which stems from the empathic parental role.

Greening tram tracks has ecological, urban planning and economic impacts. Greening of the tracks supports the development of sustainable stormwater management as well as improving the visual appearance of the city. The restoration of the natural water cycle is achieved through water-sensitive design: the innovative solution used achieves both the retention of water, the reduction of run-off and the increase of the surface area available for evaporation. The literature data (Grüngleis Netzwerk, 2011) show that 50-70 % of the annual precipitation projected onto the green runway is absorbed and re-evaporated. The urban climate impact of the vegetation systems to be developed is most pronounced in the summer months. The microclimate of green track environments has a positive impact on the health of the population. Our work will investigate the effects of green vegetated areas. In this study, we analysed the ecological impact and the capacity to sequester of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by photosynthesis of grass- and crowfoot-lined tracks. The Sedum green roofs quantified carbon storage is approximately 160 gC/m² during a two-year period (Collazo-Ortega et al., 2017). The concept of a vegetated track leads to an improvement of green space indicators in a complex system of urban environments through the correct choice of vegetation plants. Prioritising and encouraging the construction of green tracks is one of the possibilities to make the urban environment more livable. It is also necessary to encourage this at the regulatory level in cities.

Various fault detection methods, particularly focused on onboard Condition-Based Monitoring (CBM) in Electrical Machines and Drives (EMDs), face limitations such as sensitivity to load variations, slow fault detection, and the absence of fully automated solutions. AI and Data-Driven methods offer flexible alternatives, utilizing historical data for pattern and anomaly identification. Among Electrical Signature Analysis techniques for electrical motor diagnostics, the Space Vector Theory (SVT) is extensively used, while Park's Vector based diagnostic solutions lack real-time Inter-Turn Short Circuit (ITSC) fault severity assessment, with available techniques often limited to binary classifiers. Implementing AI with SVT for real-time Electric Vehicle (EV) use is underdeveloped, hindered by data scarcity and diverse dataset collection challenges. Real-time simulation, accurate fault modeling, and hardware limitations pose challenges, especially for embedding AI models into processors. To achieve intelligent onboard diagnosis for ITSC fault severity in this paper, a multi-modal approach model is proposed, employing MobileNetV2 to classify Park's Vector trajectories based on the fault features related to the number of shorted turns. Performance assessments encompass both the standard MobileNetV2 and the proposed multi-modal approach model across various fault severity levels. Furthermore, to address the challenge of limited data availability, an accelerated real-time AI development environment is designed using an FPGA to generate synthetic fault pattern datasets, aligning with the standards of the Electric Vehicle industry. For modeling PMSM with ITSC faults, a fault circuit model is employed. The dataset of 900 Park's Vector trajectory images is automatically generated by varying the torque request from 10 to 100 Nm with a 10 Nm resolution. At each torque operating point, the motor currents are recorded by adjusting the number of shorted turns. Simulation results confirm the outstanding performance of MobileNetV2 in binary classification, achieving an accuracy of 99.26 %. In case of 5-class ITSC fault severity classification, the prediction accuracy reaches only 72.55 %. The here proposed multi-modal MobileNetV2 model excels, achieving a remarkable accuracy of 99.163 % in the 3-class fault severity classification and 84.907 % in the 5-class classification. These results support the superiority of the proposed multi-modal MobileNetV2 model, which is trained on the generated rich dataset. It outperforms existing Park's Vector Analysis based ITSC fault detection methods, particularly in early ITSC fault detection as it can detect faults from 6 shorted turns. Additionally, it allows for online fault severity assessment during transient operation and meets stringent requirements for onboard applications. Altogether, the results of investigations prove the presence and extractability of fine detail information in Park's Vector trajectories, for assessing ITSC fault severity. This contributes to a deeper understanding and analysis of faults in electrical motors through the use of Park's Vector trajectories.

Lithium-ion battery technology in the modern automotive industry utilizes highly temperature-sensitive batteries. Here, air cooling strategies will be the most applicable for the chosen example based on strategies for temperature control. Simulations have been utilized to evaluate the different thermal management strategies. A battery model was developed using the solutions offered by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation technology. It utilizes the heat produced by the discharge of the battery cells. Due to the simulation's limited computational capacity, the energy transfer model was implemented with a simplified but sufficiently complex physical mesh. Ten actual measurements were conducted in the laboratory to investigate the heating of the cell during the charging and discharging of 18650-type batteries. The results were applied to validate the simulation model. The simulation outcomes and thermal camera readings were compared. The cell-level numerical model was then extended to examine the temperature variation at the system level. The primary design objective is to achieve the highest energy density possible, which necessitates that the cells be constructed as closely as possible; however, increasing the distance between the cells can provide superior cooling from a thermal management perspective. The effect of varying the distance between individual cells on the system's heating was analyzed. Greater distance resulted in a more efficient heat transfer. It was also discovered that, in some instances, a small distance between cells produces inferior results compared to when constructed adjacently. A critical distance range has been established based on these simulations, which facilitates the placement of the cells.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the most important elements influencing countries' international economic integration. FDI establishes direct, consistent, and long-lasting interconnections between economies as well as encouraging innovative technology and know-how transmission across territories while allowing host economies to offer their goods more extensively on global markets. FDI is also a source of investment financing that creates the climate for appropriate policies. Aside from the obvious advantages for all economic sectors, attracting FDI in small and midsize enterprises (SMEs) has a variety of additional benefits. For example, an opportunity to participate in the global supply chain for parts and components; an opportunity not yet wholly established in most developing nations but is critical for industrialization and improving income distribution through job creation for low-skilled employees. This study compared the impact of FDI on the performance of SMEs in Vietnam to that of a group of ASEAN nations with comparable economic structures including Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The empirical evidence indicates that FDI has a negative effect on the performance of SMEs in the group of four ASEAN member countries while having a positive influence on Vietnamese SMEs.