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Publications - 6278

The legal consequences of supporting candidates on recommendation sheets in an illegal way

Klára Nagy

Publication Name: Acta Juridica Hungarica

Publication Date: 2015-03-01

Volume: 56

Issue: 1

Page Range: 30-38

Description:

In 2014 there were three elections in Hungary: the election of Members of Parliaments, the election of members of the European Parliament, furthermore, the elections of representatives and mayors of municipalities and of representatives of national minority local self-governments. The Hungarian Parliament passed a new act on electoral procedure in 2013 and we have had a new Criminal Code since 2012. This study examines a new legal institution, the recommendation sheets, which raise many questions, including criminal liability. The main theme of the study is the misuses related to recommendation sheets.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/026.2015.56.1.4

Unlocking the insights of dynamics through experimentation of an electric drive

Balázs Vehovszky Zoltán Gazdagh B. Fukker

Publication Name: Proceedings of ISMA 2024 International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering and Usd 2024 International Conference on Uncertainty in Structural Dynamics

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 2022-2030

Description:

This experimental example shows a study of the e-drive lamellae package, where the layered, punched sheets are axially compressed and the permanent magnets are embedded in the laminations. When studying such systems, using Restoring Force Surface (RFS) method allows users to create a snapshot of the behavior of the dynamic system. Due to the potential impact on the end user's perception of vehicle quality, the consideration of the changes in resin stiffness over time, the evolution of the time-dependent dynamic response in systems like Laminated Rotor Cores (LRC) remains an aspect in development. Technology development of nonlinear characterization of Laminated Rotor Cores (LRC) under different conditions allows engineers to understand how the dynamics evolve in time. Aging and hardening of polymer resin coating change the dynamics of the system. This change may be accelerated through thermal and centrifugal stress cycles or micro crack propagation of the resin coating. This investigation guides through the approach of nonlinear detection, and characterization and gives suggestions on how to linearize such systems.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Control Deficits and Compensatory Mechanisms in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability During Dual-Task Stair-to-Ground Transition

Gusztáv Fekete Dong Sun Yang Song Xuanzhen Cen Datao Xu Yilin Zhong Lei Tu Xiaopan Hu Monèm Jemni

Publication Name: Bioengineering

Publication Date: 2025-10-01

Volume: 12

Issue: 10

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

(1) Background: Chronic ankle instability (CAI), a common outcome of ankle sprains, involves recurrent sprains, balance deficits, and gait impairments linked to both peripheral and central neuromuscular dysfunction. Dual-task (DT) demands further aggravate postural control, especially during stair descent, a major source of fall-related injuries. Yet the biomechanical mechanisms of stair-to-ground transition in CAI under dual-task conditions remain poorly understood. (2) Methods: Sixty individuals with CAI and age- and sex-matched controls performed stair-to-ground transitions under single- and dual-task conditions. Spatiotemporal gait parameters, center of pressure (COP) metrics, ankle inversion angle, and relative joint work contributions (Ankle%, Knee%, Hip%) were obtained using 3D motion capture, a force plate, and musculoskeletal modeling. Correlation and regression analyses assessed the relationships between ankle contributions, postural stability, and proximal joint compensations. (3) Results: Compared with the controls, the CAI group demonstrated marked control deficits during the single task (ST), characterized by reduced gait speed, increased step width, elevated mediolateral COP root mean square (COP-ml RMS), and abnormal ankle inversion and joint kinematics; these impairments were exacerbated under DT conditions. Individuals with CAI exhibited a significantly reduced ankle plantarflexion moment and energy contribution (Ankle%), accompanied by compensatory increases in knee and hip contributions. Regression analyses indicated that Ankle% significantly predicted COP-ml RMS and gait speed (GS), highlighting the pivotal role of ankle function in maintaining dynamic stability. Furthermore, CAI participants adopted a “posture-first” strategy under DT, with concurrent deterioration in gait and cognitive performance, reflecting strong reliance on attentional resources. (4) Conclusions: CAI involves global control deficits, including distal insufficiency, proximal compensation, and an inefficient energy distribution, which intensify under dual-task conditions. As the ankle is central to lower-limb kinetics, its dysfunction induces widespread instability. Rehabilitation should therefore target coordinated lower-limb training and progressive dual-task integration to improve motor control and dynamic stability.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering12101120

One succeeds and the other fails? Criminal justice in times of emergency

Peter Vaczi

Publication Name: Frontiers in Political Science

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 7

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The Government has declared a state of emergency for the whole territory of Hungary for a period of 210 days from 1 November 2022 in view of the armed conflict and humanitarian disaster in Ukraine and to avert and manage the consequences of such conflicts in Hungary. Under the rules of emergency legislation, the Government is thus once again in a constitutional position to suspend the application of certain laws, derogate from statutory provisions and take other extraordinary measures. On the basis of this authorization, Government Decree 3/2023 (I. 12.) on the different application of certain provisions concerning the execution of sentences during a state of emergency was adopted at the beginning of the year, according to which, upon the request of a non-Hungarian convict, the national commander of the penitentiary system shall suspend the execution of the sentence until the transfer of the sentence, provided that certain conditions are met and there are no grounds for exclusion. Based on a detailed analysis of the legislation, it can be concluded that in practice this may also mean the remission of the remaining part of the sentence, since the receiving foreign state must ensure the enforcement of the sentence under Hungarian rules, but it is questionable whether this will be done. This outcome, however, runs counter to the fundamental principle of criminal justice, the principle of proportionate punishment, as it discriminates between offenders based on nationality. How compatible is this solution with the fundamental principles of the rule of law, such as non-discrimination or the principle of the obligation to be punished?

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2025.1511739

Single-stroke character recognition with fuzzy method

János Botzheim A. Tormási

Publication Name: Studies in Computational Intelligence

Publication Date: 2013-01-01

Volume: 417

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 27-46

Description:

In this paper an on-line single-stroke recognition method based on fuzzy logic is introduced. Each of the characters is defined by only one nine dimensional fuzzy rule. In addition to the low resource requirement the solution is able to satisfy many of the user's current demands in handwriting recognizers, like speed and learning. Eight of the nine features are extracted using a four-by-four grid. For the learning phase we designed a new punish/reward bacterial evolutionary algorithm which tunes the character parameters represented by fuzzy sets. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-28959-0_2

Extended Solution of a Trimmed Vehicle Finite Element Model in the Mid-Frequency Range

Dániel Feszty Jonathan Jacqmot Antoine Guellec Markus Brandstetter David Sipos

Publication Name: SAE Technical Papers

Publication Date: 2020-09-30

Volume: Unknown

Issue: 2020

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The acoustic trim components play an essential role in Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) behavior by reducing both the structure borne and airborne noise transmission while participating to the absorption inside the car and the damping of the structure. Over the past years, the interest for numerical solutions to predict the noise including trim effects in mid-frequency range has grown, leading to the development of dedicated CAE tools. Finite Element (FE) models are an established method to analyze NVH problems. FE analysis is a robust and versatile approach that can be used for a large number of applications, like noise prediction inside and outside the vehicle due to different sources or pass-by noise simulation. Typically, results feature high quality correlations. However, future challenges, such as electric motorized vehicles, with changes of the motor noise spectrum, will require an extension of the existing approaches. In this paper, the vibro-acoustic frequency response of an existing MSC Nastran FE model is extended using the Actran Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) approach, Virtual SEA. In Virtual SEA, the necessary information required to build the SEA system is extracted from the FE models. The fluid-structure Coupling Loss Factors (CLF) are computed through the Statistical modal Energy distribution Analysis (SmEdA) method. This method is a suitable candidate to account for acoustic trim effects based on analytical approach. The case studied consists of a trimmed body car model transfer function calculation. The result of the case study is an extensive correlation study containing measured and simulated transfer functions in low and mid-frequency range. Simulation results are derived from two approaches, FE method and Virtual SEA method.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.4271/2020-01-1549

Health and Performance Challenges in the Era of Human Enhancement: Insights from Sport Medicine Professionals

Emin Ergen Francisco Arroyo Mourad Ghrairi Ana V. Cintrón Petra Zupet Marcelo Bichels Leitão Umutcan Kayikci Daniel Arkader Kopile Fabio Pigozzi Chiara Fossati Pedro Manonelles Anca Ionescu Bernd Wolfarth José Antonio Casajús Borja Muniz-Pardos Roberto Lohn Nahon Malav Shroff Luigi Di Luigi Alessia Di Gianfrancesco Kirill Micallef Stafrace Metin Ergün William O. Roberts Julio Motta-Pensabene Rüdiger Reer Konstantinos Natsis Andrew Jowett Victoriya Badtieva Norbert Bachl Jürgen Steinacker Sergio Migliorini Maher Zahar Mark Stuart Demitri Constantinou Dina CJanse van Rensburg James Bilzon Ke Hu Christian Schneider Mark R. Hutchinson Camille Tooth Sandra Rozenštoka Minhao Xie Giuseppe Massazza Andrea Petróczi Michael Geistlinger Iain Killoughery Bülent Ülkar Felix Albuquerque Drummond Bertrand Fincoeur Yannis Pitsiladis Klaus Michael Braumann Anna Jegier Bruno Di Pietro Khaled Massoud Hassan José Kawazoe Lazzoli Jane Seto Xavier Bigard André Debruyne Theodora Papadopoulou Jean François Kaux Clea Hadjistephanou Papaellina Peter Baumgartl Peter Baumgartl

Publication Name: Sports Medicine

Publication Date: 2025-10-01

Volume: 55

Issue: 10

Page Range: 2627-2640

Description:

Background: In the pursuit of sporting success, some elite athletes prioritise peak performance over long-term health, frequently resulting in significant and enduring health consequences. The Enhanced Games (TEG) position themselves as a bold experiment in transhumanism, advocating for the use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), including methods banned by World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), to push the boundaries of human athletic potential. Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the perspectives of sport physicians, sport scientists, physiotherapists and other allied healthcare professionals on treating and supporting “enhanced athletes”, with the view of informing future guidelines. Methods: Participants were invited via email and personal contacts within sport medicine communities to complete a brief anonymous survey via QuestionPro™. Descriptive statistics were performed using Excel™ and RStudio™. Results: A total of 323 healthcare professionals responded (82% were sport physicians), among whom 74% expressed a willingness to treat acute lesions and/or chronic diseases in “enhanced athletes”. In comparison, a considerable minority (30%) expressed support for assisting athletes in their use of PEDs and methods under medically supervised conditions, with high consistency across professional roles. A relatively high readiness was observed in sport physicians treating acute (77% versus 58%; p < 0.01) and chronic (75% versus 63%; p = 0.11) diseases for “enhanced athletes”. As far as WADA rules and/or national anti-doping laws apply, this support presupposes compliance with the code and the respective national laws to protect physicians from serious professional, legal and personal consequences. Conclusion: The preliminary findings align with the broader goal of fostering a sport culture that values both peak performance and the short- and long-term health of all participants. These results emphasise the necessity of implementing professional guidelines and comprehensive support systems designed to safeguard the long-term well-being of all athletes and underscore the urgent need for further research into the impact of TEG on sport and its community.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s40279-025-02258-7

Investigation of Silicone Contamination in Tribometer Experiments Using FT-IR and XPS Technology †

Dominika Pintér Márkó Kovács

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 113

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

During tribometer experiments, the condition of the applied lubricants plays a crucial role in determining friction and wear properties. Oil degradation can significantly influence measurement outcomes, making it essential to understand the chemical changes that may occur during tribometric experiments. The objective of this study is to systematically investigate the source of silicone contamination and its temperature dependence. Tribometer experiments were conducted at 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 °C, followed by FT-IR spectroscopy to analyze the lubricant after each measurement. Additionally, wear scars were examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the presence of silicone within the surface layers. To assess potential alternative contamination sources, a single-drop system was employed, which excludes tubing, thereby providing a controlled environment to verify the origin of the silicone peaks. The results of this study are expected to enhance the reliability of tribometer measurements by identifying contamination sources and optimizing the experimental setup.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2025113069

Personalized learning opportunity in 3D VR

Ildiko Horvath

Publication Name: 11th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications Coginfocom 2020 Proceedings

Publication Date: 2020-09-23

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 425-430

Description:

Result of modern digital age, the concept of Personal Learning Environments (PLEs) are becoming more relevant in today's academic world. Personalization is needed to make a product or service or an educational environment more endearing to the target audience, and this is especially true for VR Learning. The paper examines the learning effectiveness connecting to the personalized learning content with the participation of 90 students. The personalized VR education was based on an examination of students' learning type and attribute. In the experiment, the same curricula is compared when executed using audio, visual or reading type of learning content. To determine the learning style of students, the Kolb's learning test were applied. Tests show that the users were able to complete the tests with at least 20% effectiveness, if the learning materials fits their learning type.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CogInfoCom50765.2020.9237895