Agoston Winkler

31767794600

Publications - 10

Key Performance Indicators for Evaluating Electric Buses in Public Transport Operations

Agoston Winkler Balázs Horváth Xiao Li

Publication Name: Vehicles

Publication Date: 2025-06-01

Volume: 7

Issue: 2

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The evaluation of electric buses used in public transportation operations encompasses several critical factors that directly influence the operational efficiency, as well as the economic viability, environmental advantages, and user experience. Energy consumption is a critical metric for assessing the energy efficiency of electric buses. It facilitates a better understanding of vehicle performance across varying road conditions and advances the implementation of energy-saving solutions. The passenger demand model is a tool used to assess the quality and experience of electric buses, with the assessment being based on real usage. The operational mileage is defined as the driving distance of electric buses on a single charge. This parameter has a significant impact on both urban coverage and route optimization. The article under consideration identifies evaluation indicators for electric buses. These indicators are derived from a set of 100 questionnaire responses, which were collected in Győr, Hungary. The classification of the indicators into three segments—mechanical, operational and bus transportation system—is proposed, with the underlying rationale and significance of each indicator’s selection being elucidated. The findings indicate that this component is essential for developing a comprehensive evaluation system for electric buses and serves as a solid foundation for more intricate future studies.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/vehicles7020058

Assessing the Sustainability of Electric and Hybrid Buses: A Life Cycle Assessment Approach to Energy Consumption in Usage

Agoston Winkler Balázs Horváth Xiao Li

Publication Name: Energies

Publication Date: 2025-03-01

Volume: 18

Issue: 6

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The global adoption of battery electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) as a substitute for internal combustion engine cars (ICEs) in various nations offers a substantial opportunity to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from land transportation. EVs are fitted with an energy conversion system that efficiently converts stored energy into propulsion, referred to as “tank-to-wheel (TTW) conversion”. Battery-electric vehicles have a significant advantage in that their exhaust system does not produce any pollutants. This hypothesis is equally relevant to public transport. Despite their higher upfront cost, electric buses contribute significantly to environmental sustainability during their operation. This study aimed to evaluate the environmental sustainability of electric buses during their operational phase by utilizing the life cycle assessment (LCA) technique. This paper used the MATLAB R2021b code to ascertain the mean load of the buses during their operation. The energy consumption of battery electric and hybrid electric buses was evaluated using the WLTP Class 2 standard, which refers to vehicles with a power-to-mass ratio between 22 and 34 W/kg, overing four speed phases (low, medium, high, extra high) with speeds up to 131.3 km/h. The code was used to calculate the energy consumption levels for the complete test cycle. The code adopts an idealized rectangular blind box model, disregarding the intricate design of contemporary buses to streamline the computational procedure. Simulating realistic test periods of 1800 s resulted in an average consumption of 1.451 kWh per km for electric buses and an average of 25.3 L per 100 km for hybrid buses. Finally, through an examination of the structure of the Hungarian power system utilization, it was demonstrated that electrification is a more appropriate method for achieving the emission reduction goals during the utilization phase.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/en18061545

Role of Information (Internet) in the Route Choice at Sustainable Urban Public Transport

Agoston Winkler Balázs Horváth Viktor Nagy

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 217-222

Description:

The role of information is higher and higher in the modern society. It is the same in transportation, especially in urban environments. An increasing share of the world's population is living in urban environments, and the understanding of transport processes in this field is essential. To be able to produce a better public transport system, the decision-making process of the individual users must be understood. By helping them to make the right decision from the viewpoint of the whole urban society, a more sustainable system can be built up (through a more attractive public transport service, with fewer cars) with highly reduced chemical pollution. This paper deals with the issue of the helping force of collected information at the special decision of route choice. Five different scenarios will be described to show the power of information in individual decisions. As a basis, there is static information only (like a timetable). In the second case, there are only limited dynamic information sources (real-time user information at the bus stop), while in the third case, the possibilities of permanent dynamic information are considered on the real timetable with the help of IoT. In the final two cases, there is the assumption of a critical mass of IoT in the transportation system, like the passengers’ mobile phones and the vehicles themselves. This paper describes a novel theoretical framework. Quantitative and qualitative results are the subject of future work.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107037

Route Choice Preferences of Public Transport Passengers in Different Cities

Agoston Winkler

Publication Name: Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 23

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 420-428

Description:

In public transport network planning, it is essential to know the demands as well as the decision-making aspects of the passengers. A special timetable information and journey planning application has been developed and applied in 17 cities with different sizes and structures in North West Hungary since 2016 which is also able to collect and utilize the decisions of the users. Based on the collected real-life decision data, different logit models have been built for the different cities as well as for different age groups of the passengers. The examined variables are basically the time equivalents for transfers, walking and waiting phases of the journeys. This paper presents the main experiences of this project and the comparison of the decision models constructed so far. Results show clearly the differences between passenger layers of different cities and different ages in many cases, especially in larger cities where a higher amount of data is already available.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.55549/epstem.1371785

The Role of Public Transport in Transport Safety and Public Safety

Agoston Winkler Diána Sarolta Kiss

Publication Name: Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 23

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 505-512

Description:

Public transport has a significant role in sustainable urban transport including the reduction of congestion, noise and air pollution. The main purpose of this paper is to present other important impacts of public transport i.e., the improvement of transport safety and public safety, too. Public transport is one of the safest transport modes according to the indication numbers in traffic accident and injuries. This phenomenon is illustrated through literature research as well as statistical data. Further opportunities are presented with a case study based on the transport system of the city of Győr, especially the positive impacts of the possible expansion of night public transport services. The severity of traffic accidents at nights is significant, and the enhancement of public safety is outstanding. Marketing is one of the most important tools for attitude formation, the paper contains some suggestions in this regard as well as in order to promote the goals above.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.55549/epstem.1374907

Intelligent decision support technologies in public and individual transport

Agoston Winkler Balázs Horváth

Publication Name: Intelligent Decision Technologies

Publication Date: 2017-01-01

Volume: 11

Issue: 4

Page Range: 441-449

Description:

Intelligent decision technologies can support travelling as well as planning transport systems. Trip makers have to choose between transport modes and then plan the optimal route which depends on many factors e.g. journey time, walking distances, transfers, waiting times, price of the journey as well as the individual preferences of the trip maker. This paper gives an overview of decisions in both individual and public transport. Then it shows some examples how intelligent cognitive info-communications can support these decisions and how they can be built into passenger information services.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/IDT-170307

Application of cognitive infocommunications in public transport journey planning: Relationship of passenger decisions and online passenger information systems

Agoston Winkler Balázs Horváth

Publication Name: 6th IEEE Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications Coginfocom 2015 Proceedings

Publication Date: 2016-01-25

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 95-98

Description:

Cognitive sciences play an important role in public transport journey planning. Passengers have to determine the possible ways to get from one place to another at a specified time and then choose the best one. Their decisions depend on many factors e.g. journey time, walking distances, transfers, waiting times, price of the journey as well as the preferences of the passengers. This paper presents an innovative journey planning system which is able to handle as well as collect data about preferences of different passenger layers. The experiences show that passenger preferences at the beginning of the journey differ from the ones at the middle of the journey which implies that infocommunication applications used for passenger information and journey planning should consider these differences.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CogInfoCom.2015.7390571

Collecting public transport passenger preference data online

Agoston Winkler

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2010-08-01

Volume: 5

Issue: 2

Page Range: 119-126

Description:

Passenger preference analysis is an important area of transport modeling. Passengers value public transport journeys in several ways: their opinion depends on many factors. The relative importance of these features is often characteristic to certain passenger groups. Knowing the distribution of the passengers and their preferences makes it possible to improve transport models and simulation techniques. The paper provides an overview of existing revealed and stated preference analysis methods and the results of some former surveys carried out in Gyor, Hungary. Then it proposes a new method for detecting passenger preferences by integrating data collection into an online journey planning service.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/Pollack.5.2010.2.12

A new algorithm to determine optimal transfer opportunities in a public transport network

Agoston Winkler

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2009-08-01

Volume: 4

Issue: 2

Page Range: 135-143

Description:

Transfer opportunities play an important role in modeling public transport networks. Finding the optimal transfer locations is essential for providing valuable passenger information in order to support journey planning. Furthermore, using this information makes possible to accelerate general-purpose shortest path algorithms, making transit assignments more efficient. However, determining optimal transfer opportunities in a dense network is not an easy task. This paper presents the principles of a possible solution, and a new algorithm based on them, illustrated with actual examples. The algorithm has a polynomial complexity; therefore it can be used easily in practice.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/Pollack.4.2009.2.14

Computer-Aided Planning of Radial and Diameter Routes in Local Public Transport Networks

Agoston Winkler

Publication Name: Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 23

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 165-172

Description:

Local public transport network planning is a complex procedure affected by many aspects (e.g., city structure, travel needs, the budget for the service, vehicle types, service frequencies, timetable optimization of parallel routes etc.). Due to the high number of possible solutions, finding the optimum is usually a problem with NP computational complexity. Although an extensive toolkit is available for evaluating specific networks, the number of versions that can be realistically examined and compared is highly limited. This implies that the routine and creativity of the network planning specialists play an important role in the selection of the examined networks. However, in some special cases, the search space can be narrowed so that all network versions can be automatically generated and compared. This paper presents such a case: when applying radial and diameter routes only, the main question is which directions should be connected to each other as a diameter route, or left alone as a radial line. The algorithm is presented on the example of the city Győr.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.55549/epstem.1365754