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Found 6674 publications

IP Packet Forwarding Performance Comparison of the FD.io VPP and the Linux Kernel

Melinda Kosák Gabor Lencse

Publication Name: Infocommunications Journal

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 17

Issue: 2

Page Range: 35-44

Description:

There are numerous free software solutions for IPv4 or IPv6 packet forwarding. The Fast Data Project / Vector Packet Processing (FD.io VPP) is a novel and prominent solution. This paper investigates its performance and scalability compared to that of the Linux kernel. The investigation was conducted in accordance with the requirements outlined in the relevant Request for Comments (RFC) documents (RFC 2544, RFC 4814, and RFC 5180) using the siitperf measurement software. Two different test environments were used to eliminate the potential hardware-specific side effects and to gain insight into the performance and scalability of the IPv4 and IPv6 packet forwarding capability of the two investigated solutions. It was found that FD.io VPP outperformed the Linux kernel by approximately an order of magnitude. The configuration of FD.io VPP, along with the details of the measurements, are provided, and the results are presented and analyzed in the paper.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.36244/ICJ.2025.2.5

Microwave steam explosion and enzymatic hydrolysis of vine-branch

E. Lakatos V. Kapcsándi M. Neményi

Publication Name: Acta Alimentaria

Publication Date: 2018-09-01

Volume: 47

Issue: 4

Page Range: 443-452

Description:

Our research target was to utilise vine-branch, existing in huge amounts, for energetic purposes. During our experiments, microwave (MW) treatments of different powers (400-1600 W), pressures (1-5 bar), temperatures (120-180 °C), and treatment times (3-30 min) were applied to change the physical condition of vine-branch. After MW, enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) was used (85-100 h, 37 °C). In addition, beside MW, comparisons were made regarding various treatment methods: untreated (UTE), cooking plate (CP), and autoclave (AC), to determine to what extent they affect the final glucose yield. This yield can even further be increased by MW pre-treatment (50 W, 3-30 min, 40 °C) of the enzyme used during the hydrolysis, which reinforces the argument that enzyme activity can be increased by irradiation. A difference of 22.1% was detected among the glucose yield values in untreated and treated enzyme processes.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/066.2018.47.4.7

Towards Sustainability in the Automotive Industry – Circular Economic Practices of the Audi Group

Sándor Remsei Gabriella Imre

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 211-216

Description:

Circular Economy is an economic concept that aims to maximise resource efficiency and minimise waste generation by recycling, reusing, remanufacturing, and repairing products to extend their lifespan and extract maximum value from them. Historically, the automotive industry has not focused on sustainable practices. In the last decade, automotive manufacturers have increasingly adopted circular economy practices driven by a combination of environmental concerns, resource scarcity, regulatory pressures, consumer demand, and the pursuit of new business opportunities. By embracing circularity, the industry aims to reduce its environmental impact, optimise resource use, and build a more sustainable and resilient future. The paper provides a review to present the concept of circular economy and to evaluate its current state in the automotive industry. The case study aims to provide a glimpse into the initiatives and strategies being made by the Audi Group to become circular. The research is descriptive and includes mainly qualitative methods using a content analysis of corporate sustainability reports, websites, and interviews to gather data.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107036

Breakage test of railway ballast materials with new laboratory method

Szabolcs Fischer

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering

Publication Date: 2017-10-24

Volume: 61

Issue: 4

Page Range: 794-802

Description:

This paper summarizes the results of a R&D work in 2014. Five different types of andesite railway ballast material with different LARB (%) (Los Angeles abrasion) as well as MDERB (%) (Micro-Deval abrasion) values were investigated in laboratory with pulsating test which models the real condition much better (the used parameters were determined accordance with international dynamic design method). Grain size distributions related to the five several aggregates were defined before and after pulsating tests. Particle breakages were then calculated by different method publicized in international literature. Relationships were searched between particle breakages due to laboratory test and LARB (%) as well as MDERB (%) values of railway ballast samples. Time interval (cycle) of ballast cleaning work were attempted to compute with help of special parameters used by Hungarian and other railway companies underlined the limits of calculation method. Finally recommendations were formulated related to use of this new laboratory test method for estimation of ballast particle breakage.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPci.8549

Enhanced discrete bacterial memetic evolutionary algorithm - An efficacious metaheuristic for the traveling salesman optimization

Péter Földesi Boldizsár Tüű-Szabó László T. Kóczy

Publication Name: Information Sciences

Publication Date: 2018-09-01

Volume: 460-461

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 389-400

Description:

In this paper we present a novel universal metaheuristic, Discrete Bacterial Memetic Evolutionary Algorithm (DBMEA), which is based on the combination of the Bacterial Evolutionary Algorithm and local search techniques, used for solving NP-hard optimization problems. The algorithm was tested on a series of symmetric Traveling Salesman Problems (TSP) and Traveling Salesman Problem with time windows (TSPTW) benchmarks. The size of the symmetric TSP benchmarks went up to 5 000 cities. In all cases the DBMEA algorithm produced optimal or near-optimal solutions and the difference from the known best values was within 0.16%. While for large size problems it was much faster than the Concorde solver, it was found to be slower compared to the Helsgaun-Lin-Kernighan heuristic, which is the most efficient TSP solver method. With some slight modifications the same algorithm was also tested on TSP with time windows (TSPTW) benchmark instances. In most cases the DBMEA procedure found the known best solutions, and it was again the second fastest method compared with the state-of-the-art techniques for the TSPTW. DBMEA is called efficacious because it is a universal method. It can be efficiently applied to various NP-hard optimization problems and, as in all cases, it results in the optimal or a very near-optimal solutions, while its runtime is very predictable in terms of the size of the problem, and the topology of the instance does not affect its runtime significantly. Even though heuristics developed for a particular type of problem might perform better for that restricted class, our novel method proposed here is universally applicable and may be deployed successfully for optimizing other discreet NP-hard graph search and optimization problems as well.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.ins.2017.09.069

Generalization capability of neural networks based on fuzzy operators

László Gál Rita Lovassy László T. Kóczy

Publication Name: Applied and Computational Mathematics

Publication Date: 2011-01-01

Volume: 10

Issue: 2

Page Range: 340-355

Description:

This paper discusses the generalization capability of neural networks based on various fuzzy operators introduced earlier by the authors as Fuzzy Flip-Flop based Neural Networks (FNNs), in comparison with standard (e.g. tansig function based, MATLAB Neural Network Toolbox type) networks in the frame of simple function approximation problems. Various fuzzy neurons, one of them based on a pair of new fuzzy intersection and union, and several other selected well known fuzzy operators (£ukasiewicz and Dombi operators) combined with standard negation have been proposed as suitable for the construction of novel FNNs. We briefly present the sigmoid function generators derived from fuzzy J-K and D flip-flops. An advantage of such FNNs is their easy hardware implementability. The experimental results show that these FNNs provide rather good generalization performance, with far better mathematical stability than the standard tansig based neural networks and are more suitable to avoid overfitting in the case of test data containing noisy items in the form of outliers.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Evaluation of the physical, antioxidant, and organoleptic properties of biscuits fortified with edible flower powders

E. Lakatos Rita Székelyhidi Beatrix Sik Laura Hanna Gál Zsolt Ajtony

Publication Name: Food Science and Nutrition

Publication Date: 2024-05-01

Volume: 12

Issue: 5

Page Range: 3265-3272

Description:

Foods enriched with plants have gradually become an area of increasing research interest because plant ingredients may offer several positive effects on human health and the body. The aim of our study was to develop biscuits fortified with three different types of edible flowers (marigold, lavender, and rose) and examine their physical and antioxidant characteristics, as well as consumer acceptability. The antioxidant properties and characterization of biscuits highlighted that edible flowers may cause increased total polyphenol and total flavonoid yields, as well as DPPH radical scavenging activities. Concerning biscuits fortified with rose petals, the total monomer anthocyanin content was also raised. In addition, the results showed that the antioxidant properties of biscuits increased with increasing concentration (from 2.5% to 5.0%) of edible flowers. Despite this, the consumer acceptability results clearly showed that the addition of marigold and lavender at a concentration of 5.0% caused significantly decreased overall acceptance. We found that the fortification step may increase the spread ratio, which is an important quality attribute of biscuits. We found slight variations in the diameter, thickness, and baking loss parameters of fortified biscuits compared to the control. All in all, the best results were obtained when the biscuits were fortified with rose petals at a concentration of 5%.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3993

Elasto-Plastic Analysis of Two-Way Reinforced Concrete Slabs Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Laminates

Zahraa Saleem Sharhan R. M. Movahedi

Publication Name: Computation

Publication Date: 2024-05-01

Volume: 12

Issue: 5

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study explores a technique for enhancing the punching strength of reinforced concrete (RC) flat slabs, namely carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). Four large-scale RC flat slabs were fabricated, to assess the efficacy of this strengthening method. One slab served as a reference and the three other specimens were strengthened with CFRP, as a method of external strengthening. These slabs, featuring identical overall dimensions and flexural steel reinforcement, underwent testing until failure, under the influence of concentrated patch loads. A concrete plastic damage constitutive model (CDP) was developed and employed to examine the strength of two-way RC slabs. Additionally, to enhance the strength of existing RC slabs, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips are affixed to the tension surface of the sections. The research begins with the calibration of a numerical model, based on data from laboratory tests. The objective of this study is to constrain the plastic behavior of two-way RC slabs reinforced with CFRP, with a focus on establishing an optimal elasto-plastic analysis, aimed at controlling concrete damage plasticity using CFRP, and employing a plastic limit load multiplier. Subsequently, a series of numerical simulations, incorporating different variables, are conducted to investigate shear behavior. The numerical results indicate that an increase in the strengthening ratio has a significant impact on shear strength. Finite element simulations are carried out using Abaqus CAE®/2018.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/computation12050093

Preface II

Vikas Sharma Attila Kurucz Ewelina Idziak Vikas Sharma José Braga de Vasconcelos

Publication Name: World Sustainability Series

Publication Date: 2026-01-01

Volume: Part F1269

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: ix

Description:

No description provided

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available