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Found 6278 publications

Bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance patterns: a comprehensive analysis of health dynamics across regions in Pakistan (2013-2023)

D. U. Ozsahin Y. Waheed U. Saeed R. Tahir Z. Z. Piracha R. Uppal M. N. Tariq A. A. Khan M. S. Uppal Z. Ali D. U. Ozsahin M. Rehan Uppal Z. Ali

Publication Name: Brazilian Journal of Biology

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 85

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant public health concern globally, and Pakistan is no exception. The misuse and overuse of antibiotics, inadequate regulation of their sale, and a lack of awareness contribute to the rising levels of AMR in the country. study presents a detailed analysis of blood and urine samples collected in Pakistan over various periods, focusing on pathogen prevalence, gender distribution, and age-wise patterns. From January 2013 to 2017, the North region exclusively contributed to the blood sample dataset, with Salmonella emerging as the primary pathogen, particularly affecting infants and neonates. Subsequently, from January 2017 to December 2020, a significant dataset emerged from the North and Punjab regions, with Salmonella and E.coli prevalent across all age groups, notably impacting adults and infants. In the period from January 2021 to the present, blood samples predominantly originated from the North and Punjab regions, with Salmonella and E.coli remaining significant pathogens, affecting adults and the elderly. Regarding urine samples, from January 2013 to December 2017, E.coli was the dominant pathogen, with females showing a higher susceptibility to urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly among the elderly. Similarly, from January 2017 to December 2020, E.coli remained predominant, with UTIs more prevalent in females and the elderly. In the most recent period, the North region significantly contributed to UTI cases, with E.coli remaining predominant and females exhibiting a higher susceptibility, especially among the elderly. This comprehensive analysis provides crucial insights into the epidemiology of blood and urinary tract infections in Pakistan, informing public health strategies and interventions aimed at addressing these health challenges.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.285605

Analysis and design of piles for dynamic loading

Ákos Wolf Richard P. Ray

Publication Name: 18th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Challenges and Innovations in Geotechnics Icsmge 2013

Publication Date: 2013-01-01

Volume: 4

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 2839-2842

Description:

With the acceptance of Eurocode 8 in Hungary a new level of seismic design is now necessary. This paper outlines some of the past history and present implementation of foundation design for seismic loading as practiced in Hungary. It shortly describes the possibilities of modeling foundations (fix support, linear elastic support, non-linear elastic support) during the design of the superstructure, and introduces the Hungarian practice. The influence of the different support's methods for the bearing forces/stresses of a superstructure is analyzed on a typical reinforced concrete office building using SAP2000 finite element software. The results of the calculation are compared through the moment of a column, the deflection and the support reaction.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Co-composting with herbal wastes: Potential effects of essential oil residues on microbial pathogens during composting

E. Lakatos Babett Greff Jenő Szigeti László Varga

Publication Name: Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 51

Issue: 5

Page Range: 457-511

Description:

Because of the increasing use of herbal essential oils (EO) in pharmacology, medicine, and food processing, global EO production grows at a rapid rate, generating large amounts of plant residues worldwide. The use of herbal residues for co-composting with various wastes offers a novel option for eco-friendly and cost effective waste management. However, the biologically active compounds remaining in the herb residues may affect microbial activity in the composting biomass, thereby influencing final compost quality. In this review, we summarize and evaluate current literature on the occurrence and survival of pathogens in composts, the beneficial effects of using herbal residues as bulking agents, and the potential antipathogenic effects of six herb species belonging to the Lamiaceae family as follows: lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and sage (Salvia officinalis L.).

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2020.1732780

Effect of Self-driving Buses on Vehicle Scheduling

Balázs Horváth Viktor Nagy

Publication Name: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 1278

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 21-29

Description:

We are more and more close to the time when a higher number of autonomous vehicles are appearing in road traffic. The number of unanswered questions does not diminish but grow. One such issue is the role of autonomous vehicles in public transport. When talking about autonomous vehicles we often think of only cars and we think less about self-driving buses. But the economic potential inherent in autonomous buses is huge. In the Hungarian vehicle and crew scheduling practice (and also in other countries) the one driver-one vehicle control is typical. This method closely links the vehicles and the drivers. Vehicles should therefore adapt to the rest time of the crew and the employment rules. Unused reserves are generated in the system. Autonomous vehicles can release this overcapacity. Thanks to that, fewer vehicles can carry out public transport tasks and we can save extra rides. It also provides a solution to the lack of drivers, which is a basic problem in many countries. In our study we show the reserves that can be recovered from the system in the case of three Hungarian cities (Eger, Dunaújváros, Győr). We show how much savings can be achieved by running autonomous buses in European cities with a population of 45 000, 54 000 and 130 000 inhabitants. The results are promising. In smaller cities we could achieve about 20% of economical savings but in bigger cities 40% is also realistic. Our statements are based on only rough calculations and they try to help in preparation for the future.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-61075-3_3

Phase-field modeling of polycrystalline solidification: From needle crystals to spherulites - A review

Attila Szállás László Környei László Rátkai Bálint Korbuly Tamás Pusztai László Gránásy Gyula I. Tóth

Publication Name: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science

Publication Date: 2014-01-01

Volume: 45

Issue: 4

Page Range: 1694-1719

Description:

Advances in the orientation-field-based phase-field (PF) models made in the past are reviewed. The models applied incorporate homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation of growth centers and several mechanisms to form new grains at the perimeter of growing crystals, a phenomenon termed growth front nucleation. Examples for PF modeling of such complex polycrystalline structures are shown as impinging symmetric dendrites, polycrystalline growth forms (ranging from disordered dendrites to spherulitic patterns), and various eutectic structures, including spiraling two-phase dendrites. Simulations exploring possible control of solidification patterns in thin films via external fields, confined geometry, particle additives, scratching/piercing the films, etc. are also displayed. Advantages, problems, and possible solutions associated with quantitative PF simulations are discussed briefly. © 2013 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s11661-013-1988-0

Wear Scar Classification with Convolutional Neural Network

András Lajos Nagy Zsolt Tabakov

Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 1345 LNNS

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 13-20

Description:

This article categorizes the wear features of ball-on-disc type specimens into two classes using a Tensorflow Convolutional Neural Network network. The convolutional neural network is employed for image classification, specifically in the field of tribology, involving surface analysis and wear characterization.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-87620-2_2

Hierarchical spiral discovery networks for multi-layered exploration-exploitation tradeoffs

None Csapó

Publication Name: Acta Polytechnica Hungarica

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 1

Page Range: 63-76

Description:

The Spiral Discovery Network (SDN) was recently proposed as a tool for automated parametric optimization based on the Spiral Discovery Method. SDN can be seen as a heuristic optimization approach that offers tradeoffs between exploration and exploitation without hav- ing recourse to explicit gradient-based feedback information (unlike classical neural networks) and without requiring hand-coded representations of metaheuristic constructs such as genotypes (unlike genetic algorithms). In this paper, the properties of the SDN model are further explored, and two extensions to the model are proposed. The first extension corrects a shortcoming of the original model and has to do with the assignment of credit among different output components based on the most recent performance of the model at any given time. The second extension con- sists of using multiple SDN cells in a hierarchical architecture, which enables a fuller and more effective exploration of the parametric space. The improvements provided by the two extensions are validated on the same set of simulations discussed in earlier work.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.12700/APH.16.1.2019.1.4

Anchoring Bias in Generative AI: A Comparative Analysis of Large Language Models in a Pricing Scenario

Boglárka Eisingerné Balassa Réka Koteczki

Publication Name: 2025 IEEE 16th International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications Coginfocom 2025

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 115-120

Description:

Generative artificial intelligence systems are increasingly appearing in decision-support processes, so it is essential to address the extent to which these models are prone to human-like cognitive biases. This study investigates whether anchoring bias can be detected in large language models in a simulated market decision-making situation where the AI's task was to determine the launch price of a new smartwatch. In the experimental setup, five different generative AI models (GPT-4o, GPT-4.5, Gemini 2.5 Pro, Grok 3 Beta, Sonar) were tested with low and high numerical anchor values. For each model, 20 runs were performed under both conditions (a total of 200 queries), and the results were analyzed using an independent sample t-test and an anchoring index. Based on the results, the GPT-4o model showed significant anchoring bias (AnI=13.12%), while in the case of GPT-4.5, this was more moderate (AnI =5.67%). The responses of the other models were completely consistent, with a standard deviation of 0 and no changes observed between different anchoring conditions. The hypothesis tests confirmed that the anchoring effect is not universally characteristic, but rather a model-dependent behavioral peculiarity. The study contributes to the measurement of bias sensitivity in artificial intelligence and to the development of a possible future behavioral benchmark. The practical significance of the research is that it draws attention to the fact that individual models may be sensitive to irrelevant numerical contexts, which can lead to biased results in business decisions. Therefore, for companies, not only language performance but also this type of bias profile may be an important consideration when selecting and deploying generative AI systems.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CogInfoCom66819.2025.11200816

Effect of junction type on the vibroacoustic response of a system of plates

Dániel Feszty Marcell Treszkai

Publication Name: Proceedings of Inter Noise 2021 2021 International Congress and Exposition of Noise Control Engineering

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Modelling of junctions is one of the most challenging tasks in vibroacoustics, especially for Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA), where the results heavily depend on the damping (DLF) and coupling loss factors (CLF). Also, it is an interesting question to determine that to what extent does the DLF or CLF contribute to the overall vibroacoustic characteristics of a structure? The aim of this paper is to investigate via measurements and SEA simulations the effect of the ratio of DLF and CLF on the response of a system for various junctions, such as riveting, bolting, line and point welding, between two steel plates. Loss matrices are determined experimentally by the Power Injection Method in the 200-1600 Hz frequency range. The simulation was performed in the ESI VA One software by using its analytical CLF formulations and compared to experimental data. For the reference case, a bended plate structure was considered, representing an ideal junction between two subsystems. This was equipped with damping foils to ensure the same weight and then compared to the results from other joints. Results showed that increasing the CLF could be more effective than focusing on increasing the DLF.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3397/IN-2021-2565