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Found 6383 publications

How the Influence of Psychoactive Substances Impacts the Road Safety of Drivers †

I. Lakatos Emese Sánta Gábor Patocskai Petra Szűcs

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 113

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

In Hungary, the consumption of any alcoholic beverage before driving is illegal. A person is considered drunk if they have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.5 g per liter or more. The situation regarding drug use is also disappointing. This research analyses these effects on transport and their “outcome” by evaluating analyses based on police data, driver training data, and experimental data. The research aims to further raise awareness of the public health importance of this problem through a case–control study. Descriptive and correlational, statistical calculations were performed with a significance value of p < 0.05. Between 2019 and 2023, there were 10–13.000 drunk driving offenses and 1.000–1.300 drunk-driving accidents on the roads each year, most of which occurred in the capital and caused minor injuries. The results will be used to discover synergies to improve road safety.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2025113033

Quantifying Geotechnical Uncertainty in Ground Motion Predictions: Bayesian Generalized Linear Model Framework

Clara Beatrice Vilceanu Ayele Chala Mais Mayassah Richard P. Ray

Publication Name: Advances in Civil Engineering

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 2025

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Accurate prediction of peak ground intensity measures is inevitably influenced by geotechnical variability. Variations in soil properties, subsurface conditions, and seismic inputs introduce complexities that challenge the reliability of predictions. This study introduces a Bayesian generalized linear model (GLM) to probabilistically predict peak ground acceleration (PGA) while accounting for uncertainties associated with geotechnical variability. Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) was employed to generate synthetic datasets of key geotechnical parameters, including plasticity index, shear wave velocity, soil thickness, input motion intensity, and unit weight of soil for hypothetical sites. Subsequently, a series of one-dimensional equivalent linear (1D-EQL) seismic site response analyses were performed, and PGA value at ground surface level were recorded for each analysis. The Bayesian GLM was then developed using these comprehensive datasets to probabilistically predict PGA. The performance and reliability of the developed model were evaluated on a separate test dataset. To benchmark its performance, a Bayesian neural network (BNN) was also developed and compared. In addition, a Shiny-based graphical user interface (GUI), named Bayes-PGA-predictor, was implemented to facilitate practical application. The findings demonstrate that the Bayesian GLM offers a robust and interpretable approach to predicting PGA while effectively quantifying uncertainty associated with geotechnical variability.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1155/adce/6678669

The Role of Fintech in Promoting Sustainable Blue Economy

Bharti Kapur Attila Kurucz Komalpreet Kaur

Publication Name: World Sustainability Series

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: Part F794

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 1-20

Description:

The sustainable blue economy lays a strong emphasis on utilising ocean resources responsibly in order to enhance livelihoods, preserve ecosystem health, and grow the economy. Financial technology, or fintech, has emerged as a major enabler, offering creative ways to eliminate financial gaps, enhance monitoring, and more efficiently manage ocean resources. In this chapter discusses how fintech may stimulate sustainable growth in the blue economy by concentrating on key issues including transparent resource management, scalable investment mechanisms, and inclusive financial systems. This chapter presents a conceptual framework for addressing economic, environmental, and social issues by fusing sustainable marine practices with technological advancements like blockchain, artificial intelligence, and the internet of things. Fintech’s practical implications in advancing sustainability are demonstrated through in-depth case studies, such as blockchain for Indonesian fisheries and crowdfunding for the restoration of coral reefs in the Caribbean. It also focuses on practical policy recommendations for incorporating fintech into nationally and globally blue economy strategies, like developing regulatory framework and strengthening cross-sector collaborations. The chapter concludes by highlighting fintech’s critical role in promoting sustainability, inclusion, and resilience in ocean-based economies, widening up opportunities for the accomplishment of more general sustainable development goals.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-92390-6_1

Comparative Analysis of Discrete-Time and Precedence-Based MILP Formulations for Sustainable Scheduling in Furniture Manufacturing

Botond Bertok Károly Kalauz Márton Frits

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 121

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 151-156

Description:

Efficient production scheduling plays a pivotal role in enhancing productivity and reducing energy consumption in mass manufacturing environments. This study presents a comparative evaluation of two mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulations - Discrete-Time Process Network Synthesis (PNS) and Precedence-Based Time-Constrained Process Network Synthesis (TCPNS) - for optimizing production scheduling in furniture manufacturing. Both approaches are grounded in the P-graph framework, which excels at representing complex, flexible process recipes commonly found in large-scale production systems. The TCPNS model, with its precedence-based structure, offers high-resolution scheduling capabilities and accurately manages complex changeover constraints. It enables the computation of exact start times and resource allocations, leading to highly optimized schedules. However, this precision comes with increased computational demand, which can become impractical for large-scale instances. Conversely, the PNS approach discretizes the planning horizon into time slots, significantly reducing model size and complexity. While this may result in less granular schedules, the formulation allows for faster solution times and easier integration of combinatorial simplifications, making it a practical alternative for real-time applications. The research also explores automated model generation techniques for both formulations, highlighting multi-resolution capabilities in the discrete-time approach that allow flexible trade-offs between accuracy and computational effort. A real-life case study from the furniture manufacturing sector is used to benchmark the two optimization strategies. The results demonstrate the practical implications of each method in terms of schedule precision, computational performance, and energy-aware utilization, i.e., if minute-to-minute scheduling is sufficient instead of milliseconds, then traditional PNS algorithms can offer the same sustainable solution with 10,000 times faster computation.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET25121026

Application of Spectroscopic Techniques in Heavy Metal Analysis for Meat Quality Assurance

Pavithra Hemachandra G. K.P. Hemachandra

Publication Name: Ceylon Journal of Science

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Page Range: 507-514

Description:

Quality assurance is a critical aspect of human food. Meat is one of the major high-quality protein suppliers to the human body and plays an essential role in our daily meals. With industrialization, heavy metals became major food contaminants leading to serious health risks. FAAS (Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry), GFAAS (Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry), ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) and ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry) are analytical methods that promise consumer safety by ensuring quality assurance of meat and meat products with their accurate and reliable analytical capacity. Their characteristics may vary with their theory of analysis and advancement of applied technology. Dry ashing, wet digestion, microwave-assisted digestion, and ultrasonic extraction like different sample preparation techniques or direct analysis after slurry preparation like simple sample preparation, are involved with spectroscopic analytical methods to prevent the sample matrix effect. These methods are validated based on parameters such as LOD (Limit of Detection), LOQ (Limit of Quantification), recovery %, relative standard deviation, and characteristic mass to ensure their reliability.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.4038/cjs.v54i2.8573

The mediating effect of farmer’s knowledge on the relationship between agricultural services, skills acquisition and food security

Laszlo Vasa Md Billal Hossain Nassar Samia Éva Zsuzsanna Tóth Naárné

Publication Name: Environment Development and Sustainability

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Enhancing productivity, income, and food security requires agricultural services and skill development, especially in vulnerable areas like the Gaza Strip where farmers constantly confront obstacles. With an emphasis on the mediating function of farmers' knowledge, this study investigates the connections among household food security, skill development, and agricultural services. 379 farmers in the Gaza Strip were surveyed using a quantitative methodology. In order to examine the direct and indirect effects of agricultural services and skills on food security outcomes, data were gathered using structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS software. The findings show that farmers' knowledge and levels of food security are greatly and favorably impacted by agricultural services. It was discovered that having access to financial support, technical help, and agricultural inputs improved farmers' ability to provide food for their families. Additionally, learning agricultural skills helped farmers become more knowledgeable, which enhanced the results of food security. These results demonstrate how knowledge acts as a mediator in converting training and services into noticeable increases in livelihoods. The study comes to the conclusion that two important ways to improve food security in the Gaza Strip are to invest in skill development and to boost agricultural services. To optimize the impact on household resilience and food security, policymakers and development practitioners are urged to create interventions that include technical assistance, input provision, and capacity-building initiatives.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s10668-025-07005-6

Community transport experiences, in connection with diesel-LPG mixed operation buses belonging to the category of heavy vehicles

I. Lakatos

Publication Name: International Journal of Heavy Vehicle Systems

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 32

Issue: 2

Page Range: 137-162

Description:

Various international literature sources and papers address the issue of the theoretical implementation of using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) gas as catalyst material injected into the carburetor system of diesel engines and its positive impact on the characteristic features of the engine and its emission. In Europe, for example, Landi-Renzo, one of the biggest Italian companies dealing with traditional gas systems, is developing a compressed natural gas (CNG)-diesel system. The present paper outlines the operational characteristics of a diesel-LPG dual operating system based on our own experiments and measurements which have been carried out on the transformed buses of the Southern Transdanubian Transportation Centre (DDKK, Hungary). In the process of evaluation two aspects were taken into consideration: the impact on emission and that on fuel consumption. Of course, the tests can be extended to wider areas, which take into account both vehicle structures and the environment (Palkovics and El-Gindy, 1993; Palkovics et al., 1996; Shokouhfar et al., 2016).

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1504/IJHVS.2025.145131

Effect of some myostatin (MSTN) variants on live weight and beef traits measured by ultrasound in Charolais candidate breeding bulls

Márton Török Szabolcs Bene Gabriella Holló Károly Tempfli Edit Mikó Tamás Csürhés Ferenc Szabó

Publication Name: Journal of Applied Animal Research

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 53

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study investigated the relationship between some ultrasound measurements, live weight data, and five (F94L, nt267, nt324, nt414 and Q204X) myostatin (MSTN) variants associated with beef production in Charolais cattle. A total of 390 Charolais candidate breeding bulls were weighed at birth (BIW) as well as 205 (CWW) and 400 days (FDW) of age, and ultrasonically measured for ribeye area (REA), fat thickness at rump (FRU), fat thickness at ribeye (FRI) and marbling of the ribeye (MAR) at 400 days of age. The frequency of allele C and A were high in the studied population. The F94L had a significant effect on the FRU and FRI, whereas REA significant differed between homozygous and heterozygous animals on SNP at nt267. MAR of non-mutant animals were significantly (by 04.−05 points) lower than those heterozygous for the F94L. FRI tended to be higher (0.51–0.57 cm) for mutations together nt267 and nt414, or for F94L, nt414 and nt324, but lower (0.47–0.49 cm) for nt267 and nt414 mutations. The results indicating F94L could be use in QTL selection for improving beef quality. The polygenetic effect of different MSTN mutations, as well as the effect of MSTN deficiency, would be worth investigating in the future.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2025.2452470

The Trans-Atlantic Research and Development Interchanges on Sustainability

Urmila M. Diwekar Csaba Deák Audrey L. Mayer Michael Narodoslawsky Heriberto Cabezas

Publication Name: Trans Atlantic Research and Development Interchanges on Sustainability

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 1-181

Description:

The Trans-Atlantic Research and Development Interchanges on Sustainability is a comprehensive foundational look at sustainability science, developed directly from the outcomes and learnings of the Trans-Atlantic Research and Development Interchanges on Sustainability (TARDIS) workshop that has been ongoing since 2004. The book brings together the most thorough recent advances in concepts, theories, methods, models and applications to steer the course towards a sustainable and resilient future. It provides a source of information on sustainability science directly from the experiences of global sustainability scientists and their research data not found elsewhere. This book will be an all-encompassing source of information on all aspects of sustainability science for academics, researchers and students in sustainability science and any applicable science that takes sustainability into account.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/C2020-0-01977-8