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Found 6374 publications
Sustainable waste management strategies for earthquake debris: Lessons from the 2008 China and 2023 Türkiye-Syria disasters
Publication Name: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 116
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Disasters like earthquakes produce immense debris, posing long-term environmental, economic and health risks if not managed properly. While earthquake-induced waste management has been studied in certain contexts, there is limited understanding of how distinct approaches, especially when considering the sustainability framework, impact recovery outcomes. This study addresses this gap by comparing the debris management strategies of the 2008 Sichuan and 2023 Türkiye-Syria earthquakes. Using life cycle analysis, it evaluates debris composition, carbon emission, eco-costs, and recycling and recovery practices. The results reveal the Sichuan earthquake produced waste with an eco-cost of €24.58 billion and 152.5 million tons of CO2 equivalents, while the Türkiye-Syria earthquake yielded €9.08 billion in eco-cost and 60.3 million tons of CO2 equivalents. The findings underscore the critical role of resilient construction practices, establishment of national waste management standards, and recycling-focused recovery efforts in mitigating the impact of earthquakes on communities and ecosystems. This study offers a pioneering framework for the comparative analysis of seismic waste management, providing actionable insights for stakeholders to develop disaster recovery strategies and improve waste management practices in earthquake-prone regions.
Open Access: Yes
METAPHORS IN TOURISM PROMOTION: A CASE STUDY OF A THAI VILLAGE AND THE BEEHIVE CONCEPT
Publication Name: Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 60
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 1128-1135
Description:
Metaphors are effective tools in tourism promotion, simplifying complex local features for tourists to appreciate. Sustainable tourism, by encouraging responsible habits, allows travelers to engage in environmental conservation while immersing themselves in local cultures. In this context, the primary aim of the research was to seek ways of promoting the unique features of Ban Nong Bua, a Thai village, while addressing global sustainability issues. A further aim was to develop educational material that would make sustainability attractive to local young children and familiarize them with local sustainability practices. During an 8-day stay, a multicultural team conducted action research through observations, interviews and interactions with local people with a focus on sustainable livelihood and tourism promotion. The fieldwork was complemented by regular brainstorming sessions, during which the concepts and plans that led to the final research product were developed based on the material collected and personal experience. The result of the research is the beehive metaphor as a conceptual framework that highlights the harmony and sustainable practices of the local community. The further result of the research is the creation of a booklet for both tourists and local children. On one hand, for tourists, the booklet provides an engaging introduction to the seaside village of Ban Nong Bua, enhancing its appeal as a sustainable destination. It is a complex metaphor that represents the way of life of the inhabitants of the settlement on several levels, such as the close relationship with water, the use of local resources, the division of labor, the high degree of social organization, cohesion and connectedness, or dancing as a specific manifestation of communication. Bees can also be seen as a symbol of sustainability. On the other hand, for local children, it serves as an English language educational tool, fostering an appreciation of sustainable practices through an interactive format. Although the short-term impact of the booklet cannot be measured, the research illustrates how tools such as metaphors can achieve multiple goals in sustainable tourism and sustainability education. The research promotes cross-cultural understanding, supports community sustainability and demonstrates the value of metaphor in tourism promotion. Future research could further explore the use of metaphors in tourism marketing and sustainability education.
Open Access: Yes
Association between hand grip strength and exercise addiction among high-level athletes: differences by sport category and sex in elite athletes
Publication Name: Frontiers in Psychology
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 16
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Introduction: Handgrip strength (HGS) is a key indicator of upper-body strength and overall physical fitness. While its links to health and sports performance have been widely studied, its relationship with the risk of exercise addiction (REA) remains unclear. Thus, the present study examines the relationship between HGS and REA across various sports disciplines, sexes, and national contexts, aiming to deepen our understanding of their intricate interplay. Methods: Using a cross-sectional research design, data were collected from 1,211 high-level athletes from Türkiye (n = 656) and Hungary (n = 555), spanning a wide range of competitive sports. The measures involved demographic questions, the Exercise Addiction Inventory to assess REA, and HGS assessments. Results: We found significant negative correlations between HGS and REA among Turkish female athletes competing in racquet and water sports (p < 0.05). In contrast, significant positive correlations emerged in team sports played with hands and target-based sports (p < 0.05). Statistically significant HGS-REA correlations were also observed among Turkish male athletes participating in gymnastics and esthetic sports (p < 0.05). Among Hungarian athletes, a significant HGS-REA correlation was found in male racquet sports athletes and female athletes engaged in combat sports (p < 0.05). Regardless of sports discipline, a statistically significant positive correlation was observed exclusively among Turkish female athletes (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The present study reveals that the correlations between HGS and the risk of REA may vary depending on country, sex, and type of sport. The findings indicate that HGS may be either positively or negatively associated with REA in specific sports disciplines.
Open Access: Yes
Balancing Performance and Health in Elite Hungarian Athletes: The Relationship Among Disordered Eating Risk, Body Composition, and Nutrition Knowledge
Publication Name: Nutrients
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Background: disordered eating (DE) and eating disorders (ED) can negatively impact athletes’ health, wellbeing, and athletic performance. Objective: this cross-sectional study aims to assess DE risk, body composition, and nutrition knowledge among elite Hungarian athletes. Methods: DE risk was assessed using DESA-6H and EAT-26 scales, nutrition knowledge through the Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (A-NSKQ), and body composition with the OMRON BF511 device. The data were analyzed using Kendall’s tau correlations, Mann–Whitney U tests, and ROC analysis. Results: a total of 71 athletes participated (39.4% males, mean age = 24.8 years, SD = 4.8 years and 60.6% females, mean age = 24.3 years, SD = 4.3 years). At-risk scores on the DESA-6H scale were recorded for nine athletes (12.7%), while 32.4% scored in the risk zone on the EAT-26, with female athletes in aesthetic, endurance and weight-dependent sports being most affected. Low BF was observed in four males and four females. Nutrition knowledge (49.1%) was below the acceptable threshold. DESA-6H significantly correlated with EAT-26 scores, BMI, sports nutrition knowledge, and A-NSKQ total scores. A statistically significant difference by gender was found in the EAT-26 total score (p = 0.019, d = 0.65). Risk groups significantly differed in A-NSKQ scores (p = 0.026, d = 0.511) and sport nutrition knowledge, specifically (p = 0.016, d = 0.491). Using EAT-26 to identify at-risk athletes and the DESA-6H recommended cut-off, the ROC analysis showed a sensitivity of 29.1% and a specificity of 95.7%. Conclusions: insufficient nutrition knowledge plays a role in being at-risk for DE and ED. These results underscore the need for early detection, early sport nutrition education across all elite athletes, with particular attention to female athletes in aesthetic, endurance and weight-dependent sports, and for monitoring these athletes to prevent DE. Further work is warranted to optimize screening tools such as EAT-26 and DESA-6H for elite athletes.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3390/nu17020231
A Human-Aided Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution Method for the Diagnosis of Skin Disease Using T-Spherical Fuzzy Information
Publication Name: Contemporary Mathematics Singapore
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 6
Issue: 5
Page Range: 6689-6713
Description:
Disorders of the skin have been identified as skin diseases. These medical disorders may involve severe skin manifestations, including allergic reactions, frustration, and itching. Numerous skin disorders may be inherited, while other aspects may be caused by lifestyle. To diagnose the various skin disorders based on the symptoms of skin diseases, we introduce the novel idea of Interval-Valued T-Spherical Fuzzy Set (IV-TSFS) that significantly enhances the ability to handle vagueness and unpredictability in the data being gathered. The IV-TSFS takes the concept of T-SFS by incorporating Interval Values (IVs). This innovation greatly improves the capacity to represent and manage uncertainty because they offer a structured and flexible framework that captures real-world ambiguity, vagueness, and unpredictability as compared to other classical fuzzy models. In this article, we construct the extended conventional IV-TSF Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) approach by using the conventional Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) method and also identifying a wide range of possibilities and understanding the potential variability in outcomes, which is especially useful in Decision-Making (DM) scenarios. This method provides a balanced view of each alternative’s performance, helping decision-makers to rank and select the most suitable option effectively. It is the most powerful way to visualize and compare the performance of various alternatives in a structured and quantitative manner. Firstly, we briefly review the description of T-SFSs and IV-TSFSs and discuss the score function Ṩcr(₮), accuracy function Ἇcr(₮), and the basic Operational Laws (OLs) of IV-TSFVs. Next, we explain the extensive interventions of the extended conventional Interval-Valued T-Spherical Fuzzy (IV-TSF) EDAS method to cope with uncertain and unreliable information, which is especially useful in DM scenarios. Finally, a numerical example is provided to effectively diagnose the favorable skin disease based on the symptoms of skin diseases by using the IV-TSF EDAS approach, and several comparative results of our proposed model with other existing Aggregation Operators (AOs) are carried out to demonstrate the invaluable benefits associated with this strategy.
Open Access: Yes
A Multidimensional Analysis of Energy Poverty in the EU: Exploring Complex Drivers and Cross-Dimensional Impacts
Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 121
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 1-6
Description:
Energy poverty remains one of the key obstacles to sustainable development, directly affecting households and increasingly influencing business operations as well. The research investigates the relationship between energy poverty and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the EU, addressing the often-overlooked connection between social vulnerability, environmental impact, and local climate policy. The study utilizes EU-level indicators to assess energy poverty across member states and develops the Energy Poverty Integral Index (EPII) to quantify it through multidimensional socioeconomic indicators. Building on this, the authors introduce the Energy Poverty and Emissions Index (EPEI), a novel, three-dimensional composite index that integrates (1) energy poverty (via the EPII), (2) residential GHG emissions, and (3) participation in the Covenant of Mayors (CoM), a proxy for local climate policy engagement. By bringing these components together, the EPEI offers a new perspective for examining the intersection of energy deprivation, carbon intensity, and policy responsiveness across the EU. This makes it possible to identify country profiles and policy gaps where high energy poverty coincides with either high emissions or weak climate action. The findings reveal significant correlations between energy poverty and emissions in several EU-27 countries, with strong positive relationships in the Netherlands, Lithuania, and Romania. In contrast, some member states exhibit inverse patterns. Cyprus, Italy, and Germany stand out with the highest energy poverty rates. The study contributes by proposing a standardized framework that links energy poverty to environmental and governance dimensions, supporting more targeted and just climate-energy policy responses in the EU.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3303/CET25121001
Innovative Technologies and Cognitive Factors for Enhancing Safety of Train and Car Movement at Level Crossings
Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 1258 LNNS
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 1-13
Description:
Safety in transportation is an exceptionally complex and multifaceted concept. The research focuses on the functioning processes of hazardous transportation facilities - railway crossings with varying intensity and transportation parameters, which require solutions to a wide range of theoretical, practical, and organizational tasks. The integration of innovative technologies, a beacon of hope, to modernize existing crossings and implement cognitive direction systems can help create a safer environment at railway crossings. To reduce the likelihood of human error and improve safety, it is recommended to utilize both existing technologies and innovative opportunities to develop new safety solutions for railway crossings, considering cognitive processes - mental operations used for perception of information, its retention in memory, processing, analysis, interpretation, and utilization for decision-making and problem-solving.
Open Access: Yes
Void Geometry Identification with Track-Side Rail Deflection Measurements
Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 1258 LNNS
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 188-202
Description:
One of the most common failure types that rapidly deteriorates track geometry is sleeper voids or unsupported sleepers. Ballast pulverization, or so-called “white spots”, is a sign that indicates the presence of the high sleeper voids in the track. However, the objective estimation of the size and form of voids is possible by time- and cost-consuming track-side measurements at many points along the track. The study presents an efficient model-based approach for the identification of the void geometry by the track-side experimental measurements of rail deflection in one point. A robust 3-beam track model with a two-mass vehicle model together with a time-effective surrogate optimization algorithm is used for the multidimensional search of the void geometry that is fitting to experimental data. The results show that the void geometry could be found precisely with one-point measurements, significantly reducing the time and cost involved in the process. Therefore, a practical, simplified method of determining the void zone's depth and length is proposed. It is based on analyzing the relation between void sizes and the rail deflection wave sizes. Unlike the void depth, the void length cannot be found by the simple difference between the deflection waves in the void and the reference zones. The proposed method assumes wave estimation by applying deflection thresholds, ensuring a practical and reliable approach. The reliability of the proposed method in estimating void length and depth instills confidence in the effectiveness of the approach. Finally, it was used to estimate the void length and depth for many problem zones in ballast tracks that were inspected with track-side measurements. The result analysis shows that the void length and depth are subjected to a non-linear relation: the long-length voids have unproportionally higher depths than short voids. The results indicate that the settlement intensity of the neighbor-to-void sleepers is much lower than that of the hanging sleepers.
Open Access: Yes
(Imperial Legislation and Emperor’s Self-Defense - Codification Efforts and Tendences in European and Hungarian Criminal Law at the Turn of the 18th and 19th Centuries)
Publication Name: Journal on European History of Law
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page Range: 50-58
Description:
The primary protection of the existence of the state, its fundamental institutions, and fundamental values from direct attacks has always been one of the most important tasks of the state. Since these protected institutions and values depend on the historical era and social system, it can be said that the definition of crimes against the state is always determined by the current, valid conception and structure of the state. The strict but often unregulated and outdated requirements for the crimes of treason and insult to the monarch, as well as the broad interpretation and application of procedural rules, which were often interpreted as royal prerogatives, ultimately led to an uncontrollable and arbitrary situation, with extraordinary jurisdictions and harsh punishments for extraordinary crimes. The legislature of the 18th and 19th centuries attempted to create modern rules that incorporated the doctrines of the Enlightenment and natural law, and were expected to precisely regulate political crimes.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: DOI not available
