Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is a non-toxic, inert, and widely used solvent in green chemistry, offering tunable properties such as density, diffusivity, viscosity, and polarity, adjustable through temperature, pressure, or co-solvent addition. This study employs the Design of Experiment (DoE) methodology to optimize scCO2-assisted synthesis of Li-S battery cathodes, presenting the first systematic investigation of how scCO2 conditions affect the structural and surface properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) during sulfur decoration. Results show that temperature and pressure significantly influence sulfur integration and cathode performance. By combining DoE with detailed electrochemical impedance analysis using complex nonlinear least squares fitting, the study provides deeper insight into composite electrochemical behavior under varying conditions. An optimal rGO structure with low charge transfer resistance, enabling efficient ion and electron transport, was obtained at 150 bar and 60 °C, balancing sulfur loading and pore accessibility. Conversely, harsher conditions (180 bar, 80 °C) caused sulfur agglomeration and higher resistance, reducing performance. These findings highlight the necessity of precisely controlling scCO2 synthesis parameters to enhance cathode structure and improve electrochemical performance and long-term stability of Li-S batteries.

Background – In 2021, Hungary introduced general practitioner (GP) clusters to improve access to local healthcare and strengthen cooperation among primary care providers. However, there is limited evidence on how these clusters operate. Objective – The aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive description of how GP practices and clusters function, and to describe variables associated with a GP's participation in a cluster. Methods – We analysed national data on general practices and GP clusters in Hungary for the period 2021–2024. This data was obtained from the National Hospital Directorate and supplemented with information from publicly available sources. After harmonising and integrating the data, we used descriptive statistical methods to characterise the operation of practices and clusters. We also used multivariate regression models to examine factors associated with GPs' decisions to join a cluster. Results – Between 2021 and 2024, the number of GP clusters increased from 365 to 422. Nearly half of all practices had joined by 2024. On average, clusters included seven practices, with one-third collaborating with dentists. Significant regional disparities were observed in cluster participation, while the adoption of digital health technologies and point-of-care tests remained limited. While GP clusters have expanded nationwide, participation appears higher in better-resourced districts. Conclusion – As in many other developed countries, GP clusters have become increasingly widespread in Hungary. One-third of these clusters involve collaboration between GPs and dentists. While these clusters provide a variety of professional services, challenges persist due to vacant practices and regional disparities. To ensure sustainability, future efforts should strengthen digital health integration and promote the widespread adoption of innovative services provided by GP clusters.

Tuberous-rooted chervil (Chaerophyllum bulbosum) is one of the iconic plants in the Carpathian basin regarding ethnobotany. It is considered native to this region and it is known by about one hundred different Hungarian folk names and allophones. We have plenty of historical data about its gathering from the wild from the end of the 16th century, but certainly, it could have been collected much earlier by the people who lived here. In the whole Carpathian basin, mostly its tubers (and rarely the leaves as well) were gathered mainly by children, which were eaten in various forms and dishes, but most frequently raw as salad. Its popularity started to decline by the end of the 19th century, and in the middle of the 20th century, it was regarded as one of the ‘beets out of fashion’, which was slowly disappearing from the diet. From the 21st century, there is only one record about its gathering and consumption from Transylvania. In former times, along with other Chaerophyllum and Anthriscus species it was recommended to cure scorbute and diarrhoea and as a poultice for ulcers. In the Middle Ages, it was cultivated throughout Eastern and Central Europe, which could have also been true for the Carpathian Basin. Master Roger mentioned this species among the plants of devastated peasant gardens (1243, after the Mongol invasion). Thereafter, we have records only from the middle of the 19th century showing the obvious growing of its cultivated variety (called ‘chervil-beet’). However, its cultivation remained quite sporadic, and by the middle of the 20th century, it was already fully neglected. The plant occurred in Hungarian cookery books from the 16th century, especially in Transylvanian gastronomy. The remembrance of its former folk uses retained in Hungarian culture as well, it emerges in several poems and prose.

This study investigates the overstrength factor (Ω of an innovative-shaped metallic shear damper designed for enhancing seismic resilience in concentrically braced frames (CBFs . To evaluate the influence of geometric variables-including web/flange thickness, damper height, and slenderness ratios (λw, λf, λℎ-a parametric study was conducted using 100 finite element models validated against experimental tests. The results demonstrate that all considered-shaped dampers exhibit Ω values exceeding 1.5, surpassing the A SC recommendations for shear links. t was found that while increasing web plate thickness significantly improves ultimate strength (up to 2.35 times, it tends to reduce Ω . Conversely, increasing flange thickness enhances both ultimate strength and Ω, challenging current guidelines that often neglect flange contributions. Specifically, within the flange slenderness range of 10 ≤ λf ≤ 15, the reduction rate of structural parameters is most significant. To ensure balanced seismic performance and economic efficiency, this study proposes designing dampers with a web slenderness ratio of λw ≤ 33 and a strength ratio of Ψ > 5.0. These findings offer uuantitative insights for refining design guidelines to accurately reflect the damper’s overstrength capacity.

In higher education, equipping students with the competences to navigate complex sustainability challenges is increasingly critical. This study investigates the impact of the “Circular Spring” – a project-based initiative held at the University of Naples Parthenope, which integrates interdisciplinary seminars with a student-led circular economy (CE) contest. The study examines how experiential learning fosters sustainability-related competences defined in UNESCO's Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) framework and transformative capacities framed by the Inner Development Goals (IDGs). Results indicate that participants show significant gains in cognitive, socio-emotional, and behavioral dimensions, including systems thinking, critical reflection, collaboration, self-awareness, empathy, and resilience, which can be mapped onto key ESD competence domains and IDG dimensions such as Being, Relating and Acting. These findings provide empirical evidence that experiential programs can support the joint development of sustainability competences and IDG-related inner capacities and offer a structured lens for assessing how higher education initiatives contribute to holistic sustainability learning and the design of circular economy education.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are evolving to support organisations in addressing their climate impact. Yet, there is a paucity of empirical and cross-sectoral data on how these solutions can mitigate organisations’ negative climate impact through changes in business models. By focusing on a dataset of ERP-related patents published between 2020 and 2024, within a climate change classification, this study aims to shed light on how ERP-based solutions can enable business model transformation to improve environmental performance and to investigate Industry 4.0 technologies that facilitate such mitigations. Through a pragmatic inductive approach employing mixed methods, the study uncovers three main areas of business model transformation for climate change mitigation: production optimisation, sustainability management and monitoring, and supply chain performance improvement. While most of the examined patents prioritise production optimisation, the findings reveal the emergence of novel applications designed to enhance organisational sustainability management and monitoring. Furthermore, the research emphasises unexploited opportunities to enhance ERPs through the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies. This study provides a substantial contribution to the existing literature by focusing on a significant yet underexplored area: ERP-based solutions designed to enable business model transformation to mitigate climate change, with implications for researchers, organisational adopters, and system developers.

Storing hydrogen resources underground can accelerate the transition to renewable energy, facilitate energy supply security, and the adoption and expansion of hydrogen energy, a clean energy source. The selection of sustainable underground hydrogen storage systems is a critical research topic for addressing environmental issues caused using fossil fuels. However, decision-makers still lack a consensus-based and sustainability-oriented framework that can comparatively evaluate alternative underground hydrogen storage geological formations under economic, environmental, social, and technical uncertainties, which constitutes a critical barrier to large-scale hydrogen deployment. This issue has become more prominent as fossil-based fuel reserves are gradually decreasing worldwide. In contrast, researchers and practitioners lack a consensus on which underground storage method is most suitable for economical, safe, and efficient hydrogen storage. If this problem is not addressed correctly and reasonable solutions are not obtained, continued dependence on fossil fuels may persist. Alternatively, other renewable energy sources with relatively lower efficiency and performance may be adopted. In both cases, significant delays in achieving the global sustainability goal are likely to occur. We propose an integrated fuzzy decision-making framework (F-WENSLO & Dombi-Bonferroni & F-ARTASI) to address this selection problem under uncertainty. The proposed framework integrates fuzzy WENSLO (Weights by ENvelope and SLOpe) for robust sustainability-based criteria weighting, the Dombi–Bonferroni aggregation operator to model interdependencies among criteria explicitly, and the fuzzy ARTASI (Alternative Ranking Technique based on Adaptive Standardized Intervals) method to provide flexible and stable ranking of geological alternatives beyond rigid distance-based approaches. Key advantages of the proposed model include producing reliable and consistent solutions that accurately reflect real-world conditions for selecting sustainable underground hydrogen storage systems. The results revealed that C14 (job creation and employment opportunities) (0.0603) is the most influential criterion in selecting the most suitable storage system. In addition, salt caverns with an Ωi of 10,5167 have achieved the highest score, placing them in the first position, and it is the most suitable and advantageous underground hydrogen storage option. The suggested decision-making tool can yield reliable and robust solutions in real-world conditions, enabling the planning of infrastructure design for hydrogen energy systems that incorporate sustainability dimensions. In that regard, the developed model possesses the characteristics of an efficient and practical roadmap that can guide policymakers and decision-makers in transitioning from fossil-based energy sources to renewable energy sources. It has been implemented to evaluate underground geological formations that could facilitate the storage of hydrogen energy underground, serving as a case study. The reliability and robustness of this tool have been verified through extensive validation tests.

The Exercise Addiction Inventory-3 is the latest version of the Exercise Addiction Inventory, whose use has become more frequent in several countries. The present study investigated its psychometric properties among Turkish adults. The study recruited 389 participants through online social media platforms. Reliability was tested through Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega. Validity was tested through correlations among the Exercise Addiction Inventory-3 score and scores on the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised, Ten-Item Personality Inventory, SCOFF Questionnaire, and Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised. Structural validity was tested via confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance. The findings suggested that the Turkish version of the Exercise Addiction Inventory-3 is reliable. Moreover, confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the models demonstrated good to excellent fit indices. Partial measurement invariance was observed. The Exercise Addiction Inventory-3 scores were positively correlated with the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised and Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised scores. The total scale score and the Addiction Tendency subscale score were negatively correlated with SCOFF scores but not the Health Relevance subscale scores. The Turkish Exercise Addiction Inventory-3 is a reliable and valid instrument to assess the risk of exercise addiction that differentiates at-risk groups from passionate exercisers. Implications for future studies are discussed.

Background: Chronic respiratory diseases are an important global issue, particularly in Asia, where burden patterns vary widely across countries. With more than half the world's population living in Asia, understanding the national and regional burden of chronic respiratory diseases is essential; however, research on this area remains inadequate. We aimed to investigate the burden of chronic respiratory diseases in Asia at national and regional levels, and to identify key risk factors. Methods: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2023 provides estimates for assessing the burden of chronic respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease (ILD), and pulmonary sarcoidosis. We focused on 34 countries in Asia, encompassing the high-income Asia Pacific region and central, east, south, and southeast Asia. Estimates for age-standardised prevalence and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates per 100 000 population, including 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), were extracted by location, sex, year, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI). The average annual percentage change was calculated and presented as a percentage with 95% CIs. Estimates of modifiable attributable risk factors for DALYs and mortality were also included. Findings: In Asia, the age-standardised prevalence and DALY rates for chronic respiratory diseases generally declined from 1990 to 2023; however, the trend varied substantially by disease and country. In 2023, the age-standardised prevalence rate of COPD was highest in south Asia (3044·18 [95% UI 2748·67–3303·04] per 100 000 population), while the age-standardised asthma prevalence rate was highest in the high-income Asia Pacific region (4870·24 [4046·70–5962·78] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia (4778·18 [3970·25–5735·61] per 100 000 population). Despite southeast Asia and the high-income Asia Pacific region having a similar age-standardised asthma prevalence rate, southeast Asia had a higher age-standardised DALY rate (508·67 [95% UI 394·89–669·92] per 100 000 population) compared with the high-income Asia Pacific region (204·40 [129·23–290·41] per 100 000 population). A decrease in the age-standardised DALY rate for chronic respiratory diseases was observed with increasing SDI, contrasting with its prevalence patterns. Age-standardised DALY rates of COPD decreased in all Asian countries except for Georgia (average annual percentage change 1·37 [95% CI 1·26–1·48]) and Kazakhstan (0·73 [0·55–0·93]), and age-standardised DALY rates of asthma decreased in all countries. Smoking and ambient particulate matter pollution were identified as leading attributable risk factors for chronic respiratory diseases across Asia. Household air pollution from solid fuels was a regionally pronounced risk factor for chronic respiratory diseases, particularly in south Asia (age-standardised DALY rate 657·58 [95% UI 485·04–880·45] per 100 000 population). Although smoking was a major risk factor in males, ambient particulate matter pollution and secondhand smoke emerged as important attributable risk factors for chronic respiratory diseases in females. Interpretation: Countries with lower SDI had markedly higher DALY rates, highlighting the need to address socioeconomic and health-care inequities. Household air pollution from solid fuels continues to impose a substantial but preventable burden in south Asia, calling for clean energy adoption and improved ventilation. Funding: Gates Foundation.