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Colistin residues and colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in agricultural soils: Sources, risks, and remediation strategies

E. Lakatos Babett Greff Miklós Posgay László Varga

Publication Name: Environmental Research

Publication Date: 2026-03-01

Volume: 294

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Polymyxins, including colistin, are critical last-line antibiotics, and their environmental dissemination raises One Health concerns. This review synthesizes current evidence on the occurrence, sources, environmental fate, and mitigation of colistin residues and colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in agricultural soils, with emphasis on transmission pathways to crops and implications for food safety along the farm-to-fork continuum. Principal inputs from livestock manure, reclaimed wastewater, and wildlife are characterized. Resistance mechanisms, with a focus on plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance (mcr), are summarized. Although animal manure may be a significant source of colistin due to its low gastrointestinal absorption, soil concentrations are low, with bioavailability influenced by physicochemical parameters, including pH, clay content, cation exchange capacity, and organic matter content. Low desorption rates limit plant uptake; thus, the primary environmental risk arises from the selection and enrichment of colistin-resistant bacteria and mcr genes in the rhizosphere, as well as splash-mediated deposition of contaminated particles. In farm and arable soils, mcr-1 and mcr-3 have been identified as the dominant variants, with higher prevalence in livestock-associated environments. Their dissemination is primarily driven by horizontal gene transfer rather than clonal expansion, influenced by factors such as soil characteristics, heavy metals, soil treatments, and plant root exudates. Interventions are critically appraised, spanning veterinary stewardship and on-farm hygiene, physical processes, chemical approaches, and biological strategies, along with postharvest barriers that include Good Agricultural Practices and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points, washing and sanitization, and bacteriophage biocontrol. Major conclusions are that multi-barrier, context-specific programs can reduce environmental selective pressures and interrupt gene flow while maintaining agronomic viability, yet progress remains constrained by gaps in standardized surveillance (particularly for plant-based foods), and by the limited use of quantitative risk assessment and field-scale validation of remediation technologies. A One Health framework that integrates environmental monitoring with public-health endpoints is needed to guide proportionate policy and practice.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.123771

Foot Progression Angle Modulates Three-Dimensional Lower-Limb Biomechanics in Flexible Flatfoot: Kinematic–Kinetic Patterns and Clinical Implications

Yaodong Gu Gusztáv Fekete Dong Sun Yang Song Xuanzhen Cen Zhenghui Lu Xin Li Yufei Fang Yufan Xu Chengyuan Zhu Linxiao Shen Xin Li Monèm Jemni

Publication Name: Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

Publication Date: 2026-03-01

Volume: 19

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Introduction: Foot progression angle affects gait and lowerlimb alignment. Altered angles may increase knee and ankle loading and produce tissue loading patterns previously linked to musculoskeletal injury. This study investigates how different foot progression angles modify knee and ankle biomechanics in young adults with flexible flatfoot. Methods: 28 participants (aged 18–35 years) with flexible flatfoot completed gait trials under three foot progression angle conditions. Kinematic and kinetic variables were analyzed using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping. A 1D convolutional neural network was applied to classify progression angle patterns based on flexible flatfoot severity and gait biomechanics. Results: Decreasing foot progression angle reduced the ankle eversion/inversion range and knee abduction and external rotation (p < 0.05). Increasing foot progression angle lowered early stance ankle plantarflexion and increased knee abduction/external rotation (p < 0.05). Kinetically, a smaller foot progression angle reduced peak ankle plantarflexion moment and knee extension moment but increased the first peak of the knee adduction moment and rotational moment fluctuations (p < 0.05). A larger foot progression angle reduced rotational fluctuations and terminal stance knee extension moment (p < 0.05). The convolutional neural network model was most accurate for moderate flexible flatfoot cases, and ankle coronal and knee transverse biomechanics showed the strongest discriminative power. Conclusion: Modifying the foot progression angle can meaningfully alter knee and ankle loading in young adults with flexible flatfoot. Neutral or mild toe-in angles may help mitigate excessive eversion and rotational stress, suggesting a simple noninvasive adjustment that clinicians can incorporate during gait retraining or orthotic prescription. Because biomechanical responses vary across individuals, FPA modification may be the most effective when tailored to patient-specific gait characteristics. In addition, deep-learning-based gait classification shows promise for supporting personalized monitoring and guiding clinical decision-making during rehabilitation.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1002/jfa2.70126

First Successful Treatment Reported with Pembrolizumab in a Patient Diagnosed with Choriocarcinoma in Hungary

Vilmos Fülöp Kornél Lakatos László Kalmár Erzsébet Gyöngyvirág Bíró Erika Lahm

Publication Name: Life

Publication Date: 2026-03-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 3

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Pembrolizumab is a programmed cell death protein (PD-1) inhibitor, humanized antibody widely used in cancer immunotherapy. Choriocarcinoma is an aggressive type of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Its treatment is based on surgical removal of the tumorous tissue and systemic chemotherapy; however, in some chemoresistant cases, immunotherapy can also be a valid option. Here, we report the first successful programmed death inhibitor-based treatment of a patient diagnosed with stage IV, ultra-high-risk choriocarcinoma in Hungary.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/life16030481

Creating digital transformation roadmaps for independent audit firms: An interval-valued q-rung orthopair model

Ömer Faruk Görçün Sefer Şener Mustafa Çanakçıoğlu Cem Niyazi Durmuş Vladimir Simic

Publication Name: Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence

Publication Date: 2026-02-15

Volume: 166

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The primary objective of this study is to develop a structured digital transformation strategy roadmap that independent audit firms can utilize to manage digital transformation processes effectively. Digital transformation extends beyond integrating Industry 4.0 and advanced technologies into business operations. It necessitates restructuring business models, decision-making frameworks, and stakeholder communication mechanisms. Its implications are critical across all industries. In independent auditing, ensuring data accuracy, enhancing audit process transparency, and meeting speed and quality requirements are becoming increasingly vital. Digital transformation addresses these needs and provides independent audit firms with a sustainable competitive advantage. A review of the existing literature reveals a significant research gap in the identification and prioritization of digital transformation strategies, as well as a lack of comprehensive theoretical studies examining the digital transformation practices of enterprises. This study proposes an integrated decision-making model to address these research and theoretical shortcomings. According to the study results, "providing in-depth analysis with big data analytics and artificial intelligence solutions" is the most essential strategy for managing digital transformation processes. Regarding the applicability of this strategy, "agility" is defined as the most critical and practical criterion. Robustness checks confirm the model's validity and consistency.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.engappai.2025.113591

Analysis of the Impact of Static and Dynamic Driving Factors on the Consumption Difference Between LNG-and Diesel-Powered Heavy-Duty Trucks in Test Track Environment

András Háry Gergő Sütheö

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering

Publication Date: 2026-02-09

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Page Range: 220-227

Description:

The present study builds upon the authors′ previous research, which highlighted the fuel consumption advantage of LNG-powered (liquefied natural gas) trucks over conventional diesel vehicles. Expanding on this topic, the aim of this research is to analyze the influence of static and dynamic driving factors on the consumption advantage of LNG vehicles. The study was conducted in a test-track environment, ensuring optimal reproducibility with minimal external influencing factors, allowing for various types of measurements. In this research, fuel consumption values were recorded indirectly through the fleet management system (FMS) using controller area network (CAN) messages. Data distribution analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test, and ANOVA were employed to validate the research hypotheses. Our study is unique in the field of heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) as the measurements were performed at the test-track level, providing precise data for emission differences. The results indicate that the static driving environment (represented by different test track modules) has a stronger influence on the consumption advantage of LNG vehicles. In contrast, driving mode has a lesser effect on the consumption difference between LNG and diesel trucks.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/app9214610

Addressing the Urgent Need for E-scooter Regulation in Hungary

Petra Szakonyi Attila Borsos

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering

Publication Date: 2026-02-09

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Page Range: 184-193

Description:

The role of electric scooters is becoming increasingly important for sustainable transport development. E-scooters and other light electric vehicles are generally more efficient in urban environments than electric cars, taking up less road space and resulting in lower energy consumption per trip. Our research involved a systematic literature review to investigate the integration of e-scooters into the existing transport infrastructure network. An online survey was conducted to explore public perceptions and usage patterns of e-scooters, assessing factors such as safety, comfort and preferred speeds. The survey presented five different scenarios in two locations, each illustrating different infrastructure solutions for e-scooters. A total of 137 valid responses were analyzed. Our study showed that infrastructure with dedicated space for bicycles should be preferred for e-scooters. Respondents indicated that the safest solution for e-scooters would be to use the bicycle facility where it is provided followed by the sidewalk, while using the traffic lane received a low rating. There were significant differences in the perception of safety and comfort by different user groups, with cyclists being the only group where we found the smallest deviation in safety and comfort ratings across scenarios. Speed limit preferences for e-scooters also depend on infrastructure provision. Speeds of 15 km/h or less are preferred for sidewalks, 15 km/h or more for bicycle infrastructure, and slightly higher for traffic lanes. In conclusion, our study highlights the need for proactive regulation to address the increasing presence of e-scooters on our existing infrastructure.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPtr.40216

Alternative Supply of the Mineral Raw Material Needs of the Asphalt Industry by Metallurgical Slags

Szabolcs Fischer Laszlo Ezsias

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering

Publication Date: 2026-02-09

Volume: 54

Issue: 2

Page Range: 138-149

Description:

With the growing demand for high-quality raw materials in the asphalt industry, finding sustainable alternatives to natural aggregates has become increasingly important. This study explores the potential of using metallurgical slags – specifically, blast furnace slag (BFS) and converter slag (CS) – as substitutes for traditional materials like basalt and andesite in asphalt mixtures. Through a series of laboratory tests, we examined the performance of these slag-based mixtures in terms of stiffness, water resistance, deformation, and durability under thermal stress. The results were promising that both BFS and CS met or even exceeded standard technical requirements. CS showed superior stiffness and aging resistance, likely due to its alkaline properties that slow down bitumen degradation. Slag-based mixtures also demonstrated strong skid resistance and maintained their mechanical properties better than natural aggregates when exposed to extreme temperature changes. These findings suggest that incorporating metallurgical slags into asphalt production could help address raw material shortages while offering environmental benefits, such as reducing CO2 emissions and preserving natural resources. With comparable or even better performance than traditional aggregates, slag-based asphalt mixtures present a viable and sustainable option for the future of road construction.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPtr.40489

Systematic Schrieffer-Wolff transformation approach to Josephson junctions: Quasiparticle effects and Josephson harmonics

Rok Žitko Ádám Bácsi Teodor Iličin

Publication Name: Physical Review B

Publication Date: 2026-02-02

Volume: 113

Issue: 6

Page Range: 1-10

Description:

We use the Schrieffer-Wolff transformation (SWT) to analyze Josephson junctions between superconducting leads described by the charge-conserving BCS theory. Starting from the single-electron tunneling terms, we directly recover the conventional effective Hamiltonian, −EJ cos ϕ̂, with an operator-valued phase bias ϕ̂. The SWT approach has the advantage that it can be systematically extended to more complex scenarios. We show that if a Bogoliubov quasiparticle is present its motion couples to that of Cooper pairs, introducing correlated dynamics that reshape the energy spectrum of the junction. Furthermore, higher-order terms in the SWT naturally describe Josephson harmonics, whose amplitudes are directly related to the microscopic properties of the superconducting leads and the junction. We derive expressions that could facilitate tuning the ratio between the different harmonics in a controlled way.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1103/jfcl-7pzt

LlFSAE one-cylinder engine intake system optimization with simulation methods and test bench validation through low- and high-pressure indication system measurements

Boros Máté Tóth Máté Pesthy Márk

Publication Name: Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering

Publication Date: 2026-02-01

Volume: 48

Issue: 2

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This research paper aims to optimize the intake system’s plenum and intake manifold length. The paper discusses the importance of the precisely calculated intake plenum volume, which significantly impacts the internal combustion engine performance. The design of the plenum, besides the chosen volume should assure the desired airflow quantity and quality through the whole system. 1D simulations do these particular analytic calculations and the CFD tool is used to determine the laminarity of the airflow. The second part of this paper intends to explain the intake pipe, restrictor calculations and why it is crucial for a precisely tuned race engine. Validation of the simulation results with engine test bench measurements and explanation of different engine performance plotting techniques via indication data.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s40430-025-06152-1