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Found 5157 publications
Global trade of medicinal and aromatic plants. A review
Publication Name: Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
Publication Date: 2025-06-01
Volume: 21
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are essential natural resources with applications in pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and pesticides. With growing consumer preferences for natural products, the global trade of MAPs (HS code: 1211) has grown significantly. This study analyzed global MAP market trends using export and import data from the International Trade Center (ITC) from 2010 to 2023. During this period, global export and import values surged by 97.8 % and 98.1 %, reaching $4.18 billion and $4.25 billion, respectively, in 2023. China and India emerged as key exporters, with India achieving a 240 % growth in export value, while the United States, Germany, and Japan were leading importers due to high domestic demand and advanced processing infrastructure. HS 121190, comprising plants for perfumery, pharmacy, and pest control, accounted for over 90 % of total trade value, ranking as the 976th most traded product globally in 2022. MAPs prices vary by origin, with vanilla ($115–255.39/kg) as the most expensive and arugula ($0.12/kg) the cheapest. Certifications like WHO-GACP and GMP are critical for quality assurance, traceability, and market competitiveness. Challenges include overharvesting, habitat destruction, trade barriers, and inconsistent quality control, necessitating sustainable cultivation, advanced processing technologies, and harmonized regulations. While Asia-Pacific, led by China and India, dominates production due to biodiversity and supportive policies, Europe and North America focus on value-added re-export. This study underscores the pivotal role of MAPs in global trade. It also provides actionable insights for stakeholders to optimize strategies, embrace sustainability, and capitalize on the expanding demand for these versatile plants.
Open Access: Yes
How does intergenerational transmission affect green innovation? Evidence from Chinese family businesses
Publication Name: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics
Publication Date: 2025-06-01
Volume: 73
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 158-169
Description:
Green innovation in family businesses is a significant yet underexplored area of research, particularly with regard to the influence of dynamic succession characteristics on intergenerational inheritance and its impact on innovation. This study, integrating the social-emotional wealth theory (SEW) and the agency theory, examines 505 Chinese listed family firms spanning from 2011 to 2020. Employing the Difference-in-Differences (DID) method, we investigate how intergenerational inheritance affects green innovation investment over time. Our findings reveal that initially, intergenerational transmission tends to inhibit green innovation investment in family businesses; however, this effect diminishes as the intergenerational process unfolds, indicative of the maturation of the second generation. Notably, we observe that a higher education level among second-generation heirs weakens the inhibitory effect of intergenerational inheritance on green innovation investment. This study addresses a gap in green innovation research by considering intergenerational transmission dynamics in family businesses, thus enhancing our understanding of innovation behaviors within this context. By synthesizing SEW and agency theory, this research offers novel insights into the varying impacts of intergenerational inheritance on firm innovation, shedding light on approaches to reconcile the willingness-ability paradox in family business innovation and promoting effective governance of succession processes.
Open Access: Yes
A novel method for structural strength modeling of lamination stacks of electric motors using contact in FEA
Publication Name: Results in Engineering
Publication Date: 2025-06-01
Volume: 26
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The automotive industry is transforming from traditional internal combustion drive systems to alternative ones, mostly based on electric motors. Fueled by strict requirements and high competition on the market, simulation has become an essential part of the development process. The precise structural strength simulation of rotors is extremely difficult, as a consequence of the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the lamination stack. Due to computational limits, this part has traditionally been simulated as a solid structure with orthotropic linear material models. These models were not capable of accurately simulating the axial nonlinear stiffness, the separation / slip of individual sheets or their plastic deformations. The method presented in this article does not have these limitations. By using a stacked shell approach, simulating all of the sheets separately using a contact model developed especially for this purpose, the method can be used to model real rotors using a fair amount of computational resources. The new method contributes significantly to the precision of virtual tests of rotors used in electric drives.
Open Access: Yes
Dem-driven investigation and AutoML-Enhanced prediction of Macroscopic behavior in cementitious composites with Variable frictional parameters
Publication Name: Materials and Design
Publication Date: 2025-06-01
Volume: 254
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
This study presents a numerical investigation and predictive modeling framework to evaluate the influence of microscale frictional parameters on the mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of cementitious composites. In the first phase, discrete element modeling (DEM) was employed to analyze the effects of bonded friction angle and non-bonded friction coefficient on the stress–strain response, failure evolution, and macro-scale properties. The results revealed a distinct transition from tensile to shear-dominated failure modes beyond a critical friction angle, accompanied by notable changes in compressive strength and deformation characteristics. Additionally, the role of non-bonded friction coefficient in post-failure behavior was identified, emphasizing its influence on load-redistribution. In the second phase, an AutoML-driven artificial neural network (ANN) was optimized via grid search, selecting an optimal four-layer model to predict macroparameters from microscale DEM inputs. The proposed ANN demonstrated high predictive accuracy, effectively capturing nonlinear dependencies while significantly reducing the need for additional numerical simulations. This integration of DEM and AI-based predictive modeling provides a computationally efficient, scalable solution for material characterization, enabling faster, data-driven insights into cementitious composite behavior without reliance on extensive simulation campaigns.
Open Access: Yes
Morphological and dental wear pattern analysis of Upper Cretaceous theropod teeth from Central Europe
Publication Name: Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments
Publication Date: 2025-06-01
Volume: 105
Issue: 2
Page Range: 499-515
Description:
Theropod teeth have long been known from the Upper Cretaceous of Europe, but the 20 million years long interval spanning the Cenomanian to the Campanian has remained underrepresented in the fossil record and understudied. Recent discoveries from the Turonian and Coniacian of Austria and the Santonian of Hungary fill this gap to some extent. Here we report on a study of 2D morphometry and dental wear of Turonian–Maastrichtian theropod teeth from Central Europe aimed at shedding further light on the phyletic and adaptive diversity of Late Cretaceous theropods in the archipelago of Europe. Our results suggest that the taxa Paraves indet. and Paronychodon were present in the region from the Turonian to the Maastrichtian, while medium-sized tetanuran forms are known only until the early Campanian. The record of some groups, such as troodontid or bird-like forms, is more sporadic and known only from a few sites. Dental wear study indicates that theropod teeth rarely show severe wear exposing dentin, though spalled surfaces are commonly seen on tetanuran teeth. Dental microwear feature and texture analysis of the worn enamel surfaces show a dominance of scratches (82–100%), with somewhat higher complexity in some of the non-serrated forms. The largest tetanuran teeth differ in terms of scratch length, pit size and anizotropy from the small, serrated Paraves indet. 1 teeth, but overlap with those of the extant carnivore-scavenger Varanus komodoensis suggesting large tetanurans resembled V. komodoensis in feeding on large vertebrates.
Open Access: Yes
Unveiling latent topics in the interplay of Circular Economy and Energy Transition: A Topic Modelling approach
Publication Name: Resources Conservation and Recycling
Publication Date: 2025-06-01
Volume: 219
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The Circular Economy (CE) and Energy Transition (ET) are crucial solutions for addressing global environmental challenges caused by linear economic models and fossil-based energy systems. Both approaches focus on enhancing energy and resource efficiency while minimizing environmental impacts. This Topic Modelling-based review identifies latent topics within the CE and ET academic literature, tackling the challenge of subjectivity found in traditional reviews. Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), six topics are identified. Each topic sheds light on how crucial elements – such as economic and social sustainability, technological innovation, material management and electrification, waste management, local development, and regulatory policies – are interconnected with CE and ET. Together, these elements contribute to a more cohesive and effective transition. The study emphasizes the need for coordinated strategies and targeted policies to ensure that CE and ET not only coexist but also complement and strengthen each other. This holistic approach is vital for fostering a sustainable future that balances economic growth with environmental conservation.
Open Access: Yes
Development of Magnetic Hysteresis Loop Measurement System for Characterization of 3D-Printed Magnetic Cores
Publication Name: Electronics Switzerland
Publication Date: 2025-06-01
Volume: 14
Issue: 11
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Today, numerous advanced options exist for analyzing and measuring magnetic hysteresis loops and core loss across a broad spectrum of applications. Most of these systems are compact and ready to use, fulfilling the measurement and data processing requirements for laminated iron cores according to the standards. However, modeling newly developed materials with complex structures or the high-frequency behavior of iron cores, and the computation of dynamic hysteresis properties’ temperature dependence, are still challenging problems in the field. Moreover, these standardized measurement tools are relatively expensive, and most of them represent a black box that impedes research and further development. This paper presents the development of a cheap and accessible measurement system that is explicitly designed for recording the hysteresis properties of 3D-printed iron cores. The paper presents a comprehensive overview of the design process, components, circuitry, and simulations integral to this project. The paper presents a completed circuit simulation conducted using LTspice and validation of the prototype’s measurement performance. The measurements obtained with the proposed system show good agreement with those of the reference setup, demonstrating its accuracy and practical applicability.
Open Access: Yes
Performance Analysis of MPT-GRE Multipath Networks Under Out-of-Order Packet Arrival
Publication Name: Electronics Switzerland
Publication Date: 2025-06-01
Volume: 14
Issue: 11
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Network packets may arrive out of their original order due to network delays, transmission speed variations, congestion, or uneven resource distribution. These factors cause significant challenges to network performance. These challenges result in jitter, packet loss, and reduced throughput, negatively affecting the efficient arrangement of packets. The Multipath tunnel-Generic Routing Encapsulation (MPT-GRE) architecture addresses this issue through a packet reordering mechanism designed for multipath GRE with User Datagram Protocol (UDP) encapsulation networks. This study investigates and analyses the path-specific delays, jitter, and transmission speed constraints to evaluate the influence of out-of-order packets on the MPT-GRE tunnel throughput aggregation capability. By comparing scenarios with and without the re-ordering mechanism, the results demonstrate that the reordering mechanism substantially improves the traffic throughput in symmetric and asymmetric channel configurations. Additionally, the study emphasizes the critical role of optimizing the reordering window parameter for effective performance. These findings confirm that packet reordering mechanisms significantly enhance MPT-GRE network performance by reducing the negative effects of delays and out-of-order arrivals.
Open Access: Yes
A structured framework for HBIM standardization: Integrating scan-to-BIM methodologies and heritage conservation standards
Publication Name: Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage
Publication Date: 2025-06-01
Volume: 37
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Heritage conservation demands innovative approaches that integrate advanced technologies with traditional principles to protect monuments and historic buildings. This research investigates the potential of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in heritage conservation, with a focus on developing and adapting workflows tailored to Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM). Through a systematic analysis of literature, the research highlights the adaptation of scan-to-BIM methodologies for HBIM creation and their significant role in enhancing preservation efforts. Key technologies, including laser scanning, photogrammetry, and machine learning, are discussed for their contributions to generate accurate and information-rich digital models of heritage structures. Furthermore, this work discovers critical specifications and proposes a structured framework for balancing these specifications within HBIM workflows. This framework addresses challenges such as standardization, scalability, and adaptability, which are essential for accurately capturing the complexity of heritage buildings. By examining these issues, the study identifies opportunities to improve HBIM's capability to monitor, document, and manage culturally significant assets. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of HBIM processes and their potential to support the effective conservation of heritage.
Open Access: Yes
