Nowadays' changing weather conditions and the resulting increasing flood levels make flood protection improvement essential. In Hungary, in the Szigetköz floodplain area, a complex water resources management unit of the Upper part of the Danube River, the rehabilitation of the water levels, and the setting back of the settled low and middle water levels had become necessary. It has been achieved by relocating the estuary of the Mosoni-Danube River and constructing a complex water control structure. A new ~1.5 km long levee connects to the structure. Due to a large volume of fine-grained blanket material on the site, the possibility arose to build a section of the levee using the blanket material without applying a cut-off wall to prevent water flow through the levee. The geotechnical parameters of the available local material were based on a complex site investigation program. According to the results of the field and laboratory tests, the blanket layer was suitable as fill material and could be compacted to the required 90% degree of compaction using standard machinery and procedures. Plaxis 2D software using fully coupled flow-deformation analysis, imitating the previously registered flood waves, modeled seepage and stability behaviour to evaluate the ultimate limit states of the levee constructed from the blanket material. The analysis proved the adequacy of the blanket material, avoiding the necessity for a barrier within the embankment. The use of local blanket material as fill eliminated the need to excavate and transport additional material, reducing environmental impact, shortening construction time, and saving costs on the project.

This study is based on oribatid mite materials collected from the vicinities of Phatthaya city and the Samet Island in Thailand; 18 species from 14 genera and 11 families are registered, of these, nine species are recorded from the Thai fauna for the first time. A new species of the genus Dolicheremaeus (Otocepheidae) – D. phatthayaensis sp. n. – is described. The supplementary description of Galumna paracalcicola Ermilov et Anichkin, 2014 is presented based on specimens from Thailand. Identification keys to the known representatives of the genera Dolicheremaeus from Thailand and Galumna from the Oriental region are presented. Galumna indica Hafeez Kardar, 1989 and G. striata Hafeez Kardar, 1989 are combined in the genus Setogalumna.

Cognitive biases affect all aspects of our lives, including the decision-making process related to the routing of freight transport. In the process of using human-machine systems, people upload rational and objective algorithms in order to obtain the best possible results in the route planning process. Nevertheless, during the route choice process, human reasoning, based on experience and assumptions, overrides the choice of the machine, that is, cognitive biases appear in the decision-making processes. For this reason, we investigate how an objective system of interests becomes a cognitive bias during the process of making decisions related to the route choice of freight transport by motor vehicle. Furthermore, we present a methodology to estimate fuzzy measures of route-related deviations concerning time and distance, which may be indicative of the emergence of cognitive biases.

Introduction. The aim of research is to examine the knowledge about plant-based diets, what beliefs and misconceptions exist about plant-based diets (PBDs), and how these differ between lifestyle groups among Hungarian females. Materials and methods. Data were collected through an online survey on social media. These data were processed using univariate statistics (general description of the sample), exploratory factor analysis (identification of healthy lifestyles), cluster analysis (segmentation purposes), chi-square statistics (cluster profiling), F-statistics (comparing attitudes toward PBDs), and cross tabulation (knowledge and perceptions of PBDs). Results and discussion. Four health-related lifestyle dimensions (health-conscious eating, mindfulness, carbohydrate avoidance, red meat avoidance) were identified, and four segments emerged (healthy food choosers, red meat avoiders, stress-free women, rejecters). Healthy food choosers (40.9%) prioritize healthy eating, avoid sugary snacks, and monitor carbohydrate intake. Red meat avoiders (27.9%) are neutral about healthy eating, but avoid red meat and processed foods; don't focus on carbohydrates. Stress-free women (20.8%) value mindfulness, relaxation, and outdoor physical activity for a stress-free life. Rejecters (10.4%) have a negative attitude toward healthy eating, mindfulness, carbohydrates, and red meat. Red meat avoiders live in the capital city, eat fruits and vegetables more often or at least once a day. Rejecters live in villages and eat fruits and vegetables every 4–5 days in a week or do not eat fruits and vegetables in a week. Healthy eaters eat fruits and vegetables more times a day. Stress-free people eat fruits and vegetables every 2–3 days in a week. They differed in their knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of PBDs. 72.1% of healthy food choosers, 84.8% of red meat avoiders, 75.8% of stress-free people and 71.9% of rejecters thought that plant-based diet was similar to vegan and vegetarian diet. The attitudes range from “may have health benefits for certain diseases” as the attitude with the highest mean level of agreement (4.26), especially among red meat avoiders, to “encourages diary consumption” as the attitude with the lowest mean level of agreement (1.69), especially among red meat avoiders. Red meat avoiders, healthy food choosers, and stress-free women had more positive attitudes toward PBDs than did rejecters. The majority of females were thinking about trying out PBDs. Red meat avoiders, healthy eaters, and stress-free women had more positive attitudes toward PBD than did rejecters. Healthy eaters perceived PBD as healthy. Red meat avoiders perceived the plant-based diet as healthy, safe, varied, exciting, environmentally friendly, and a complete diet. Stress-free women thought the plant-based diet was unhealthy and environmentally unfriendly. Rejecters attached more negative attributes to the PBD. They perceived the meatless diet as unhealthy, dangerous, monotonous, boring, environmentally unfriendly, difficult to digest, and malnutrition. Conclusions The results contribute to the literature by adding empirical evidence to the emerging trends (PBD, vegan, vegetarian diets), as well as generating suggestions for nutrition and dietetics professionals and the government, as targeted marketing programs can be planned to change dietary behavior.

A pre-removed segment is a new structure segment applicable to enlarging shield tunnel technology. It can facilitate the removal of the excess partitioned segment, for an enlarged station, by shield tunnel, however, it may cause certain risk of enlarged excavation construction, when a certain construction control limit is exceeded. To study the risk control problem for the removed segment, applicable to the shielded-tunnel-enlarged station, a risk control method, based on the load critical curve of the pre-removed segment is proposed. In this paper, a three-dimensional stratum structure model of the shielded-tunnel-enlarged station is established and variations of forces on the interface of the pre-removed segment are analyzed, under the influences of buried depth and staggered distance, for different enlarged excavation construction stages, as well as different soil properties (elasticity modulus). Combined with the load critical curve of the contact surface concerning the pre-removed segment obtained from the test, the critical construction control surface of buried depth and staggered distance, was obtained to ensure the bearing capacity of the pre-removed segment in different soil properties and in all of the involved enlarged excavation stages. It provides the technical guidance and reference for the construction risk control of the application of pre-removed segment in the shielded-tunnel-enlarged station.

The main objective of this study was to determine the beta-casein A1/A2 polymorphism status of animals in two Holstein Friesian dairy cow herds in Győr-Moson-Sopron County, Hungary. The A1/A2 status of cattle is determined by the beta-casein gene on the sixth chromosome. The analysed single nucleotide polymorphism is non-synonymous; A1 and A2 variants of bovine beta-casein differ at position 67 of the amino acid chain: A1 variant codes for histidine and A2 codes for proline, which may affect the milk protein degradation process. The analysed polymorphism leads to key conformational changes in the secondary protein structure of beta-casein. Beta-casomorphin (known as BCM7) is released only from A1-type milk and cannot be completely degraded by enzymes during digestion. DNA isolation was performed from whole blood, and a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method with agarose gel electrophoresis was applied in order to determine individual genotypes. The results from the two dairy farms demonstrate that a high proportion of cows (86.08 and 90.74 %) carry the A2 gene variant without targeted selection. At farm „A”, beta-casein polymorphisms were determined in 599 cows and 148 heifers. The genotype distribution of the cows was 47.25 % heterozygous, 38.83 % homozygous A2, whereas 14.02 % of the cows carried the A1A1 genotype. In heifers, A2A2 was already present in a remarkably high frequency (91.89 %), whereas the prevalence of heterozygotes was 7.43 %, and A1A1 animals made up only 0.67 % of the analysed heifer population. In Hungary, a growing number of dairy farms are using verified A2 homozygous breeding bull semen. The introduction of homozygous A2 sperm on the farm „A” remarkably increased A2 frequency in the heifer population. In total, 324 cows were genotyped on farm „B”, where the A2A2 genotype was observed in 30.55 % of the animals. The second most common genotype was A1A2, with a genotype frequency of 60.19 %, whereas A1A1 homozygotes occurred with a 9.26 % frequency. The growing popularity of A2 milk due to potential health benefits is driving Hungarian stakeholders towards the targeted selection of dairy populations; animal genotyping is an evident approach to facilitate this transition.

In present, the field of Internet of Things (IoT) is experiencing significant development, as evidenced by the everincreasing number of connected devices equipped with various sensors and controllers. These devices have become an integral part of smart homes, offering numerous benefits. Paradoxically, their growing popularity also brings an increased risk of vulnerabilities that threaten the security and privacy of users. This paper focuses on analysing common IoT devices used in smart homes to identify weaknesses and propose measures for improving their protection. This will involve evaluating security tests and providing recommendations for securing the devices and safeguarding their users. The proposed solutions and recommendations will assist users in better understanding potential threats and protecting their devices from unauthorized access and the leakage of sensitive information. This research approach contributes to enhancing the security and privacy of IoT device users in smart homes.

Sustainability reporting has gained worldwide importance for corporations over the past decade. This required the development of frameworks and standards for consistent disclosure. Non-financial or triple-bottom-line reporting reveals how firms, in general, incorporate SDGs in their reports and in what way they are assessed in terms of importance. While earlier sustainability issues were an integral part of the CSR activities published in the annual reports, these days, they are issued as separate reports due to the increased attention of stakeholders. Regarding financial institutions, the focus has gradually shifted from profitability issues to responsible investment and sustainable finance. Based on the content analysis of the most recent sustainability reports of the largest commercial banks in Hungary, including also the subsidiaries of foreign parent banks, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of their economic impacts. Comparing the reports based on qualitative content analysis, the paper attempts to illustrate to what extent they comply with the GRI standards, what material topics are given priority in their reporting, and which sustainable development goals (SDGs) enjoy preference. The results obtained underpin the fact that, as opposed to sectors other than finance, sustainability endeavours related to economic growth are at the forefront compared to social and environmental issues.

The article is devoted to the study of economic and social drivers of quality of life. The method of weighted sums and the Fishburn formula were employed to assess the level of quality of life. Using Ward's method and the Kalinsky-Kharabash test, three clusters of countries were identified. The relationship between indicators was modeled with the Johansen, Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron tests. Five indicators of social development (children out of school, unemployment, literacy rate, hospital beds, total population) and six indicators of economic development (GDP, minimum wage, government expenditure on education, current health expenditure, state expenditure on physical culture and sports industry) were chosen to establish the relationship between the indicators. The research was focused on the data of 30 European countries. Two hypotheses were proposed and tested in the study. Hypothesis H1 was that public spending on education, health care, and sports stimulates an increase in the quality of life. This hypothesis was confirmed for all countries. Hypothesis H2 assumed that the number of children out of school, the level of unemployment, and illiteracy negatively affect the quality of life. This hypothesis was confirmed only for a small number of countries.