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In vitro tesztrendszer alkalmazása probiotikus baktériumtörzsek szelektálására

Judit Süle Zoltán Hatvan Z. Kerényi László Varga

Publication Name: Elelmiszervizsgalati Kozlemenyek

Publication Date: 2022-06-30

Volume: 68

Issue: 2

Page Range: 3904-3915

Description:

No description provided

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.52091/EVIK-2022/2-4-ENG

Production of Single Cell Protein by the fermentation biotechnology for Animal Feeding

Renato Kalocsai Mukhtar H. Ahmed Judit Molnár Dávid Vasas Tamás Szakál

Publication Name: Elelmiszervizsgalati Kozlemenyek

Publication Date: 2022-06-30

Volume: 68

Issue: 2

Page Range: 3896-3903

Description:

Background: Fermentation is a sort of biotechnology that uses microorganisms to produce animal food through chemical process. In ancient times, wastes were treated with chemicals, but now companies convert wastes to valuable food, food ingredients or feed products such as single cell oils or single cell protein. The most used substrate is molasses and corn steep liquor which is a part of the fermentation process. Aim: The aims of the manuscript is to provide an overview of the yeast strains and food by-products used in production of single cell proteins by fermentation process. Furthermore, the manuscript summarizes the role of single cell protein in animal feed. Methods: Electronic searches were conducted on Google Scholar database Medline and PubMed. A further search was conducted on the Food and agricultural organization FAO research article database. Results: Single cell protein produced by these substrates and different microorganisms (algae, yeast, bacteria) play an important role in animal feeding. Furthermore, SCP is a high-quality protein, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and minerals sources for animals. Conclusion: Production of single cell of protein through the fermentation has several significant benefits including sustainability, health and production efficacy.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.52091/EVIK-2022/2-3-ENG

Egysejt-fehérje előállítása állati takarmányozáshoz fermentációs biotechnológiával

Renato Kalocsai Mukhtar H. Ahmed Judit Molnár Dávid Vasas Tamás Szakál

Publication Name: Elelmiszervizsgalati Kozlemenyek

Publication Date: 2022-06-30

Volume: 68

Issue: 2

Page Range: 3888-3895

Description:

No description provided

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.52091/EVIK-2022/2-3-HUN

Ballast Stabilization with Polyurethane for Use in Desert Areas

Jabbar Ali Zakeri Morteza Esmaeili Farshad Astaraki Majid Movahedi Rad Sina Ghahremani Reza Esfandiari Mehni Fateme Samimi

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering

Publication Date: 2022-06-30

Volume: 66

Issue: 3

Page Range: 853-865

Description:

Sand dune accumulation in the railways passing through desert areas leads to ballast softening and settlement, which is one of the major challenges in the ballast maintenance operation. In this regard, ballast infilling with polyurethane could be mentioned as a novel solution that has been less attentional in previous studies. In this matter, in present study using a domestic cost-effective polyurethane, the ballast stabilization has been accomplished and the relevant shear strength parameters have been investigated via a series of large-scale direct shear tests. Since the utilized polyurethane has composed of two different components, in the first stage, the best weight ratios of components have been investigated via a series of compression tests. In this matter, the ratio of 1.5 units polyol to 1 unit isocyanate has been adopted as the best composition. Then, the resulting polyurethane was injected into the ballast to perform large-scale direct shear tests. According to the measurement results, the maximum shear stress, the internal friction angle, and the cohesion coefficient increased by 109%, 9.5%, and 162.5% with respect to the non-stabilized ballast (NSB), respectively. In addition, the dilation angle decreased by 66.4% with the injection of polyurethane into the ballast. Hence, the results indicate increased shear strength and lateral track resistance in the presence of polyurethane, which can prevent lateral deflection and improve track safety. In other words, the mentioned polyurethane has improved the shear parameters of the ballast more significantly than other polyurethanes and has shown its performance in increasing the bearing capacity.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPci.19968

Optimal Design of Ceramic Based Hip Implant Composites Using Hybrid AHP-MOORA Approach

Amar Patnaik László Lendvai Chandramani Goswami Tej Singh

Publication Name: Materials

Publication Date: 2022-06-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 11

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Designing excellent hip implant composite material with optimal physical, mechanical and wear properties is challenging. Improper hip implant composite design may result in a premature component and product failure. Therefore, a hybrid decision-making tool was proposed to select the optimal hip implant composite according to several criteria that are probably conflicting. In varying weight proportions, a series of hip implant composite materials containing different ceramics (magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, chromium oxide, silicon nitride and aluminium oxide) were fabricated and evaluated for wear and physicomechanical properties. The density, void content, hardness, indentation depth, elastic modulus, compressive strength, wear, and fracture toughness values were used to rank the hip implant composites. It was found that the density and void content of the biocomposites remain in the range of 3.920–4.307 g/cm3 and 0.0021–0.0089%, respectively. The composite without zirconium oxide exhibits the lowest density (3.920 g/cm3), while the void content remains lowest for the composite having no chromium oxide content. The highest values of hardness (28.81 GPa), elastic modulus (291 GPa) and fracture toughness (11.97 MPa.m1/2) with the lowest wear (0.0071 mm3/million cycles) were exhibited by the composites having 83 wt.% of aluminium oxide and 10 wt.% of zirconium oxide. The experimental results are compositional dependent and without any visible trend. As a result, selecting the best composites among a group of composite alternatives becomes challenging. Therefore, a hybrid AHP-MOORA based multi-criteria decision-making approach was adopted to choose the best composite alternative. The AHP (analytic hierarchy process) was used to calculate the criteria weight, and MOORA (multiple objective optimisation on the basis of ratio analysis) was used to rank the composites. The outcomes revealed that the hip implant composite with 83 wt.% aluminium oxide, 10 wt.% zirconium oxide, 5 wt.% silicon nitride, 3 wt.% magnesium oxide, and 1.5 wt.% chromium oxide had the best qualities. Finally, sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the ranking’s robustness and stability concerning the criterion weight.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/ma15113800

Development and characterization of composites produced from recycled polyethylene terephthalate and waste marble dust

Ferenc Ronkay László Lendvai Vishal Ahlawat Guangming Wang Sicong Zhang Shaofeng Guo Tej Singh

Publication Name: Polymer Composites

Publication Date: 2022-06-01

Volume: 43

Issue: 6

Page Range: 3951-3959

Description:

The current paper presents the results of a study on the processing and characterization of waste marble powder-reinforced recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) composites. Samples with up to 20 wt% marble dust (MD) content were produced with twin-screw extrusion followed by injection molding. Subsequently, the morphological and mechanical features and the wear resistance of the developed composites were studied. In terms of mechanical properties, the incorporation of MD steadily improved both the tensile and flexural modulus of rPET, while the strength values showed an optimum at 2.5–5.0 wt%, depending on the mode of loading. Above the optimal MD concentration, the strength values deteriorated, however, even at maximum (20 wt%) marble content they were still similar to that of neat rPET, which proves the potential of utilizing waste MD in this specific polymer as filler material. The surface hardness of the fabricated samples also gradually improved with higher marble content, yet it came at the cost of impact toughness. The analysis of wear performance revealed an increasing resistance against wear up to 5.0 wt% filler loading, above which the dust particles got easily peeled off from the matrix, decreasing its efficiency.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1002/pc.26669

Lessons to be learned in adoption of autonomous equipment for field crops

Tyler Mark Karl Behrendt G. Milics James Lowenberg-DeBoer Jordan Shockley Melf Hinrich Ehlers David Rose Iona Yuelu Huang Kehinde Oluseyi Olagunju Søren Marcus Pedersen Ian Kumwenda Carl Dillon Andreas Gabriel Andreas Meyer-Aurich

Publication Name: Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy

Publication Date: 2022-06-01

Volume: 44

Issue: 2

Page Range: 848-864

Description:

Autonomous equipment for crop production is on the verge of technical and economic feasibility, but government regulation may slow its adoption. Key regulatory issues include requirements for on-site human supervision, liability for autonomous machine error, and intellectual property in robotic learning. As an example of the impact of regulation on the economic benefits of autonomous crop equipment, analysis from the United Kingdom suggests that requiring 100% on-site human supervision almost wipes out the economic benefits of autonomous crop equipment for small and medium farms and increases the economies-of-scale advantage of larger farms.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1002/aepp.13177

Complex Ice Hockey Team Performance Model based on Expert Interviews

Laszlo Imre Komlosi Gergely Géczi Lilla Gurisatti

Publication Name: Physical Culture and Sport Studies and Research

Publication Date: 2022-06-01

Volume: 95

Issue: 1

Page Range: 76-84

Description:

Scientific research focusing on ice hockey is growing, although a complex model describing team performance is yet to be added to the knowledge base. The purpose of the study is to finalize the authors' proposed model of ice hockey team performance and gain insights on how the included factors contribute to the operation of the team and the coach. Based on the processed literature, it was assumed that the psychological aspect is among the key factors contributing to team performance. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with highly qualified experts on Hungarian ice hockey (five national team coaches and five senior national team players). The results indicate that the psychological factors of the coach and the team are essential for high team performance, along with the influence ability of both sides, creating two-way communication and feedback loops. The practical knowledge of the coach was emphasized over theoretical knowledge, and the team's tactical knowledge was emphasized over technical knowledge. It also emerged that the coach must know the team well in order to make appropriate decisions. The role of the coach is no longer to act as a stressor, but rather to set a good example as a role model while remaining open to feedback from the team's side. It was concluded that although many psychological methods are available to improve performance, the use of these methods has not yet been sufficiently exploited. While the use of these methods could improve performance, the team could experience more success and make sporting activity a fundamental part of players' health through bonding and belonging.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.2478/pcssr-2022-0013

A comparative analysis of data mining techniques for agricultural and hydrological drought prediction in the eastern Mediterranean

Endre Harsányi A. Széles Bashar Bashir Mojtaba Zeraatpisheh Ahmed Elbeltagi Karam Alsafadi Safwan Mohammed Firas Alsilibe Abdullah Alsalman

Publication Name: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture

Publication Date: 2022-06-01

Volume: 197

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Drought is a natural hazard which affects ecosystems in the eastern Mediterranean. However, limited historical data for drought monitoring and forecasting are available in the eastern Mediterranean. Thus, implementing machine learning (ML) algorithms could allow for the prediction of future drought events. In this context, the main goals of this research were to capture agricultural and hydrological drought trends by using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and to assess the applicability of four ML algorithms (bagging (BG), random subspace (RSS), random tree (RT), and random forest (RF)) in predicting drought events in the eastern Mediterranean based on SPI-3 and SPI-12. The results reveal that hydrological drought (SPI-12, −24) was more severe over the study area, where most stations showed a significant (p < 0.05) negative trend. The accuracy of ML algorithms in drought prediction varied in relation to the implementation stage. In the training stage, RT outperformed the other algorithms (Root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.3, Correlation Coefficient (r) = 0.97); the performance of the algorithms can be ranked as follows: RT > RF > BG > RSS for both SPI-3 and SPI-12. In the testing stage, both the BG and RF algorithms had the highest correlation r (observed vs. predicted) (0.58–0.64) and lowest RMSE (0.68–0.88). In contrast, the lowest correlation r (observed vs. predicted) (0.3–0.41) and highest RMSE (0.94–1.10) was calculated for the RT algorithm. However, BG was more dynamic in drought capturing, with the lowest RMSE and highest correlation. In the validation stage, the BG performance was satisfactory (RMSE = 0.62–0.83, r = 0.58–0.79). The output of this research will help decision-makers with drought mitigation plans by using the new four machine learning algorithms.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.compag.2022.106925