Tamás Szakál

57219991239

Publications - 11

Investigation of the Effect of a New Type of Copper–Sucrose Complex Compound on the Yield and Quality Parameters of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Pál Szakál Balázs Ásványi Renato Kalocsai Viktoria Vona Zoltán Varga Judit Molnár Eduard Gubó Dávid Vasas Tamás Szakál Erika Krániczné Mayer Zsolt Giczi

Publication Name: Agronomy

Publication Date: 2025-07-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 7

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

We conducted experiments on winter wheat grown in copper-deficient soil, where soil tests revealed a more pronounced deficiency in the deeper layers. As climate change reduces precipitation, plants increasingly rely on nutrients from these deeper layers. A copper–sucrose complex—previously unused in agriculture—was applied as a foliar spray during the tillering and flowering stages. Across the three-year average, significant increases were observed starting from the 1 kg ha−1 copper dose in yield, from 0.3 kg ha−1 in crude protein content, and from 0.5 kg ha−1 in wet gluten content compared to the untreated control. For all three parameters, the highest values were achieved with the 2 kg ha−1 dose. Yield increased by 1.03 t ha−1, crude protein by 0.9%, and wet gluten by 2.3% relative to the control. In 2019, high humidity and favorable temperatures during flowering led to fungal infections in control plots, with DON toxin concentrations exceeding the regulatory safety threshold. Following copper–sucrose complex application, DON levels dropped below this threshold, demonstrating a measurable protective effect.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/agronomy15071506

Effects of Vinasse and zinc complex on the yield, crude protein, and gluten of winter wheat

Zoltán Varga Ottilia Vámos Tamás Szakál Borbála Hanusz Pólyáné

Publication Name: Bio Web of Conferences

Publication Date: 2024-08-23

Volume: 125

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The primary goal of agricultural production is to produce adequate quantity and quality of crops. One crucial aspect of this is providing the appropriate nutrients to plants. In recent times, there has been a growing emphasis on replenishing micronutrients beside macronutrients, as essential microelements, although in smaller quantities, are indispensable for the cultivation of our crops. In our three-year small-plot experiments, the effect of two foliar fertilizers, Vinasse, which is a byproduct of alcohol production, and a zinc complex on the yield, crude protein, and gluten content of winter wheat, was investigated. The effects of these formulations when applied as foliar fertilizers separately and together, at doses of 50, 100, 250 and 500 l/ha for Vinasse and 0.5 kg/ha for zinc complex, were examined. Based on the results of the small-plot experiments set up in the fall of 2020 and 2021 and harvested in the summer of 2021 and 2022, it can be concluded that using Vinasse + zinc complex treatments a higher yield and better content indicators were achieved compared to the control plots. The highest dose of Vinasse (500 l/ha) + zinc complex (0.5 kg/ha) had the greatest positive effect on yield values.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/202412501002

Lactose intolerance: The most significant nutritional recommendations of lactose free diet

Pál Szakál Renato Kalocsai Judit Molnár Dávid Vasas Tamás Szakál

Publication Name: Bio Web of Conferences

Publication Date: 2024-08-23

Volume: 125

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Background: Milk and dairy products play a key role in healthy diet. In case of lactose intolerance, the digestion of these products becomes difficult. It is associated with stomach and intestinal complaints. Purpose: The purpose of the manuscript is to summarize the literature on lactose, lactose intolerance, lactose-free diet and lactose-free products development opportunities. We hope that we can contribute to a more accurate understanding of the lactose-free diet and reveal connections between consumer expectations and consumption. Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed and Science Direct databases. We used 34 specialist literature and 3 URL to write our conference publication. Results: We summarized the most important characteristics of lactose, the symptoms and treatment options of lactose intolerance, the importance of lactose-free diet and calcium supplementation in the therapy of lactose intolerance and the latest and most informative publications on the development of lactose-free functional foods. Conclusion: Today, the consumption of lactose-free products is an outstanding way to treat the growing number of people with lactose intolerance. The food industry also pays special attention to the application of new technologies and product development. We hope to contribute to a wider understanding of lactose, lactose intolerance, the lactose-free diet and lactose-free product development opportunities with our conference manuscript.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/202412502001

Effect of pH, Carbonate and Clay Content on Magnesium Measurement Methods on Hungarian Soils

Csaba Centeri Renato Kalocsai Márton Vona Zsolt Biró Viktoria Vona Tamás Szakál István Mihály Kulmány Sándor Zsebő Lajos Kubina Zsolt Giczi

Publication Name: Soil Systems

Publication Date: 2024-06-01

Volume: 8

Issue: 2

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

More exact information on soil nutrient management is crucial due to environmental protection, nature conservation, decreasing sources for mining, general precaution, etc. Soil magnesium (Mg) analytical methods of potassium chloride (KCl), Mehlich 3 (M3), water (WA) and cobalt hexamine (CoHex) extractions are compared with an elemental analysis and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. The ratio of the available to the total Mg content was calculated and compared on the whole dataset. The results showed that the linear regressions between all the pairs of Mg content measurement methods were significant. The linear relationship between the KCl and CoHex methods has the highest determination coefficient (R2 = 0.96), followed by WA–M3 (R2 = 0.68), M3–CoHex (R2 = 0.66) and M3–KCl (R2 = 0.60). The M3 solution demonstrated a greater capacity for extracting Mg from the soil. The second part is the analysis of the influence of CaCO3, pH, soil texture and clay content on the measurable magnesium content of soils. It was established that the extraction methods, the soil and the classification method of the soil properties affect the evaluation. These results may help through the nutrient replenishment and the melioration of soils. These results can help the examination of mineral nutrients, especially the Mg uptake.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems8020049

Correction to: A 4‑year study of bovine reproductive hormones that are induced by pharmaceuticals and appear as steroid estrogenic pollutants in the resulting slurry, using in vitro and instrumental analytical methods (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, (2023), 30, 60, (125596-125608), 10.1007/s11356-023-31126-y)

Pál Szakál Judit Plutzer Renato Kalocsai L. Környei Richárd Gubó Eduard Gubó Tamás Szakál Dora Pordan-Haber Tibor Molnar Ákos Bede‑Fazekas Zoltán Szalai Lili Szabó

Publication Name: Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Publication Date: 2024-02-01

Volume: 31

Issue: 6

Page Range: 9868

Description:

The correct Author affiliations is shown in this paper.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31992-0

Foliar Application of Copper-Tetramine-Sulphate from Microelectronic Waste to Improve Yield and Quality Parameters of Winter Wheat

Pál Szakál Judit Molnár Eduard Gubó Dávid Vasas Tamás Szakál Bálint Szüle Zsolt Giczi

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 1069-1074

Description:

The growth of the world's population is an increasing challenge for agricultural production. Improving soil productivity is the key to ensuring the quantity, quality and safety of food for a growing population. In addition to macroelements, microelements also play an important role in the biochemical processes. A large percentage of soils in Hungary show a deficiency in copper. For three years, we treated the leaves of winter wheat with a copper-tetramine-sulphate complex derived from microelectronic waste. Aim to provide an alkaline pH range of 9.3 for effective foliar treatment. Treatments were applied on 10 m2 small plots at 0; 0.1; 0.3; 0.5; 1.0; and 2.0 kg×ha-1 copper dose in the budding and flowering phenological stages with copper-tetramine-sulphate produced from microelectronic waste. After harvesting the crop from the plots, the yield, raw protein, and gluten content were measured. In the copper-deficient soil, a significant increase in yield and protein and gluten levels was observed after treatment with copper foliar fertiliser. The most significant increase in yield was obtained in the treatment at flowering (0.40 t/ha), with a 0.37 % increase in crude protein content and a 1.95 % increase in wet gluten content.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114179

A 4-year study of bovine reproductive hormones that are induced by pharmaceuticals and appear as steroid estrogenic pollutants in the resulting slurry, using in vitro and instrumental analytical methods

Pál Szakál Judit Plutzer Renato Kalocsai L. Környei Ákos Bede-Fazekas Richárd Gubó Eduard Gubó Tamás Szakál Dora Pordan-Haber Tibor Molnar Zoltán Szalai Lili Szabó

Publication Name: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International

Publication Date: 2023-12-01

Volume: 30

Issue: 60

Page Range: 125596-125608

Description:

The main objective of the research was to study the environmental "price" of the large-scale, milk production from a rarely known perspective, from the mapping of the estrogenic footprint (the amount of oestrus-inducer hormonal products, and the generated endoestrogens) in the resulting slurry in a dairy cow farm. These micropollutants are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and can be dangerous to the normal reproductive functions even at ng/kg concentration. One of them, 17ß-estradiol, has a 20,000 times stronger estrogenic effect than bisphenol-A, a widely known EDC of industrial origin. While most studies on EDCs are short-term and/or laboratory based, this study is longitudinal and field-based. We sampled the slurry pool on a quarterly basis between 2017 and 2020. Our purpose was testing the estrogenic effects using a dual approach. As an effect-based, holistic method, we developed and used the YES (yeast estrogen screen) test employing the genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae BJ3505 strain which contains human estrogenic receptor. For testing exact molecules, UHPLC-FLD was used. Our study points out that slurry contains a growing amount of EDCs with the risk of penetrating into the soil, crops and the food chain. Considering the Green Chemistry concept, the most benign ways to prevent of the pollution of the slurry is choosing appropriate oestrus-inducing veterinary pharmaceuticals (OIVPs) and the separation of the solid and liquid parts with adequate treatment methods. To our knowledge, this is the first paper on the adaptation of the YES test for medicine and slurry samples, extending its applicability. The adapted YES test turned out to be a sensitive, robust and reliable method for testing samples with potential estrogenic effect. Our dual approach was successful in evaluating the estrogenic effect of the slurry samples.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31126-y

Production of Single Cell Protein by the fermentation biotechnology for Animal Feeding

Renato Kalocsai Mukhtar H. Ahmed Judit Molnár Dávid Vasas Tamás Szakál

Publication Name: Elelmiszervizsgalati Kozlemenyek

Publication Date: 2022-06-30

Volume: 68

Issue: 2

Page Range: 3896-3903

Description:

Background: Fermentation is a sort of biotechnology that uses microorganisms to produce animal food through chemical process. In ancient times, wastes were treated with chemicals, but now companies convert wastes to valuable food, food ingredients or feed products such as single cell oils or single cell protein. The most used substrate is molasses and corn steep liquor which is a part of the fermentation process. Aim: The aims of the manuscript is to provide an overview of the yeast strains and food by-products used in production of single cell proteins by fermentation process. Furthermore, the manuscript summarizes the role of single cell protein in animal feed. Methods: Electronic searches were conducted on Google Scholar database Medline and PubMed. A further search was conducted on the Food and agricultural organization FAO research article database. Results: Single cell protein produced by these substrates and different microorganisms (algae, yeast, bacteria) play an important role in animal feeding. Furthermore, SCP is a high-quality protein, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and minerals sources for animals. Conclusion: Production of single cell of protein through the fermentation has several significant benefits including sustainability, health and production efficacy.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.52091/EVIK-2022/2-3-ENG

Egysejt-fehérje előállítása állati takarmányozáshoz fermentációs biotechnológiával

Renato Kalocsai Mukhtar H. Ahmed Judit Molnár Dávid Vasas Tamás Szakál

Publication Name: Elelmiszervizsgalati Kozlemenyek

Publication Date: 2022-06-30

Volume: 68

Issue: 2

Page Range: 3888-3895

Description:

No description provided

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.52091/EVIK-2022/2-3-HUN

Ion exchange with copper-tetraamine on naa (Lta) type synthesised zeolite

Pál Szakál Renato Kalocsai Éva Szalka Tamás Szakál Endre Andor Tóth Bálint Szüle Tamás Korim

Publication Name: Nova Biotechnologica Et Chimica

Publication Date: 2021-06-23

Volume: 20

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

A crop growing in the right quantity and quality can only be secured if nutrients are provided in an adequate quantity and available form. Copper (Cu) has primary importance among microelements in growing winter wheat. Lack of Cu hinders nitrogen uptake by plants. Therefore, increasing bioavailability is important in crop production. It has been conducted successful foliar fertilisation experiments with Tetraamminecopper(II) sulphate for several years. The efficiency of the applied compound was enhanced by the application of a retarded nutrient-supply. To secure retardation, ion exchange was carried out in NaA type synthesized zeolite with Tetraamminecopper(II) sulphate. Structure of Tetraamminecopper(II) sulphate, and zeolite ion-exchanged by copper-tetraamine was analysed with a derivatograph and X-ray diffraction. Derivatograph analyses revealed heat stability. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that copper-tetramine ions exchanged a significant part of the sodium ions of zeolite in ion exchange.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.36547/nbc.886

Study of the antifungal effect of a copper-containing foliar fertilizer

Balázs Ásványi Renato Kalocsai E. Lakatos Viktoria Vona Tamás Szakál Zsolt Giczi

Publication Name: Cereal Research Communications

Publication Date: 2021-06-01

Volume: 49

Issue: 2

Page Range: 337-341

Description:

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important arable crops. Copper-containing fertilizers are used in crop production to treat or reduce the negative effects of copper deficiency. Various copper compounds are also widely used as effective fungicide agents. The influence of a copper-containing foliar fertilizer prepared from a copper solution and sucrose had been tested on the yield and raw protein content of winter wheat in previous field experiments. In this work, we studied the antifungal effect of this particular foliar fertilizer in an in vitro trial, wherein the fungicide effect on growth and reproduction of specific plant pathogens, i.e., Fusarium graminearum and Drechslera sorokiniana, was evaluated with the agar well diffusion method. The results showed that doses of the foliar fertilizer corresponding to field applications of at least 1 kg ha−1 had antifungal effects, which were significant (P < 0.01) above the concentration level of 3337 mg L−1, corresponding to 2 kg ha−1 application, against both fungal pathogens. A linear correlation (r2 > 0.95) was found between copper concentration and fungicide efficiency in the concentration range studied. The fungicide efficiency of the foliar fertilizer was lower than that of the commercially available copper-oxychloride fungicide. The sole use of the foliar nutrient tested probably cannot replace fungicide treatments. However, in addition to its plant nutrition effect, its antifungal properties should also be taken into consideration.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s42976-020-00108-y