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Publications - 6273

Assessing the sustainability of urbanization at the sub-national level: The Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity accounts of the Budapest Metropolitan Region, Hungary

Farkas Jeno Zsolt Gabor Harangozo Cecília Szigeti Kovács Zoltán

Publication Name: Sustainable Cities and Society

Publication Date: 2022-09-01

Volume: 84

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The growing concentration of people and wealth often results in imbalances of resource consumption and carrying capacity, therefore, the sustainability assessment of urbanization can offer an important basis for global sustainable transition. This paper aims to provide an analysis of the environmental sustainability of urbanization in Hungary focusing on the long-term changes of ecological footprint and biocapacity at the sub-national level, with a special attention to the Budapest Metropolitan Region (BMR). During the research a hybrid method considering an input-output model and household consumption data was used for the calculation of regional ecological footprint, whereas biocapacity was measured on the basis of land use data. Findings suggest, that even though the ecological deficit of the country has been gradually decreasing since the early 2000s, due to a shrinking population and increasing biocapacity, the ecological overshoot is still significant in the case of Budapest and its agglomeration (30 fold and 2.4 fold respectively). The unsustainability of the BMR is caused partly by demographic factors (7.6% population growth as opposed to the the 7.7% decrease in the countryside) and partly by rising per capita ecological footprint values (especially in the agglomeration from 2.73 to 2.92 gha/capita), which are not balanced by biocapacity on the supply side. This research concluded that policy makers in ageing societies with a highly centralized urban system like Hungary should launch programmes targeted specifically to primary metropolitan areas to improve environmental efficiency and encourage people to change their consumption behaviour.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2022.104022

THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON LIFE IN A CROSS-BORDER AGGLOMERATION OF BRATISLAVA

Tamás Hardi Andrea Uszkai Márta Nárai

Publication Name: Deturope

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 2

Page Range: 129-153

Description:

The emergence of cross-border suburbanisation is based on the geographical proximity of a large city and the unrestricted permeability of state borders. A social group, the ‘transnational borderlanders’, is emerging (Martinez, 1994), who use the territory of both states on both sides of the border daily, e.g. they live on one side and work on the other. In our case, a cross-border suburbanisation has developed, with Bratislava residents moving to nearby villages in Hungary. The open border is a prerequisite for their daily life, and they took a risk when they bought a property in another country. The study examines how the closing of borders during the COVID-19 epidemic affected the lifestyle of Slovak citizens who settled in Hungary and commuted to Bratislava and the new situation of the cross-border area. To this end, a questionnaire survey and interviews were conducted in four settlements in Hungary inhabited by Slovaks. The study summarises the results of these surveys and concludes that the temporary closure of borders did not have a significant impact on the satisfaction with cross-border lifestyle, and the willingness to move. In fact, there are signs that the lockdown has dissolved the previously entirely Bratislava-centric way of life (shopping, using services, registering an address, etc.).

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.32725/DET.2023.016

Motives underlying water sport tourist behaviour: a segmentation approach

László Tóth Miklós Bánhidi Noémi Gyömbér Kinga Zsuzsanna Nagy Kata Tóth

Publication Name: World Leisure Journal

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 63

Issue: 1

Page Range: 109-127

Description:

Sport tourism is a heterogeneous phenomenon with diverse motivations. However, the field of water sport tourism has not yet been intensely analyzed. The purpose of this study was twofold. Firstly, the study aimed to unfold the consumer profile of water sport tourists. Secondly, the role of demographic variables and behavioural attributes concerning flow experience in the activities was unveiled. Since flow has the potential of sustaining participation in physical activity pursuits as well as raising destination loyalty, its analysis in the field of leisure and tourism is of utmost interest. A quantitative research method was chosen. The subjects were 297 Hungarian water sport participants. Data were analyzed through k-means clustering and a multivariate general linear model using SPSS software. First, the cluster analysis yielded four clusters based on sport and tourism motivations, namely: Sport-oriented, Leisure-ignoring, Leisure-oriented, Social-oriented groups. Second, in the “Absorption in the Activity” dimension of flow experience, females demonstrated higher scores than males, and participants showed significant differences according to their skill levels. Furthermore, as a predictor variable, flow Absorption influenced expenses on sport lessons, while desired skill level affected the frequency of practising. These findings contribute to reaching water sport tourists more adequately.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/16078055.2021.1888002

Mirages and Illusions: The Prospects of Hungarian Imperial Ambitions during the Era of Dualism (1867–1918)

Balázs Pálvölgyi

Publication Name: Journal on European History of Law

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 2

Page Range: 69-78

Description:

Although the Hungarian political elite recognized that it is the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy which provided the country with a position of great power, from the 1890 s onwards there was a noticeable increase in independent Hungarian expansionist efforts. Among the complex reasons for this were the results of the Hungarian state’s modernization program, the economic development, and the emergence of a new elite of officials and politicians who had been socialised in the institutional system of Dualism, were au fait with the system, and were able to use it. The strengthening of Hungarian positions and the search for opportunities to assert the country’s interests within the common institutional system of Austria-Hungary, a series of economic policy measures, efforts to gain ground economically, mainly in the south-east, and, to a certain extent and in certain points, the goal of creating a Hungarian nation state emerged as means of achieving expansionist goals. Although the political elite could rightly feel that the country’s room for manoeuvre, weight, and ability to assert its interests within the Monarchy had increased, giving rise to a certain optimism, this proved to be a kind of optical illusion. It is true that Hungary’s clout within the Monarchy had increased, but the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy was steadily losing its importance compared to the other great powers, so the Hungarian elite could formulate its ambitious goals as a strengthening element of a weakening Empire.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Investigation of the Applicability of Y2O3–ZrO2 Spherical Nanoparticles as Tribological Lubricant Additives

Máté Zs Leskó D. Tóth I. Szabó H. Hargitai

Publication Name: Lubricants

Publication Date: 2022-07-01

Volume: 10

Issue: 7

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Long-term environmental goals will motivate the automotive industry, component suppliers, and lubricating oil developers to reduce the friction of their tribosystems to improve overall efficiency and wear for increased component lifetime. Nanoscale ceramic particles have been shown to form a protective layer on components’ surface that reduces wear rate with its high hardness and chemical resistance. One such ceramic is yttria (Y2O3), which has an excellent anti-wear effect, but due to its rarity it would be extremely expensive to produce engine lubricant made from it. Therefore, part of the yttria is replaced by zirconia (ZrO2) with similar physical properties. The study presents the result of the experimental tribological investigation of nanosized yttria–zirconia ceramic mixture as an engine lubricant additive. Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nanoparticle was used as the basis for the ratio of the ceramic mixture, so that the weight ratio of yttria–zirconia in the resulting mixture was determined to be 11:69. After the evaluation of the ball-on-disc tribological measurements, it can be stated that the optimal concentration was 0.4 wt%, which reduced the wear diameter by 30% and the wear volume by 90% at the same coefficient of friction. High-resolution SEM analysis showed a significant amount of zirconia on the surface, but no yttria was found.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/lubricants10070152

Nonlinear moving horizon predictive control of ground vehicles

Gyorgy Max Bela Lantos

Publication Name: Cinti 2014 15th IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Informatics Proceedings

Publication Date: 2014-01-30

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 421-426

Description:

The paper deals with the approximately time-optimal control of automatically driven cars modeled with gear shift as discrete control input beside the continuous ones in a path between two path boundaries. The path boundaries are defined by their corner points that may be the result of image processing in real time or prescribed in advance. The path is divided into sections for which separate optimum control problems are solved in a nonlinear moving horizon predictive control (NMHPC) fashion increasing the semi-online character of the approach. In each section the problem can be formulated as a mixed-integer optimal control problem (MIOCP). The resulting MIOCP is solved by reformulating it to static mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) using time discretization and direct multiple shooting method. Non-commercial open software packages are applied that substantially use the gradients of the objective function and the Jacobians of the constraints exploiting sparsity. The elaborated method can be applied both for combustion engine and electric driven cars. It can also form the basis to generate an offline database of a central general collision avoidance system (CAS) for varying path parameters on a grid which can further support real time applications.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CINTI.2014.7028712

Logic testing of CMOS structures

Jozsef Sziray

Publication Name: Iccc 2004 Second IEEE International Conference on Computational Cybernetics Proceedings

Publication Date: 2004-12-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 59-64

Description:

The paper presents a test calculation principle which serves for producing tests of switch-level logic faults in CMOS digital circuits. The considered fault model includes stuck-at-0/1 logic faults on the connecting lines, as well as switch faults in the transistors. Both single and multiple faults are included. The transistor faults manifest themselves in stuck open (open circuit) and stuck short (short circuit) behavior. In this paper only combinational logic circuits are taken into consideration. The calculation principle is comparatively simple. It is based only on successive line-value justification, and it yields an opportunity to be realized by an efficient computer program. ©2004 IEEE.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Toward Sustainable 3D Printing: Tensile Mechanical Comparison of PLA/PBAT Biopolymer Blend and TPU in MEX Additive Manufacturing †

László Lendvai Sándor K. Jakab

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 113

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

A biopolymer blend of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephtalate) (PBAT) in a 60/40 weight ratio was investigated as a potential green alternative to thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) for material extrusion (MEX)-based additive manufacturing. A comparison of the two materials was conducted based on their tensile mechanical properties, evaluated using 3D-printed specimens fabricated with three distinct infill raster orientations (0°, ±45°, and 90°). The results showed that the tensile strengths of the two materials were relatively similar, ranging from 14.7 to 34.8 MPa, depending on the raster angle. However, the stiffness of PLA/PBAT was considerably higher than that of TPU, as reflected by Young’s modulus values an order of magnitude greater. While the elongation at break was comparable at 0° infill orientation (214% for PLA/PBAT and 265% for TPU), TPU exhibited better tolerance to increasing raster angles, with elongation only decreasing to 134% at 90°. In contrast, PLA/PBAT dropped drastically to 2%.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2025113022

Machine Olfaction to Evaluate the Stability of the Odor Profile of Pancakes Enriched with Docosahexaenoic Acid and Anthocyanins

Tamás Tóth Éva Csavajda George Bázár Francesco Capozzi Carlos Pineda-Vadillo Alessandra Bordoni Hajnalka Hingyi Haruna Gado Yakubu Csaba Palkó Didier Dupont

Publication Name: Food Analytical Methods

Publication Date: 2022-07-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 7

Page Range: 1961-1967

Description:

Increasing consumer awareness on good health has drawn the attention to health promoting natural dietary substances. However, since the organoleptic profile of foods highly influences the consumers’ preference, and it is often decisive in the purchase, it is important to objectively describe and evaluate the effect of the applied bioactive ingredients on aroma. In this study, pancakes enriched with docosahexaenoic acid and anthocyanins were tested with electronic sensor array technology against control products. Samples were analyzed with an Alpha MOS FOX4000 electronic nose (EN) after 20 to 297 days of frozen storage at −20 °C. Multivariate analysis of the acquired EN data showed a strong relation between the number of days that samples were stored and the odor describing sensor signals of enriched samples (R2 = 0.59), but the observed relation was broken in the case of control (not enriched) samples (R2 = 0.08). When a supervised classification of enriched and control samples was done, the ratio of correctly identified samples in cross-validation was 95.1% at short-term storage (< 140 days), while the hit rate dropped to 80.4% at prolonged storage (> 140 days). This signified the existing but less intensive odor differences. The electronic nose technology was proven to be applicable in the characterization of one type of bioactive-enriched foods, while it was also useful in the monitoring of odor alterations during storage.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02232-3