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Publications - 6374

Placebo and Nocebo Effects on Sports and Exercise Performance: A Systematic Literature Review Update

Bhavya Chhabra Attila Szabo

Publication Name: Nutrients

Publication Date: 2024-07-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 13

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Sports performance could be affected by placebo and nocebo effects. The last literature review on placebo and nocebo effects on sports and exercise performance was published in 2019. In the past five years, several new studies have been published. This review aimed to update the previous synthesis and evaluate the results of new studies focusing on placebo or nocebo interventions in sports and exercise by determining the form and magnitude of their effect. Hence, we searched for empirical studies published from 2019 until the end of May 2024 indexed in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Google Scholar databases. The search yielded 20 eligible studies with control or baseline-control conditions, focusing on nutritional, mechanical, and other mixed ergogenic aids. They yielded small to large placebo effects (Cohen’s d) for nutritional (d = 0.86), mechanical (d = 0.38), cream and gel (d = 0.05), and open-label placebo (d = 0.16) interventions. The pooled effect size for placebo effects was moderate to large (d = 0.67), larger than in the earlier review, suggesting that placebo effects can improve motor performance even more than previously reported. However, based on five measures from three studies, the nocebo effects were almost twice as large (d = 1.20). Accordingly, the current findings support and expand the last review in the field by yielding additional support for placebo and nocebo effects in sports and exercise.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/nu16131975

Psychological Characteristics of Young Motocross (MX) Riders Based on Hungarian Championship Races †

Ferenc Ihász Tamás Gyömörei Zsolt Bálint Katona László Kerner Zoltán Alföldi

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 79

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Motocross (MX) requires physical and psychological fitness, so the performance of the individual is crucial to success. The aim of this study is to describe psychological characteristics measured under competitive conditions among successful adolescent MX riders. Methods: Eight young Hungarian MX riders were analyzed using the Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) model. Results: The pleasure component was lower, while tension and stressors were almost always greater after the race than before, regardless of the result achieved. Conclusion: Further research is needed to ensure the outstanding performance of riders combined with high-quality technical training and psychological preparation.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2024079081

Machine translation: Can it be a way of communication in a workgroup?

Agnes Varga

Publication Name: Idimt 2010 Information Technology Human Values Innovation and Economy 18th Interdisciplinary Information Management Talks

Publication Date: 2010-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 387-395

Description:

This paper focuses on the quality of machine translation and post-editing. Machine translation and post-editing proved to be useful in an enterprise environment as a fast and inexpensive way of translation. A software tool has been made to detect the edit distance between an orginal, raw machine translated text and its post-edited version. After detecting the edit operations (insertion, deletion, substitution and move) the editions have been (and will be further) analyzed to attempt to scale these editions according to frequency and gravity, so that later these results can be used for a tool for semi- or completely automatic post-editing.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

A survey on hardware and software solutions for multimodal wearable assistive devices targeting the visually impaired

Adam Csapo Myounghoon Jeon Gyorgy Wersenyi

Publication Name: Acta Polytechnica Hungarica

Publication Date: 2016-01-01

Volume: 13

Issue: 5

Page Range: 39-63

Description:

The market penetration of user-centric assistive devices has rapidly increased in the past decades. Growth in computational power, accessibility, and “cognitive” device capabilities have been accompanied by significant reductions in weight, size, and price, as a result of which mobile and wearable equipment are becoming part of our everyday life. In this context, a key focus of development has been on rehabilitation engineering and on developing assistive technologies targeting people with various disabilities, including hearing loss, visual impairments and others. Applications range from simple health monitoring such as sport activity trackers, through medical applications including sensory (e.g. hearing) aids and real-time monitoring of life functions, to task-oriented tools such as navigational devices for the blind. This paper provides an overview of recent trends in software and hardware-based signal processing relevant to the development of wearable assistive solutions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

A fuzzy bacterial evolutionary solution for crisp three-dimensional bin packing problems

Peter Foldesi Dányádi Zsolt Laszlo T. Koczy

Publication Name: IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems

Publication Date: 2012-10-23

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This paper presents an evolutionary quasi-solution for a problem commonly occurring in practical logistics, the three-dimensional version of the bin packing problem. The algorithm presented here is a variation of the bacterial evolutionary approach, and utilizes fuzzy logic in the fitness calculation. The goal is to give a useful alternative method to the basic problem, and to demonstrate that the addition of fuzzy logic elements to the fitness function increases the speed of the evolutionary process. The paper first describes the specific problem, then moves on to the details of every key part of the algorithm. Finally, the results from a number of test runs are used to show the general efficiency, and the contrast between the crisp and fuzzy fitness functions. It is clearly shown that the application of fuzzy approach in the fitness function can improve the speed of convergence, so the fuzzy logic can be helpful even in solving crisp problems. © 2012 IEEE.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/FUZZ-IEEE.2012.6251262

Dietary inclusion of defatted silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) pupa meal in broiler chickens: phase feeding effects on nutritional and sensory meat quality

Eszter Zsédely Marco Cullere Yazavinder Singh Antonella Dalle Zotte Bianca Palumbo Barbara Contiero

Publication Name: Poultry Science

Publication Date: 2024-07-01

Volume: 103

Issue: 7

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The present experiment was conducted to test the effect of a 4% defatted silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae meal (SWM) incorporation into chickens’ diets at different growth phases on meat quality characteristics and sensory traits. Ninety ROSS 308 day-old male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 3 dietary groups, with 5 replicated pens/diet: the first group received a control (C) diet throughout the growing period of 42 d, the second group received a diet with 4% SWM (SWM1) during the starter phase (1–10 d) and the C diet up to slaughter, whereas the third group was fed the C diet during the starter phase and 4% SWM during the grower and finisher phases (SWM2). Diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergy, and birds had free access to feed and water throughout the experimental trial. At 42 d of age, 15 chickens/treatment were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir. Fatty acid (FA) and amino acid (AA) profiles and contents of meat, as well as its oxidative status, were determined in both breast and leg meat cuts. Also, a descriptive sensory analysis was performed on breast meat by trained panelists. Results highlighted that the SWM2 treatment increased the n-3 proportion and content in both breast and leg meat, thereby improving the omega-6/omega-3 (n-6/n-3) ratio in both cuts (P < 0.001). However, the dietary treatment had no significant effect on the oxidative status of either breast or leg meat (P > 0.05). The SWM had a limited impact on overall sensory traits of breast meat, but it contributed to improve meat tenderness in SWM-fed chickens (P < 0.01). Furthermore, SWM1 meat exhibited higher juiciness (P < 0.05) and off flavor intensity (P < 0.05) compared to the control meat. Overall, the present experiment indicated that defatted SWM holds promise as an alternative ingredient in chicken rations, ensuring satisfactory meat quality. Furthermore, administering SWM during the grower-finisher phase demonstrated beneficial effects on meat healthiness, ultimately enhancing n-3 fatty acids content and reducing the n-6/n-3 ratio.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103812

Progress on joint experiments on small tokamaks

No authors available

Publication Name: 34th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics 2007, EPS 2007 - Europhysics Conference Abstracts

Publication Date: 2007-12-01

Volume: 31

Issue: 1

Page Range: 435-438

Description:

Open Access: No

DOI: DOI not available

New and little-known Diapheridae of Cambodia and Thailand (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Streptaxoidea)

Chirasak Sutcharit Barna Páll-Gergely András Hunyadi

Publication Name: Raffles Bulletin of Zoology

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 72

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 203-213

Description:

To date, the genus Diaphera Albers, 1850 was represented by a single species (D. prima Panha, 2010) in Thailand, and another (D. saurini Benthem Jutting, 1962) was known from Cambodia. Here we report D. prima for the first time from Cambodia, and describe two new species (D. pongrati, new species, D. parini, new species) from Eastern Thailand. Both new species live sympatrically with D. prima, which is reported here from Chachoengsao, Chon Buri, Rayong, and Sa Kaeo Provinces.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2024-0017

Calcium oscillations in fertilized pig oocytes are associated with repetitive interactions between STIM1 and ORAI1

Chi Hong Chao Lu Zhang Zoltan Machaty Ágnes Bali Papp Laurie A. Jaeger

Publication Name: Biology of Reproduction

Publication Date: 2018-04-01

Volume: 98

Issue: 4

Page Range: 510-519

Description:

The Ca 2+ entry mechanism that sustains the Ca 2+ oscillations in fertilized pig oocytes was investigated. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and ORAI1 proteins tagged with various fluorophores were expressed in the oocytes. In some cells, the Ca 2+ stores were depleted using cyclopiazonic acid (CPA); others were inseminated. Changes in the oocytes' cytosolic free Ca 2+ concentration were monitored, while interaction between the expressed fusion proteins was investigated using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Store depletion led to an increase of the FRET signal in oocytes co-expressing mVenus-STIM1 and mTurquoise2-ORAI1, indicating that Ca 2+ release was followed by an interaction between these proteins. A similar FRET increase in response to CPA was also detected in oocytes co-expressing mVenus-STIM1 and mTurquoise2-STIM1, which is consistent with STIM1 forming punctae after store depletion. ML-9, an inhibitor that can interfere with STIM1 puncta formation, blocked store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE) induced by Ca 2+ add-back after a CPA treatment; it also disrupted the Ca 2+ oscillations in fertilized oocytes. In addition, oocytes overexpressing mVenus-STIM1 showed high-frequency Ca 2+ oscillations when fertilized, arguing for an active role of the protein. High-frequency Ca 2+ oscillations were also detected in fertilized oocytes co-expressing mVenus-STIM1 and mTurquoise2-ORAI1, and both of these high-frequency Ca 2+ oscillations could be stopped by inhibitors of SOCE. Importantly, in oocytes co-expressing mVenus-STIM1 and mTurquoise2-ORAI1, we were also able to detect cyclic increases of the FRET signal indicating repetitive interactions between STIM1 and ORAI1. The results confirm the notion that in pig oocytes, SOCE is involved in the maintenance of the repetitive Ca 2+ transients at fertilization.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy016