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Authors - 9551
Publications - 6278
Measuring the Mechanical Effects of Egg Transport in Field and Modelled Conditions
Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions
Publication Date: 2024-01-01
Volume: 114
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 979-984
Description:
Global food demand is expected to double by 2050, putting immense pressure on agro-food supply chains. As non-agricultural activities gain prominence within the food supply chain, a systemic approach is needed to address sustainability challenges. However, this is a learning process, because of the complexity of hatching egg transport, similar to a three-arm balance of transport condition, packaging material and egg quality. Changes made in the name of sustainability can sometimes cause unintended negative effects. Plastic trays are often favoured over paper ones for sustainability purposes in egg transport. However, they may contribute to higher egg breakage and reduced hatchability, increasing the carbon footprint due to the loss of day-old chicks. Since hatching eggs are more valuable than table eggs, any damage during transport results in greater economic loss. This study investigated the mechanical impact on eggs during 41 road transports, utilizing g-force acceleration loggers to collect data. A significant relationship was found between cargo weight, egg breakage, hatchability, embryo mortality, and g-force frequency. Seasonality also played a crucial role in hatchability, even when transport temperatures were within acceptable limits. Simulated trials using vibrating transport devices were conducted to better control mechanical impact. Eggs from one flock were used to minimize variables. Results showed a significant (P<0.05) reduction in hatchability (91.06 % vs. 82.81 %) when transported on plastic trays compared to paper ones. At higher vibration levels, even paper trays could not protect the eggs, with hatchability decreasing significantly (P<0.05) to 64.8 %. These trials indicated that plastic trays had a greater negative impact on hatchability, but at extreme impact levels (47.22 m/s2), even paper trays failed to offer adequate protection, reducing hatchability by 15.9 %. Considering both hatchability losses and egg breakage provides a more comprehensive understanding of sustainability in egg transport, raising the question of whether plastic trays are truly sustainable if transport conditions cannot be improved.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3303/CET24114164
Slope stabilisation of railway embankments over loose subgrades using deep-mixed columns
Publication Name: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Ground Improvement
Publication Date: 2022-12-01
Volume: 175
Issue: 4
Page Range: 247-260
Description:
An investigation was undertaken into the stability of railway embankment slopes over soft subgrades stabilised by deep-mixed columns (DMCs). Three 1:10 scale laboratory embankments were constructed over unreinforced and reinforced subgrade with DMCs in square and triangle patterns. The load-settlement responses of both embankments and columns were measured. The laboratory embankments were then mathematically modelled and the results were compared. After validation, a comprehensive parametric study was carried out to evaluate the factor of safety (FoS) of the embankment side slopes against sliding. Five embankment soil types from poor to high strength, three heights from 1.5 to 10 m and various DMC improvement area ratios from 0 to 65% were considered. The experimental outcomes indicated an increase of nearly 63% in the bearing capacity of both DMC-supported embankments compared with the unreinforced one. Regarding the parametric study, a minimum required FoS of 1.5 was observed for 1.5 m embankments of all soil types stabilised with a 60% improvement ratio. The greatest safety increase was associated with a 1.5 m height embankment with poor soil type, which showed a 36% increase.
Open Access: Yes
The impact of sample retention and further analysis on doping behavior and detection: evidence from agent-based simulations
Publication Name: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 7
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Introduction: Despite extensive testing efforts in anti-doping work, a persistent gap remains between low doping detection rates and substantially higher estimated doping prevalence in sports. Sample Retention and Further Analysis (SFA), which allows samples to be stored for up to ten years for future testing, offers a potential strategy to close this gap by increasing both detection and deterrence of doping. Methods: This study employs an agent-based modeling approach to simulate interactions among key stakeholders: athletes, anti-doping organizations, laboratories, and event organizers. The model captures athlete decision-making regarding doping, influenced by perceived sanction certainty and swiftness. SFA parameters, such as number of stored samples and duration of storage, were systematically varied to assess their impact. Results: Simulations show that increasing both the quantity of stored/retested samples and the storage duration reduces doping prevalence. A combined approach yields the strongest effect, with higher detection rates and lower doping behavior. However, regression analysis reveals diminishing returns at higher implementation levels, suggesting a non-linear effect. Discussion: The findings provide quantitative evidence that SFA enhances not only detection capacity but also deterrence by increasing the perceived long-term risk of sanctions. Effective SFA implementation requires strategic calibration to optimize impact. These results underscore the potential of SFA as a key component in anti-doping strategies and call for empirical validation and integration of additional behavioral factors in future research.
Open Access: Yes
Servitization of public service processes with a simulation modelling approach
Publication Name: Engineering Management in Production and Services
Publication Date: 2020-09-01
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page Range: 116-131
Description:
This article aims to examine how the theory of co-production can be connected with servitization and digitalisation and used together for the public service development with the help of discrete-event simulation modelling to highlight time-related deficiencies of a complex public service process, which is most commonly used by patchwork families. Data was taken from the Guardianship Office in Gyor (Hungary), based on which in-depth interviews were conducted. Based on the legal background and the interviews, the authors of the article created the process model of the contacting procedure. Based on the model, discrete-event simulation was used to identify the process elements for potential improvement through servitization. Discrete-event simulation showed the insufficiency of national regulation regarding the whole process and weaknesses of the contacting procedures in terms of quality and success. Basic reasons were found for the dissatisfaction expressed by participants of the procedures (administrators and customers). The increasing customer demand for high quality and efficient public services and failures in the New Public Management (NPM) in Eastern European countries require other approaches to advance. The paper connects the theory of co-production and servitization in a public service context and demonstrates how a complex public service can be examined with this approach to find possible improvements. The government must change the process regulation considering the number of the cases, the workload of administrators and family types (divorced or patchwork). The emphasis should be placed on the training and experience of administrators.
Open Access: Yes
Model-based control algorithm development of induction machines by using a well-defined model architecture and rapid control prototyping
Publication Name: Electrical Engineering
Publication Date: 2020-09-01
Volume: 102
Issue: 3
Page Range: 1103-1116
Description:
This paper presents a new control algorithm development approach for induction machines by using model-based design and a systematically built model architecture implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. The model architecture follows a three-layer structure, and it is developed according to the principle of functional decomposition and the needs of reusability and expandability. The first model layer consists of elementary model and algorithm components, the second contains a machine simulation model and a field-oriented control (FOC) algorithm, built upon the first layer’s components, and the third realises the executable models by connecting the models and algorithms defined in the second layer. Furthermore, rapid control prototyping (RCP) is discussed as an experimental validation method, and an experimental setup with RCP is also introduced. The application of the presented methods is demonstrated by simulations as well as by experiments, and by using a control algorithm based on FOC as an example.
Open Access: Yes
5G Networks in the Value Chain
Publication Name: Wireless Personal Communications
Publication Date: 2021-03-01
Volume: 117
Issue: 2
Page Range: 1577-1599
Description:
As Information and Communication Technologies are evolving rapidly and at an exponential pace‚ businesses are forced to cope with the latest trends in innovation and to respond to emerging needs and opportunities. The constant digitization and process automation (digitalization) of supply chains call for the consideration of innovative services to sustain value chain efficiency and effectiveness. Given the approaching technological developments‚ the new network upgrades embodied in 5G networks raises several high expectations along the value chain. This paper recognizes the critical role of 5G telecommunications to support several value chain activities and create value propositions that would not be possible with existing network generations. To this end‚ Porter’s value chain model is applied and comprehensively discussed to highlight the potential areas that could be facilitated by 5G telecommunications.
Open Access: Yes
Floristic and vegetation change on the Sphagnum-dominated mire of Egerbakta
Publication Name: Kitaibelia
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 30
Issue: 1
Page Range: 129-138
Description:
Since 1988, open stands of Menyanthes trifoliata have disappeared, communities of Carex rostrata have declined, and the Sphagnum-dominated willow carr has expanded. The mire’s central associations include Caricetum rostratae, Salici cinereae–Sphagnetum recurvi sphagnetosum squarrosi, and Calamagrosti–Salicetum cinereae. In the mainly nudum lagg zone, the following communities occur: Bidenti–Polygonetum hydropiperis, Bidenti–Polygonetum hydropiperis urticetosum dioicae, Caricetum acutiformis, Juncetum effusi, Glycerietum maximae, and a community dominated by Poa nemoralis. We recorded 77 vascular plant species, 62 of which were new to the site. Rare species have declined in number: Menyanthes trifoliata and Cicuta virosa are now absent, and of the former eight Sphagnum species, only Sphagnum squarrosum remains. The original Salici cinereae–Sphagnetum recurvi sphagnetosum recurvi subassociation transitioned into Salici cinereae–Sphagnetum recurvi sphagnetosum squarrosi after the mire remained completely dry and peat-moss-free for several years around 2000. Central communities reflect a cool, moderately acidic, oligotrophic environment with low pH and conductivity. In contrast, lagg vegetation indicates warmer, nutrient-rich, less acidic conditions. The mire’s most valuable zone is its central, Sphagnum-rich area, whose preservation depends on a natural water supply maintained by continuous forest cover in the catchment and stable or reduced large game populations.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.17542/kit.30.068
The effect of dietary glycerol supplementation on milk production and composition, blood parameters and performance of lactating sows
Publication Name: Livestock Science
Publication Date: 2019-12-01
Volume: 230
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Modern lactating sows have an increased demand for nutrients for the large litter size compared to the traditional genotypes. Glycerol is considered to be a good alternative to moderate the energy deficiency and provide energy supply in the feed of lactating sow. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of a liquid “feed grade” glycerol source on the milk production and milk composition of sows including its fatty acid profile, on the major physiological indicators of sows, and on the digestibility of nutrients. The trial was conducted with Danish Landrace×Danish Yorkshire (323±17.0 kg) sows (n = 12/treatment) and their litters. 5% glycerol supplementation increased the milk yield on d 21 of lactation [control (C): 8.94±2.27 kg/d vs. 5% glycerol (G): 10.39±1.56 kg/d; P<0.05], but had no effect on the milk production of the total lactation period (P>0.05). Glycerol inclusion decreased the milk protein content on d 14 and d 21 and had a decreasing effect on the milk protein (CP) content in the total lactation period, either (C: 5.33±0.40 g/100 g milk vs. G: 5.15.±0.33 g/100 g milk; P<0.05). Glycerol supplementation did not influence the dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE) and lactose content. 5% glycerol did not have any effect on the feed intake, live weight, back-fat thickness, and weaning-to-oestrus interval of lactating sows and neither did significantly influence the weaning weight of the piglets. There was no difference between control and experimental groups in total protein, albumin and triglyceride concentration of blood samples of sows and in the activity of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT), but there was a tendency (P<0.10) for increased plasma glucose (C: 4.94±0.29 mmol/L vs. G: 5.17±0.55 mmol/L) and cholesterol (C: 2.10±0.27 mmol/L vs. G: 2.34±0.33 mmol/L) in the experimental group. Due to the 5% glycerol supplementation, the ratio of total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) of the milk fat decreased (C: 43.47±3.37 g/100 g fatty acid vs. G: 39.39±4.51 g/100 g fatty acid; P<0.05). In the SFAs group the ratio of C14:0 and C16:0 fatty acids decreased significantly compared with the control group (P<0.05). In contrast, there was a tendency for increased total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) content of the milk (C: 43.62±2.54 g/100 g fatty acid vs. G: 47.11±4.29 g/100 g fatty acid; P<0.10) but the total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) content was not affected (C: 12.88±1.23 g/100 g fatty acid vs. G: 13.50±0.64 g/100 g fatty acid;). The total n-3 PUFAs proportion in the milk increased (C: 0.63±0.06 vs. G: 0.68±0.05; P<0.05). No differences were observed in the apparent total tract digestibility of DM, CP, EE and crude fiber between control and experimental groups. Our findings have shown that 5% “feed grade” glycerol can be fed with lactating sows without having a negative effect on the performance. Additional dose trials are needed to be performed in order to further study the effect of glycerol supplementation on milk production and on metabolic processes of lactating sows.
Open Access: Yes
Vehicle dynamic-based approach for the optimization of traffic parameters of the intelligent driver model (IDM) and for the support of autonomous vehicles’ driving ability
Publication Name: Acta Polytechnica Hungarica
Publication Date: 2019-01-01
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Page Range: 121-140
Description:
The research identifies the dynamical parameters in the area of mechanics within the base of traffic model parameters used by the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM), which are the highest acceleration parameters set by the vehicle, the desired speed parameters of the vehicle and the distance-keeping parameters of the vehicle. All this facilitates the automatic control of autonomous electric vehicles in certain vehicle groups.
Open Access: Yes
