Petra Kinga Kézai
57377461700
Publications - 21
Positive Motherhood at Work: Factors Supporting a Sustainable Workforce Through Reintegration After Returning from Maternity Leave
Publication Name: International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies
Publication Date: 2025-03-04
Volume: 8
Issue: 2
Page Range: 3789-3796
Description:
This study explores sustainability through the successful reintegration of women into the workforce following maternity leave. It aims to identify the key factors that contribute to positive motherhood at work and their role in building a sustainable workforce. The research is based on a systematic literature review using Scopus-indexed sources from 2006 to 2024, focusing on "maternity leave" and "wellbeing." The study applies a grounded theory approach to analyze existing organizational policies and workplace practices that influence female employees' reintegration. The findings highlight the necessity of a supportive work environment that facilitates the balance between career and motherhood. Key factors affecting reintegration include organizational policies, workplace culture, and supervisor support. The study also identifies gaps in existing research and the need for further empirical studies on reintegration practices in different industries and countries. Successful reintegration of women after maternity leave is essential for fostering a resilient and inclusive workforce. Organizations that implement supportive measures enhance employee retention, satisfaction, and overall workplace sustainability. The study's insights will inform primary research on reintegration policies in commercial banks across multiple countries. The findings will serve as a foundation for developing a model and best practices to improve the reintegration of women post-maternity leave. This research has broader implications for policymakers, HR professionals, and organizations aiming to promote gender equality and workforce sustainability.
Open Access: Yes
Remarks on the rural development of the cultural and creative industries in North-Western Hungary-The results of a qualitative focus group research and a case study in the region of Szigetköz, Hungary
Publication Name: International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 8
Issue: 3
Page Range: 4865-4873
Description:
This study investigates the potential of the cultural and creative industries (CCIs) in the rural Szigetköz region in North-Western Hungary, a cross-border area between the Danube and the Moson Danube with significant natural resources. The research examines the situation of the CCIs to answer the following question: What are the latent potentials of the CCI area in the region? The study aims first to present the meaning and importance of the concept of CCI in rural and regional development, then assess the importance of CCI through focus group discussions with the stakeholders of the CCI, and finally, a case study of the region, which is a civil association. As a result of the research, the region needs to rely on several pillars, e.g., for the city of Győr to rely on, besides the automotive industry, the creative economy. The paper concludes with suggestions and further research directions for the regional development of CCIs in rural areas.
Open Access: Yes
A Study of Unmanned Store Adoption among University Students: A Control Variable Perspective
Publication Name: Decision Making Applications in Management and Engineering
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Page Range: 364-379
Description:
In the past nine years, a significant trend has emerged in the retail sector with the rise of cashier less and unmanned stores. This technological innovation is becoming increasingly widespread across various countries, although its availability remains somewhat limited in Hungary. The current study investigates the extent to which students in Hungarian higher education institutions are willing to adopt this technology. It explores the factors influencing attitudes toward cashierless shopping, using the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) as the theoretical framework. Seven hypotheses were formulated based on a comprehensive review of existing literature and research models. In addition to these core hypotheses, the study also assessed whether three control variables income, gender, and location had an impact on key latent variables within the model. Data collection was conducted via an online questionnaire, which garnered responses from 843 participants. The study employed variance-based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to analyse and test the proposed research model. The results revealed that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and hedonic motivation had a strong and positive influence on behavioural intention toward using cashier less stores. Regarding the control variables, significant relationships were identified between income and atmosphere variable, as well as income and price sensitivity. Furthermore, gender was found to have a significant influence on hedonic motivation, suggesting that these demographic factors play a moderating role in shaping attitudes toward unmanned store technology. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers in the retail industry who are considering the implementation of cashier less technology. The diffusion of this technology is expected to grow, making it crucial to investigate factors that influence not only intentions but also the actual use of unmanned stores.
Open Access: Yes
Impact of proximity from chemical and pharmaceutical universities on startup founding: empirical evidence from the Visegrad countries
Publication Name: Discover Sustainability
Publication Date: 2024-12-01
Volume: 5
Issue: 1
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
This paper examines the spatial distribution of chemical startups in the Visegrad Countries (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, and Hungary), highlighting their potential to drive technological innovation by creating new products or services under conditions of high uncertainty. The study focuses on the proximity of these startups to medical or chemical universities and those with biotechnological research fields to better understand their geographical patterns and potential knowledge spillovers. Data were drawn from Crunchbase, a comprehensive startup database, resulting in a final sample of approximately 333 operational chemical, pharmaceutical, or biotechnological startups. Companies were identified using keyword-based searches, while startup locations and distances to the nearest medical universities were recorded. Statistical methods were applied to assess spatial patterns. Results indicate that these startups are frequently located in cities with biotechnological, chemical, or medical universities. Our findings highlight different types of startup activities and levels of financial support across the Visegrad countries, emphasising the role of chemical startups in fostering technological advancement and sustainable development.
Open Access: Yes
Adoption of unmanned, cashierless retail technology in Croatia: A study on student perceptions
Publication Name: Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review
Publication Date: 2024-12-01
Volume: 12
Issue: 4
Page Range: 115-133
Description:
Objective: The objective of the article is to examine the technology acceptance of unmanned, cashierless technology. Since 2015, several startups have developed a new technology innovation called unmanned, cash-ierless technology, which has been steadily spreading globally over the past nine years. This study presents an analysis of user acceptance of this innovation among students in higher education institutions in Croatia. Research Design & Methods: We examined factors influencing attitudes towards cashless transactions within the framework of the unified theory of technology acceptance and use (UTAUT2). We developed seven hypotheses based on previous literature and research models. We conducted the research through an online survey of Croatian students (n=406). We applied variance-based structural equitation modelling (PLS-SEM) to analyse the primary database. Findings: The new trend in smart retail could help retailers to find a new way to improve their competitiveness. Based on our results, most UTAUT2 predictors such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social in-fluence, hedonic motivation, and price sensitivity significantly influence behavioural intention. Implications & Recommendations: This study offers implications for existing research on the new technology acceptance and contributes to relevant literature on customer behaviour. Given the importance of customer per-ception to improve business performance, the current study has some implications for marketers and retailers. Contribution & Value Added: Investigating the adoption of unmanned, cashless technology, particularly among Generation Z, is an important and actual topic. This research can guide stakeholders and policymakers who are planning to introduce this cashierless technology. Based on the factors analysed, we can identify important and less important factors influencing consumers’ intentions. In this way, we can identify certain preferences of the target group analysed and use it as a basis for targeting them (e.g., in a campaign) when opening new stores.
Open Access: Yes
Remarks on the location theories of startups: A case study on the Visegrad countries
Publication Name: Regional Science Policy and Practice
Publication Date: 2024-09-01
Volume: 16
Issue: 9
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Startups, understood as new forms of innovative and fast-growth ventures, are emerging in traditional industries, creating intense competition and displacing former leaders. Our study focuses on location theory embedded in institutional and resource context and its application to startups in the Visegrad countries. We know a lot about the location choices made by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). However, research on the location preferences of startups is limited, especially within the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe. We investigated the differences in location decisions between startups and SMEs and those between startups located in metropolitan areas and rural areas. A study on the location decisions of startups was conducted in 2021 using mixed methods. The research showed that local factors strongly influence startups. It may seem obvious that large cities provide startups with access to resources, markets and support through the local innovation ecosystem. However, our analysis identified three significant differences between startups and traditional SMEs regarding location choice. For startups, the availability of skilled workforce and an R&D center/research university is more difficult. In contrast, local (family) ties and rootedness are more important for rural startups than metropolitan ones. This study provides new evidence on how spatial externalities affect innovative startups in the Visegrad countries and identifies factors that influence the location of startups in urban and rural areas, with a particular focus on Hungarian startups. For the latter, the study shows that state aid to startups has an ambiguous effect on the shape of the ecosystem, producing contradictory effects on the development of startups in the region. Given the methodological limitations described in our paper, further research is advisable to deepen the study of localization theory in the context of startups in the CEE region, especially in the V4 counties.
Open Access: Yes
Sustainable travel to school programs in Hungary Role of Pedibus and Bicibus pilot programs today
Publication Name: Civil Szemle
Publication Date: 2024-03-21
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Page Range: 71-88
Description:
In the context of modern urban development, various socio-technical innovations have proliferated in response to urban challenges, offering well-defined solutions. Since the 1970s, the so-called ‚backseat generation’, a group of children whose parents drive them to school every day, has emerged in developed countries, particularly in urban areas. This phenomenon has many negative effects on children, the environment and urban spaces. The present study addresses the issue of urban transport management, in particular the issue of daily school transport. It aims to present, based on literature analysis, good international examples, such as the pedibus and the bicycle bus, which emphasise local values and resources in the light of the ‚slow city’ concept. The study concludes with a presentation and evaluation of the pilot programmes (Pedibus in Gödöllő and Bicibus in Pécs) that have also become established in Hungary in recent years. These programmes offer a supervised, safe, group-based solution for school children and their families to go to school, and build community between different generations.
Open Access: Yes
Using UTAUT2 modeling to investigate user acceptance of cashless technologies among university students in Hungary
Publication Name: Statisztikai Szemle
Publication Date: 2024-01-01
Volume: 102
Issue: 4
Page Range: 344-366
Description:
In recent years, a new retail trend has emerged in the form of cashierless shops. The technology is appearing in more and more countries around the world and we are already seeing this innovative technology in Hungary. This study investigates the user acceptance of this technology among students in Hungarian higher education institutions. It examines the factors that influence attitudes towards cashierless transactions within the adapted framework of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2). Seven hypotheses were formulated based on previous literature and the research model. An online questionnaire survey was applied to investigate technology acceptance (n=959). During the questionnaire, respondents rated a total of 29 statements on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 7. The variance-based structural equations (PLS-SEM) method was used for the research model analysis and hypothesis testing. The results show that the behavioural intention is significantly and positively influenced by performance expectancy, social influence and hedonic motivation. Furthermore, price sensitivity has been shown to have a significant negative effect on behavioural intention. The results of this research can serve as a guide for practitioners and policy makers who are planning to implement this technology. And the diffusion of cashierless technology provides an opportunity to replicate the research by examining the factors that influence actual usage.
Open Access: Yes
SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PROGRAMS THAT SERVE AS ACTIVE TRAVEL TO SCHOOL PROGRAMS IN HUNGARY: THE CASE OF PEDIBUS AND BICIBUS
Publication Name: Europa Xxi
Publication Date: 2024-01-01
Volume: 46
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 5-20
Description:
In the context of modern, sustainable urban development, various socio-technical innovations have proliferated in response to urban challenges, offering well-defined solutions. Since the 1970s, the socalled ‘backseat generation’, a group of children whose parents drive them to school daily, has emerged in developed countries, particularly in urban areas. This phenomenon has many adverse effects on children, the environment, and urban spaces. The present study addresses the issue of urban transport management, in particular, the issue of daily active transport to school. Based on literature analysis, it aims to present good international examples, such as the pedibus and the bicycle bus, which emphasize local values and resources in the light of the ‚slow city’ concept. The study concludes with a presentation and evaluation of the pilot programs (Pedibus in Gödöllő and Bicibus in Pécs) that have been established in Hungary in recent years. These programs provide a supervised, safe, group-based solution for school children and their families to get to school and build community between different generations.
Open Access: Yes
Crisis Resilience of Startup Companies (The Case of Hungary among the Visegrad Countries with a Focus on the Pandemic)
Publication Name: Sustainability Switzerland
Publication Date: 2023-05-01
Volume: 15
Issue: 9
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The study examines the crisis resilience of startup companies in Hungary among the Visegrad countries as a result of the pandemic situation. It aims to provide guidance on what support is needed for startups in the post-crisis period to re-launch the economy and to contribute to the region’s economy with positive results. The research was carried out in two stages: first, in 2021 through an online survey, and then, in 2022 in-depth interviews due to the economic crisis caused by COVID-19 and the Russian–Ukrainian war. A mixed research methodology was used, which comprised an online questionnaire administered in the Crunchbase database (n = 97) and in-depth interviews among startup founders and experts of the startup ecosystem (n = 22). The research summarizes the V4 countries’ measures to protect entrepreneurship with a particular focus on startups. The research found that a crisis such as a pandemic did not have a uniformly negative impact on startups. The winners of the economic crisis are startups in IT, healthcare (Medtech. health-tech), e-commerce and digital education, while those who fared worst are startups in tourism and hospitality. The positive impact of the crisis has been a cleansing of the startup ecosystem. Business support measures supported the viable startups and helped them survive.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3390/su15097108
Systematic Review of Cashierless Stores (Just Walk Out Stores) Revolutionizing The Retail
Publication Name: Management and Marketing
Publication Date: 2023-12-01
Volume: 18
Issue: s1
Page Range: 427-448
Description:
The paper aims to examine the evolving retail sector in recent years, specifically how digitalisation and technological innovations have transformed it. All actors have had to adapt to remain competitive. Notably, a new innovation in the retail sector, namely the checkout-free or cashierless store, emerged in 2018. Systematic literature is relied upon to achieve the study's objectives. The significance of this study lies in the use of multiple IT tools such as AI, cameras, sensors, and self-organising shelves to replace human intervention in the retail sector. Globally, several startup companies have developed this new unmanned solution, and Amazon Go stands out as one of the most well-known among them. The primary objective of this pioneering concept is to enhance efficiency by saving time and reducing queues. The aim is to enable customers to enter and exit the store with minimal human contact as quickly as possible. This paper presents the recent trend of the cashierless concept, its evolution, and proliferation. A systematic literature review and data analysis from the Crunchbase Database were conducted. The findings demonstrate that this recent concept is altering both consumers' purchasing behaviours and companies' business models. This paper provides novel perspectives and insights into the wider literature on cashierless concepts and smart retail in the context of digital business.
Open Access: Yes
SISTER CITY NETWORK’S DEVELOPMENT IN CENTRAL-EASTERN EUROPEAN REGIONAL CENTRES
Publication Name: Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management
Publication Date: 2023-08-01
Volume: 18
Issue: 3
Page Range: 5-26
Description:
In recent years, the analysis of contact networks has become increasingly popular in academia. Originally built on cultural understanding and peace through civil diplomacy, twinning, however, is in a state of flux in today's society. This study aims to analyse the network of sister cities in the Central and Eastern European region. This co-operation emerged in Europe in the early 1900s and spread worldwide after the Second World War. The research seeks to answer the question: what kind of sister city networks have developed between Central and Eastern European cities in contemporary times? The analysis focuses on regional centres with spatial functions at NUTS2 level in ten regional countries, with a total of 95 cities with a population of between 100,000 and 1 million inhabitants. The research is based on the Eurostat Urban Audit and the database on twinning and partnership published on the official websites of the cities. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software and the network relationships were examined using the network graphing software Gephi 0.9.5. The research results revealed that twinning partnerships are concentrated mainly in small towns in the Central European geographical region of the continent, and within this region between Hungarian, Polish and Romanian cities. The development of twinning relations is seen as a major opportunity for cities of international importance and macro-regional centres to maintain their competitiveness.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: DOI not available
How Consumers Accept Unmanned Smart Stores? – Introducing a Proposed Technology Acceptance Model
Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions
Publication Date: 2023-01-01
Volume: 107
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 373-378
Description:
Digitalization and technological innovation have revolutionized the retail sector. In recent years, a new trend has emerged in the form of unmanned stores, pioneered by Amazon Go. Unmanned solutions using artificial intelligence are beginning to enter the public consciousness and represent a new sustainability perspective (such as lowering paper waste, packaging or using sustainable construction materials) in trade. Although it is not yet widespread and is still a new solution for consumers, the global market dynamics suggest that it will expand in the future. Unmanned shops pose some challenges, but these can be effectively addressed by the appropriate introduction of new technology. To identify or filter out potential shortcomings of this technology on the consumer side, it is also necessary to examine the acceptance of this technology by customers. In this paper, the internationally accepted Extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model was modified and used to examine how consumers accept this technology. For data analysis, Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling method was applied. In the proposed model six constructs were examined on how they influence the intention to use. In the performed query, Hungarian university students’ behavioural intention is influenced by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and hedonic motivation. However social influence, atmosphere, and price sensitivity have no significant influence on use intention.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3303/CET23107063
Performance of enterprises in cultural and creative industries in large Hungarian cities between 2008 and 2018
Publication Name: Regional Statistics
Publication Date: 2023-01-01
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Page Range: 67-198
Description:
Unquestionably, the creative economy’s weight and importance in nation-states’ economies are increasing. This study examines the performance of partnerships belonging to creative industrial branches in Hungary between 2008 and 2018. Research questions are as follows: What economic potential does the creative economy represent in Hungary, particularly in certain large cities? What tendencies exist regarding temporal changes? What are the professional branches in cities that defy the creative economy, and how has their performance changed during the period examined in this study? This analysis deals with partnerships in the creative economy in Budapest and eight Hungarian cities with a population greater than 100,000. Dun & Bradstreet Hungary, Ltd., provided the database used as the basis for the statistical analysis. The data of companies operating on the last day of the given year were collected based on valid Hungarian activity classification (TEÁOR’08) codes and according to the indicated registered office, thus guaranteeing full national coverage. Regarding headcount data, only reports for the entire calendar year were included in the study, based on the statistical headcount for the given year. Within the study’s 11-year reach, research has shown that there were no significant territorial changes in the creative economy and that Budapest still dominates the landscape, with the other eight cities playing minor roles (11%–12%). During the study period, all the cities had individual development paths.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.15196/RS130108
The performance of the enterprises in the cultural and creative industries in the Hungarian big cities between 2008 and 2018
Publication Name: Teruleti Statisztika
Publication Date: 2022-12-01
Volume: 62
Issue: 2
Page Range: 218-248
Description:
The creative economy is increasingly becoming more and more important within national economies. The present study aims to examine the performance of partnerships belonging to the creative industrial branches in Hungary between 2008 and 2018. The research questions: What economical potential does creative economy represent in Hungary and in certain large cities? What tendencies do show its temporal changes? What are the professional branches in cities that defy creative economy, and how has their performance changed in the period examined in this study? This analysis deals with partnerships in creative economy present in Budapest, and the 8 cities of Hungary with a population larger than 100 thousand. The statistical analysis is based on the database of Dun&Bradstreet Hungary Kft. The data of companies operating on the last day of the given year were collected based on the valid Unified Sectoral Classification System (TEÁOR) codes and according to the indicated registered office, thus guaranteeing the full national coverage. In the case of headcount data, only reports for the entire calendar year were included in the study based on the statistical headcount for the given year. Research has shown that in the 11-year scope of the study, there were no significant territorial changes in creative economy, Budapest still dominates the landscape, the other 8 cities play minor roles with 11–12 percent according to all organisations. The cities have all had their own development paths in the period studied.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.15196/TS620204
Sustainable and Innovative Cross-Border Regional Development with Focus on Tourism in the Danube Basin—A Case-Study of Szigetköz and Csallóköz (Žitný Ostrov)
Publication Name: Sustainability Switzerland
Publication Date: 2022-06-01
Volume: 14
Issue: 12
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The current paper aims to analyze the Hungarian–Slovakian cross-border area (Szigetköz, Csallóköz) and unearth the region’s latent economic development potential. The study area with its unique natural environment has recently aroused the interest of many fields. Szigetköz is a fresh spot in the agglomeration of two large cities: Győr and Mosonmagyaróvár. What could be the economic bases and social factors that can awaken the area from its sleeping rose dream? Along with this issue, we explore socio-economic development opportunities. The exploratory research is based on content analysis of strategic documents and in-depth interviews with the settlement’s mayors. The results show that, although the overwhelming majority of settlements have a more moderate population loss and an abundance of economic opportunities relative to other Hungarian settle-ments, there are several gaps and negative processes that operate beneath the surface.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3390/su14127037
Central and Eastern European regional centers in the focus of urban rankings and urban indexes
Publication Name: Economic Annals Xxi
Publication Date: 2022-02-09
Volume: 195
Issue: 1-2
Page Range: 26-35
Description:
The relevance of the paper is predetermined by the fact that nearly 75% of the population in the European Union live in cities, so the European Union is committed to making cities more sustainable. Thus, recent years have seen an increasing need for studies on urban indexes measuring European cities as well as those on the evaluation of the indexes. The purpose of this paper is to prove that Central and Eastern European medium-sized cities as regional centers are an under-researched area in social science research. While one typical trend of this research is ranking based on various aspects as well as the determination of leading cities, the regional centers of Central and Eastern European countries are only tangentially included in this research. The research objectives: The analysis examines 94 regional centers in ten Central and Eastern European countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Slovenia) with regional functions at NUTS2 level based on a total of 41 different economic indexes and rankings. The research was based on the Eurostat Urban Audit database and the keyword search engine of scientific search engines such as Web of Science, Science direct, and Google Scholar. The research question: Which Central and Eastern European regional centers are examined by the different city rankings and indexes? The research results and conclusions are the following: 1) As a result of the research, it was found that out of the 94 regional centers, the most examined cities are Krakow, Wroclaw and Brno. A randomly selected city is included in only 11% of the studied rankings and indexes. 2) However, half of the Central and Eastern European capitals are considered areas for city rankings and indexes. The most studied capitals are, ranked in order of focus; Budapest and Prague, Vienna, Ljubljana, Bratislava, Sofia, Warsaw and Zagreb. 3) Based on the correlation analysis, we found a strong relationship between two indicators (Cultural Creative Cities Index and Smart Cities Index) which suggests that it would make sense to explore further relationships for which it is indispensable to have the right quality and quantity of data. All in all, it would be worthwhile creating an economic index measuring the performance of Central and Eastern European regional centers which could help regional and city governments as well as potential investors get an up-to-date and comprehensive picture of regional centers in the region.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.21003/ea.V195-03
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN THE HUNGARIAN-SLOVAKIAN CROSS-BORDER AREA – SZIGETKÖZ AND CSALLÓKÖZ (Žitný ostrov) ACCORDING TO DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS AND LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS PERCEPTIONS
Publication Name: Deturope
Publication Date: 2022-01-01
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Page Range: 87-110
Description:
The current research investigates the Hungarian-Slovakian cross-border area of Szigetköz-Csallóköz in the context of new economic opportunities facilitated by water level regulation. The objective of the research is to unearth the potential economic opportunities triggered by the planned interventions and reveal the latent resources in the regional socio-economic fabric. The research employs two analytical methods: a situation analysis phase comprising an in-depth analysis of strategic documents that discuss various economic features of the Szigetköz – Csallóköz area, and a needs assessment phase based on in-depth interviews with decision-makers and institutional leaders of the selected municipalities (N=22). The research results are presented in the form of proposals related to infrastructural developments, such as the construction of a cycle path along the Old Danube embankment (from Danakiliti to Gönyű) or economic development such as the creation of a unique tourism brand.
Open Access: Yes
FACTORS EFFECTING FEMALE STARTUPPERS IN HUNGARY
Publication Name: Economics and Sociology
Publication Date: 2021-01-01
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page Range: 186-203
Description:
The present paper focuses on female startup founders in Hungary. Numerous studies examine female entrepreneurship, but the topic of female startups is a less explored area. The research was carried out in two stages: at first in 2019 through an online survey and in-depth interviews, and then in May 2021 with in-depth interviews due to the delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Mixed research methodology was used and comprised of an online questionnaire administered in startup-themed closed social media groups (n=113) and in-depth interviews among experts and members of the ecosystem (n=7+7). The aim was to conclude how potential female startup founders could be encouraged and what form of support should be given to them, as well as to explore the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on female startup entrepreneurs. The results show that 70 percent of respondents have their own business, these were set up by both sexes between the ages of 24 and 35. The respondents mostly use equity when starting their businesses. Although the proportion of women among startup founders is very low, a positive entrepreneurial attitude can be observed among them. The startup ecosystem is centralised in Hungary; it is only emerging in some major university cities outside the capital. The strengthening role of startup communities and social media is unquestionable. Furthermore, the results reveal limiting factors, especially complex ones hindering female start-ups, which can typically be traced back to family and social reasons. To overcome these obstacles governments should continue facilitating startup development. The pandemic was considered as an opportunity to promote new ideas and features, concentrate on design and finetune their startup businesses.
Open Access: Yes
Smart economy and startup enterprises in the visegrád countries—a comparative analysis based on the crunchbase database
Publication Name: Smart Cities
Publication Date: 2020-12-01
Volume: 3
Issue: 4
Page Range: 1477-1494
Description:
The present study seeks to explore the concept of “smart economy” through the definition of the smart city. It also presents smart city subsystems and the smart city model. It focuses on smart and creative startups within the smart city model. The research examines medium-sized cities in the Visegrád countries (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary) with a population ranging from 100,000 to 1 million inhabitants for startups. The research question is: Where are the medium-sized cities in the Visegrád countries that are both startup centers and smart cities? In the course of the research, the term “smart cities” was based on the definition set by the European Commission and the definition of startup centers was made using data analysis of the American Crunchbase database. As a result of the two studies, it can be concluded that there are no cities in the Visegrád countries with an above average level of both startup presence and smart cities.
Open Access: Yes
Sustainability Factors of Cultural and Creative Industries - The Case Study of a Creative City, Budapest
Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions
Publication Date: 2023-01-01
Volume: 107
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 127-132
Description:
Regarding Cultural and Creative Industries (CCI) concept-related development, an important aspect has arisen and become inevitable in the last few years: sustainability. Although sustainability and creativity are closely linked, it is important to examine the sustainability factors of creative city development from a broader perspective. The present research aims to explore the environmental sustainability of the cultural and creative industry of a Central and Eastern European capital, Budapest, through a literature review and then two case studies of environmentally sustainable CCI companies. The aim of the paper is to show the gap in the literature regarding the environmental sustainability of the CCI sector, despite its significance, and present two case studies of how environmental sustainability can appear in two CCI companies, showing a best practice. The literature analysis has shown that the interpretation of CCIs' sustainability and the comparability of the sector in the region under study are hampered by the wide variation in methodologies for measuring the sustainability of CCIs. In the case of Budapest, within the study’s 13 y reach, research has shown that Budapest plays a significant role in CCIs, although it also struggles with the issues of sustainability. The two case studies can show role models for environmentally sustainable CCIs by making sustainability the scope and basis of their operation.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3303/CET23107022
