Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease in adults, 1990–2023, and its attributable risk factors: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
Mohamad Amin Bakhshali
Shoshana H. Ballew
Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu
Maciej Banach
Mainak Bardhan
Ahmed Abdelrahman Abdelgalil
Saurav Basu
Bekalu Mekonen Belay
Makda Abate Belew
Aminu K. Bello
Luis Belo
Amiel Nazer C. Bermudez
Fahmi Y. Al-Ashwal
Nurudeen A. Adegoke
Nelson Alvis-Guzman
Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi
Adel Sharaf Al-Zubairi
Masoud Aman Mohammadi
Hubert Amu
Filippos Anagnostakis
Abhishek Anil
Sajjad Ahmad
Neeraj Bedi
Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor
Geminn Louis Carace Apostol
Walter Appati
Sulaimon O. Araromi
Hiba Jawdat Barqawi
Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader
Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade
Salah Al Awaidy
Syed Shujait Ali
Omar Almidani
Hanadi Al Hamad
Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan
Karem H. Alzoubi
Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout
Samar Abd ElHafeez
Sajjad Ahmad
Nesredin Ahmed
Marjan Ajami
Ayman Ahmed
Yazan Al Thaher
Salahdein Aburuz
Ashagre Molla Assaye
Khursheed Aurangzeb
Adedapo Wasiu Awotidebe
Domenico Azzolino
Muhammad Badar
Lucas Guimarães Abreu
Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
Dmitry Abramov
Bilyaminu Abubakar
Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun
Oyelola A. Adegboye
Isaac Yeboah Addo
Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani
Hasan Aalruz
Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani
M. D.Abu Bashar
Shahid Bashir
Mohammad Mahdi Bastan
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula
Sonu Bhaskar
Ajay Nagesh Bhat
Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa
Johan Ärnlöv
Bernard Kwadwo Yeboah Asiamah-Asare
Syed Anees Ahmed
Patrick B. Mark
Lauryn K. Stafford
Morgan E. Grams
Hansani Madushika Abeywickrama
Mohammed Mehdi Abrar
Khabir Ahmad
Hasan Aalruz
Ali Ahmadi
Aram Mahmood Ahmed
Shahzaib Ahmed
Priyadarshini Bhattacharjee
Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
Salahdein Aburuz
Aleksandr Y. Aravkin
Mohammed Z. Allouh
Mohammadreza Akbari
Oluwasefunmi Akeju
Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif
Ziyad Al-Aly
Mohammed Albashtawy
Shereen M. Aleidi
Ali M. Alfalki
Fadwa Naji Alhalaiqa
Khalid A. Alhasan
Endale Alemayehu Ali
Rafat Ali
Syed Yusuf Ali
Samah W. Al-Jabi
Mohammed Z. Allouh
Wesam Taher Almagharbeh
Maha Moh d.Wahbi Atout
Khaldoon Aied Alnawafleh
Najim Z. Alshahrani
Awais Altaf
Sadat Abdulla Aziz
Jesu Arockiaraj
Yuni Asri
Sadat Abdulla Aziz
Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader
Publication Name: Lancet
Publication Date: 2025-11-22
Volume: 406
Issue: 10518
Page Range: 2461-2482
Description:
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common and ranks among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. This analysis aimed to present global CKD estimates using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 to inform evidence-based policies for CKD identification and treatment. Methods This analysis focused on adults aged 20 years and older over the period 1990 to 2023, from 204 countries and territories. Data sources used were published literature, vital registration systems, kidney failure treatment registries, and household surveys. Estimates of CKD burden, including deaths, incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), were produced using a Cause of Death Ensemble model and a Bayesian meta-regression analytical tool. A comparative risk assessment approach estimated the proportion of cardiovascular deaths attributable to impaired kidney function and estimated risk factors for CKD. Findings Globally, in 2023, 788 million (95% uncertainty interval 743–843) people aged 20 years and older were estimated to have CKD, up from 378 million (354–407) in 1990. The global age-standardised prevalence of CKD in adults was 14·2% (13·4–15·2), a relative rise of 3·5% (2·7–4·1) from 1990. The region with the highest age-standardised prevalence was north Africa and the Middle East (18·0%; 16·9–19·4). Most people had stage 1–3 CKD, with a combined prevalence of 13·9% (13·1–15·0). In 2023, CKD was the ninth leading cause of death globally, accounting for 1·48 million (1·30–1·65) deaths, and the 12th leading cause of DALYs, with an age-standardised DALY rate of 769·2 (691·8–857·4) per 100 000. Impaired kidney function as a risk factor accounted for 11·5% (8·4–14·5) of cardiovascular deaths. High fasting plasma glucose, body-mass index, and systolic blood pressure were all leading risk factors for CKD DALYs. Interpretation CKD is a major global health issue, with rising prevalence and increasing importance as a cause of death and as a risk factor for cardiovascular death. A better understating of aetiology, appropriate screening, and implementation programmes are needed to translate advances in CKD treatment into improved patient outcomes. Funding Gates Foundation, Wellcome, US National Kidney Foundation, and US National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
Open Access: Yes
Authors - 109
Mohamad Amin Bakhshali
58580457100
Shoshana H. Ballew
34067516900
Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu
6603841869
Maciej Banach
22936699500
Mainak Bardhan
57819452400
Ahmed Abdelrahman Abdelgalil
60174812100
Saurav Basu
56925914600
Bekalu Mekonen Belay
59896377500
Makda Abate Belew
57701361000
Aminu K. Bello
12759638700
Luis Belo
6602879850
Amiel Nazer C. Bermudez
57194978642
Fahmi Y. Al-Ashwal
57196371551
Nurudeen A. Adegoke
57196007299
Nelson Alvis-Guzman
57210741239
Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi
58143034700
Adel Sharaf Al-Zubairi
24175581400
Masoud Aman Mohammadi
57205265256
Hubert Amu
57190183918
Filippos Anagnostakis
58156665900
Abhishek Anil
58164007300
Sajjad Ahmad
57218961022
Neeraj Bedi
57988442200
Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor
57192947419
Geminn Louis Carace Apostol
57224161827
Walter Appati
59762957900
Sulaimon O. Araromi
60262936600
Hiba Jawdat Barqawi
59730836600
Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader
57226205764
Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade
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Salah Al Awaidy
6508132710
Syed Shujait Ali
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Omar Almidani
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Hanadi Al Hamad
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Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan
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Karem H. Alzoubi
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Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout
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Samar Abd ElHafeez
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Sajjad Ahmad
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Nesredin Ahmed
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Marjan Ajami
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Ayman Ahmed
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Yazan Al Thaher
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Salahdein Aburuz
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Ashagre Molla Assaye
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Khursheed Aurangzeb
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Adedapo Wasiu Awotidebe
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Domenico Azzolino
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Muhammad Badar
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Lucas Guimarães Abreu
55937631400
Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani
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Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
57194684030
Dmitry Abramov
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Bilyaminu Abubakar
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Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun
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Oyelola A. Adegboye
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Isaac Yeboah Addo
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Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani
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Hasan Aalruz
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Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani
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M. D.Abu Bashar
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Shahid Bashir
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Mohammad Mahdi Bastan
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Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula
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Sonu Bhaskar
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Ajay Nagesh Bhat
57819974900
Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa
57218094241
Johan Ärnlöv
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Bernard Kwadwo Yeboah Asiamah-Asare
60210837200
Syed Anees Ahmed
60262936500
Patrick B. Mark
7006073874
Lauryn K. Stafford
57391714800
Morgan E. Grams
55882203700
Hansani Madushika Abeywickrama
57204445170
Mohammed Mehdi Abrar
59776872400
Khabir Ahmad
57927912600
Hasan Aalruz
60262109200
Ali Ahmadi
57193998515
Aram Mahmood Ahmed
60175690400
Shahzaib Ahmed
58910858100
Priyadarshini Bhattacharjee
58581938400
Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
14043178800
Salahdein Aburuz
55886382800
Aleksandr Y. Aravkin
35386103000
Mohammed Z. Allouh
60420813100
Mohammadreza Akbari
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Oluwasefunmi Akeju
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Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif
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Ziyad Al-Aly
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Mohammed Albashtawy
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Shereen M. Aleidi
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Ali M. Alfalki
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Fadwa Naji Alhalaiqa
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Khalid A. Alhasan
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Endale Alemayehu Ali
57784706800
Rafat Ali
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Syed Yusuf Ali
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Samah W. Al-Jabi
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Mohammed Z. Allouh
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Wesam Taher Almagharbeh
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Maha Moh d.Wahbi Atout
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Khaldoon Aied Alnawafleh
59024983500
Najim Z. Alshahrani
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Awais Altaf
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Sadat Abdulla Aziz
57192439063
Jesu Arockiaraj
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Yuni Asri
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Sadat Abdulla Aziz
60277166300
Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader
57195295816
