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Found 6374 publications
Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid feeding on the fatty acid profile and odor of milk in danbred sows
Publication Name: Journal of Applied Animal Research
Publication Date: 2021-01-01
Volume: 49
Issue: 1
Page Range: 447-459
Description:
The effects of n-6 and n-3 fatty acid supplementation on the fatty acid profile of sow milk were investigated using traditional fatty acid analysis and a novel method of the electronic nose (EN). The control group received 6.3 g of sunflower oil (SO) rich in n-6 fatty acids per kg feed, and experimental animals received the same amount of fish oil (FO) as an n-3 fatty acid source. The diets were corn- and soybean meal-based diets. Supplementation of SO enhanced the amount of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6) (SO: 8.43 mg/mL vs. FO: 6.63 mg/mL milk), and significantly increased (p < 0.02) the amount of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (SO: 9.92 mg/mL vs. FO: 8.61 mg/mL milk) in the sow’s milk. On the contrary, FO significantly increased the amount of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (FO: 1.17 mg/mL vs. SO: 0.69 mg/mL milk), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5, n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5, n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, n-3), in the milk (p < 0.001). FO and SO supplementation did not affect the analytical composition of milk. Milk samples collected from the differently fed individuals could be clearly separated according to the feeding groups based on the odour profile described by the EN.
Open Access: Yes
Illuminating Inequality: Public Lighting Energy Consumption and Light Pollution in Urban and Rural Contexts
Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 121
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 67-72
Description:
This paper investigates the spatial and social dimensions of light pollution through the lens of electricity consumption and technical losses related to public lighting across Hungarian municipalities, focusing on the Western Transdanubia region. Unlike traditional approaches based on remote sensing, this paper employs local-level electricity use data as a proxy for assessing light pollution intensity. Notably, several sparsely populated rural settlements display disproportionately high per capita electricity use and losses, suggesting inefficiencies, potential over-lighting, and elevated exposure to light pollution. The inclusion of technical losses provides a more accurate picture of systemic inefficiency that may contribute to excessive artificial illumination without corresponding social benefit. These findings underscore the relevance of electricity data as an indirect but actionable source for evaluating light pollution and energy waste. The paper advocates for more data-driven, environmentally conscious, and socially equitable lighting policies that integrate energy efficiency and light pollution mitigation into local planning frameworks. Based on data from 657 municipalities, total public lighting consumption ranges from under 10 MWh in small villages to over 1,000 MWh in large cities, with a regional average of 51.3 MWh (SD: 338.3 MWh). Per capita consumption varies between 0.002 and 0.02 MWh/person, with technical losses up to 17.9 kWh/person in some rural areas. These results indicate that energy inefficiency and light pollution are often more pronounced in small settlements, highlighting the need for regionally tailored modernization strategies addressing both energy use and environmental impact.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3303/CET25121012
Global challenges and the ‘farm to fork’ strategies of the European Green Deal: Blessing or curse
Publication Name: Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences
Publication Date: 2024-12-12
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Page Range: 101-111
Description:
The article evaluates how well the goals of the European Green Deal are justified, especially considering the risks to energy and food security arising from the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. We agree with the objectives of the European Green Agreement as a whole, but whether some of the objectives which feature in the EASAC study can be achieved by 2030 is questionable, and the description of the tools necessary to achieve the objectives is incomplete. Among other things, there is hardly any mention of the role played by precision farming with digitalization, which is a revolutionary change from an ecological and economic point of view, in reducing the use of synthetic inputs, in regenerating the original state of the soil, in reducing GHG emissions, thus in increasing biodiversity, and at the same time in intensifying production, and finally in expanding the application of biotechnology. We examine these areas in our analysis. Some of the objectives of the EASAC study to be achieved by 2030 are subject to debate, and the description of the information and communication conditions necessary to achieve the objectives is incomplete. The IoT (Internet of Things) responds to global and local challenges: it integrates the precision technologies, WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks), artificial intelligence, mobile field (Smart Small Robots) and remote data loggers (UAVs: Unmanned Air Vehicles and satellites), Big Data, and cloud computing. Consequently, decision support is increasingly developing into unmanned decision making. IoT (Internet of Things) is the basis of “Farm to Fork” and “Lab to Field” monitoring approaches. This article evaluates the implementation of European Green Agreement objectives in light of energy and food security risks arising from the Russia-Ukraine conflict. While overall support for the agreement exists, the feasibility of certain EASAC study objectives by 2030 is called into question due to insufficient tools specifications. Notably absent is the emphasis on precision farming with digitalization, which is a transformative ecological and economic practice. Our analyses look into its function in reducing synthetic inputs, soil regeneration, GHG emission reduction, biodiversity enhancement, production intensification, and biotechnology development. Debates surround EASAC study objectives for 2030, despite limited information and communication restrictions. The Internet of Things (IoT) arises as a solution, combining precision technology, WSNs (wireless sensor networks), AI (artificial intelligence), smart small robots, UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles), satellites, big data, and cloud computing. As a result, decision support turns toward unmanned decision-making, with IoT laying the groundwork for “Farm to Fork” and “Lab to Field” monitoring systems.
Open Access: Yes
Ultrasonographic assessment of the cervix for prediction of spontaneous preterm birth in singleton pregnancies
Publication Name: Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Publication Date: 2021-01-01
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page Range: 49-63
Description:
Spontaneous preterm birth remains a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality across the world. Hence, there is an urgent need to find and implement diagnostic methods and interventions that can reduce this public health treat. The ultrasonographic assessment of the cervix is one tool that can be utilized to identify women at increased risk who may be candidates for preventive interventions. There are three main characteristics of the cervix, which can be evaluated during the ultrasound examination of the cervix: cervical length (CL), funneling and cervical gland area. Cervical shortening is one of the first steps in the processes leading to labor and can precede labor by several weeks. Because shortening begins at the internal cervical os and progresses caudally, it is often detected on ultrasound examination before it can be appreciated on physical examination. This is equally true for funneling and cervical gland area (CGA), which cannot be assessed with the physical examination. Based on previous experiences, the timing and frequency of ultrasonographic assessment of the cervix is primarily based on the patient’s prior obstetric history (low-risk women are screened once at 18–24 weeks of gestation; high-risk population usually begins screening at about 16 weeks of gestation and the frequency depends on the measurement result). Classically the diagnosis of short cervix is defined when the CL is less than or equal to 25 mm at these gestational weeks, with the best prediction for PTB obtained at 16–24 weeks of gestation. The CL measurement, evaluation of funneling and CGA together increased the sensitivity of cervical screening for PTB and appeared to be powerful predictor of PTB before 32 weeks gestation. Generally, the importance of positive test is to try to recognize cervical changes on time, to plane the adequate therapy, to prepare for sufficient intrauterine transport, and to administered course of antenatal corticosteroid therapy to women at risk for PTB reduced the incidence and severity of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and mortality in offspring. Many interventions (bed rest, lifestyle intervention, cervical cerclage, pessary, progesteron, indomethacin, antibiotics, etc.) have been proposed in an attempt to prevent PTB depending on risk classification.
Open Access: Yes
Determination of rail dilatation movements at tunnel gates for ballasted railway tracks in case of a greater change of temperature
Publication Name: Acta Technica Jaurinensis
Publication Date: 2026-05-27
Volume: 19
Issue: 2
Page Range: 137-154
Description:
The temperature change in continuously welded rail (CWR) tracks induces substantial internal stresses and shifts sleeper positions because the rails are longitudinally restrained from thermal expansion. This phenomenon is significantly intensified at tunnel portals, where a sharp contrast exists between the thermal boundary conditions of the open track and those of the sheltered tunnel environment. The current article investigates the dynamic interplay between rail dilatation and axial forces at these critical junctions by employing a finite-element (FE) model of the 54E1 rail track, calibrated using experimental measurements of track fastening parameters and ballast behavior. The research specifically examines the combined influence of temperature gradients between the tunnel and open environments, the bilinear longitudinal resistance of the ballast, and the mechanical braking loads exerted by passing trains. Through a series of parametric studies, the results demonstrate that simultaneous thermal and braking forces can trigger extreme rail displacements of up to 100 mm and axial forces of up to 1.4 MN. Notably, such high-stress states occur even when the ballast resistance is only 7 N/mm lower than the braking force. While increasing track fastening resistance helps equalize the impact of braking and thermal effects, it effectively reduces deflections to non-critical levels. The most severe stability risks are identified when the center of the braking zone aligns precisely with the portal. Ultimately, the study concludes that ballast resistance is the decisive factor in managing track integrity at tunnel entrances.
Open Access: Yes
The Forerunner UAV Concept for the Increased Safety of First Responders
Publication Name: International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems Vehits Proceedings
Publication Date: 2021-01-01
Volume: 2021-April
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 362-369
Description:
This paper proposes a novel Forerunner UAV concept to increase the safety of first responders by monitoring the road in front of their emergency ground vehicle (EGV) and notifying the driver about any violation of his/her right of way or approaching danger. The developments are conducted in an R&D project in Hungary. The proposed UAV for the planned urban demonstration is a hexacopter with triple redundant architecture applying a gimbaled camera to monitor the surroundings. In the cooperative control of the EGV and UAV the UAV must fly in front of the EGV which is possible through wireless communication of route data and velocity. Besides the real system a computer simulation representation is also applied including CARLA and Matlab to make exhaustive tests of the system capabilities. Increased attention is devoted to the possible wireless communication solutions as these are safety critical parts of the system. The article ends with the lists of planned simulation and real test scenarios to evaluate the system.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: DOI not available
Structural behaviour of built-up I-shaped CFS columns
Publication Name: Scientific Reports
Publication Date: 2024-12-01
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The utilization of cold-formed thin-walled members as structural members has gained significant popularity due to their advantages in fabrication, cost-effectiveness, and transportation convenience. However, the reduced thickness of the used sections poses challenges such as global, local, and distortional member buckling, leading to a decrease in their axial strength. This study focuses on addressing these challenges by connecting the channels together using screws as an alternative to welding, considering the cost, time, and ease of implementation. Conducting finite element analysis on structural columns built-up from cold-formed double C steel channels and subjected to axial loads, this paper verifies the numerical models used against experimental tests known from the literature. A comparison of experimental results with nonlinear FEA and AISI & AS/NZ standards reveals commendable agreement, particularly in predicting the buckling behavior of the built-up I-shaped CFS columns. While the results of the finite element analysis show an overestimation of approximately 3.6% compared to the experimental tests, the AISI and AS/NZS standards demonstrate a conservatism of about 3.0%. Furthermore, the current study investigates the influence of screw spacing on axial strength of built-up cold-formed steel columns. The findings are derived from 175 finite element experiments, evaluating seven different cross-sectional profiles with twelve distinct screw spacings. These spacings correspond to the half-wavelength of local, distortional, and global buckling, divided by values ranging from one to four. The screw spacing determined by half the local buckling half-wavelength along the webs’ centerline resulted in enhancements of 22%, 7%, 13%, and 11% in the critical elastic local, distortional, and global column buckling loads, as well as the nominal axial strength, respectively. These increases were even more pronounced for double-lane fasteners with the same spacing, yielding improvements of 25%, 46%, 17%, and 12%, respectively. For economic considerations, it is advisable to utilize single-lane fasteners with a half-wavelength equal to half the local buckling half-wavelength.
Open Access: Yes
Selling and pricing practices in the direct sales of producer’s raw cow’s milk
Publication Name: Elelmiszervizsgalati Kozlemenyek
Publication Date: 2016-09-30
Volume: 62
Issue: 3
Page Range: 1190-1223
Description:
Among our objectives were the presentation of the most well-known sales channels of raw milk, sales practices and also the technological level used, as well as the examination of the issues related to the pricing, critical points and challenges of the direct sales of raw cow’s milk. Our observations and samplings were performed at 21 direct sales locations of eight Budapest districts over 13 months, from June 2013 through June 2014. Based on the results, it can be stated that, in the area studied, the sale of raw milk is realized through three main sales channels: markets (market halls), self-service systems (milk vending machines, refrigerated store containers) and different forms of mobile sales (tankers, regional home delivery system of producers). Further marketing practices can be distinguished within the different sales channels, where one can find the most primitive practice, the one without cooling, the traditional one and one that can be considered modern even when compared to Western European practice. The theoretical possibility to sell high quality raw milk was available for all sales channels, but the level of sales – especially from hygienic and technological viewpoints – ranged widely. Based on changes in the sales price of raw milk, and its correlation with wholesale buying prices and pasteurized milk prices, it can be assumed that market prices and supply and demand are closely followed by shareholders of the market. Analyzing the mutually influencing effect of the prices of sellers located close to each other (e.g., in the same market), it could be concluded that the majority of them used a follower pricing strategy. Results of the price/quality ratio indicate a disordered state and arbitrary pricing. The application of proper milk procurement, management and sales approaches would improve, in itself, processes that take place at the critical locations, described under the headings human factors, work organization, operation, maintenance and repair, quality aspects, packaging and labeling.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: DOI not available
SCHEDULING OF WASTE WOOD PROCESSING FACILITIES WITH OVERLAPPING JOBS
Publication Name: Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Operational Research in Slovenia Sor 2021
Publication Date: 2021-01-01
Volume: Unknown
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 321-326
Description:
An important phase in most waste wood value chains is the processing of bulk waste from various sources, usually by means of shredding. This paper presents a method for scheduling the machines in such a waste wood processing facility, where incoming deliveries of different types of wood are processed by a series of treatment and transformation steps to produce shredded wood. A mathematical model is presented for the problem, that allows overlaps between consecutive steps to optimize resource flow through the system. The efficiency of the model is presented on randomly generated instances.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: DOI not available
