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Found 6374 publications

Assessing the Paradox of Autonomous Vehicles: Promised Fuel Efficiency vs. Aggregate Fuel Consumption

Balázs Horváth Dilshad Mohammed

Publication Name: Energies

Publication Date: 2024-04-01

Volume: 17

Issue: 7

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

As autonomous vehicles (AVs) continue to evolve and approach widespread adoption in the near future, the touted benefits of improved fuel efficiency at an individual level come under scrutiny when considering the overall impact on fuel consumption. This research delves into the paradoxical relationship between the promising technology of AVs, their impact on traffic capacities, travel demand, and the subsequent influence on aggregate fuel consumption. While AVs have demonstrated enhanced fuel efficiency when considered as a singular mode of transportation, our study reveals a contrasting trend when scaled to a broader societal context. Through comprehensive analysis of the literature, we discovered that, at lower limits of energy savings achievable by a single AV, the overall fuel consumption increases by a staggering 42% compared to conventional human-driven vehicles. This counterintuitive outcome is a result of the aggregate effect of increased AV usage, leading to higher traffic volumes and travel demands. Conversely, at higher thresholds of energy savings by individual AVs, the percentage of fuel consumption increment diminishes, but remains notable. Even with advanced energy-saving features, the overall fuel quantity still experiences a substantial 30% increase compared to conventional vehicles when scaled up to widespread AV use. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering the holistic impact of AVs on transportation systems and energy consumption. As society transitions towards AV-dominated traffic, policymakers and stakeholders must address the challenges associated with increased travel demand, potential traffic congestion, and the resultant implications on fuel consumption.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/en17071589

Investigating the Factors Influencing the Strength of Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) Sections

Ardalan B. Hussein Diyari B. Hussein

Publication Name: Buildings

Publication Date: 2024-04-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 4

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The utilization of cold-formed steel (CFS) sections in construction has become widespread due to their favorable attributes, including their lightweight properties, high strength, recyclability, and ease of assembly. To ensure their continued safe and efficient utilization, this review provides a comprehensive investigation into the factors influencing the strength of CFS members. This analysis encompasses design codes, prediction methodologies, material properties, and various structural configurations. This review uncovers discrepancies among existing design codes, particularly noting conservative predictions in AISI and AS/NZS standards for composite and built-up sections. Additionally, the effectiveness of prediction methods such as the direct strength method and effective width method varies based on specific structural configurations and loading conditions. Furthermore, this review delves into recent advancements aimed at enhancing fire resistance, connection design, and the composite behavior of CFS structures. The influence of factors such as eccentricity, sheathing materials, and bolt spacing on structural performance is also examined. This study underscores the crucial role of accurate prediction methods and robust design standards in ensuring the structural integrity and safety of CFS constructions. Through a comparative analysis, it is revealed that AISI and AS/NZS standards exhibit conservatism in predicting nominal buckling loads compared to experimental data. Conversely, a non-linear finite element analysis demonstrates a strong correlation with laboratory tests, offering a more accurate prediction of nominal buckling capacity. Overall, this review offers comprehensive insights aimed at optimizing CFS structural design practices. By identifying key areas for future research and development, this work contributes to the ongoing advancement of safe and efficient CFS construction applications.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/buildings14041127

The Development of Mood Repair Response Repertories: I. Age-Related Changes Among 7- to 14-Year-Old Depressed and Control Children and Adolescents

Krisztina Kapornai László Mayer Nestor L. Lopez-Duran Maria Kovacs ldiko Baji Ágnes Vetró Enikö Kiss Maria Kovacs Charles George

Publication Name: Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology

Publication Date: 2019-01-02

Volume: 48

Issue: 1

Page Range: 143-152

Description:

The purpose of this study was to test developmentally informed hypotheses about regulatory responses to sadness that attenuate versus exacerbate it (adaptive versus maladaptive mood repair responses, respectively) across late childhood, early adolescence, and mid-adolescence. In a multi-site study in Hungary, clinic-based, 7- to 14-year-olds with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders’ (4th ed., text rev.) depressive disorders (N = 697; 55% male) and age/sex matched (at 1:2) nondepressed, school-based controls (N = 1,394) reported on their usual responses to sadness/dysphoria; parental reports were obtained separately. Adaptive and maladaptive response repertoire scores were compared across ages within and across subject groups, and by informant, controlling for confounds. Contrary to Hypothesis 1, older (vs. younger) youths in both groups reported fewer adaptive regulatory responses. Maladaptive response repertoires were unrelated to age among controls but significantly increased with age among depressed youths, particularly the girls. Partially supporting Hypothesis 2, subject groups differed in age-related trajectories of mood repair repertories, but not as expected (e.g., younger depressed children reported larger adaptive response repertoires than did controls). Parental reports revealed no developmental changes in offspring’s mood repair repertories. Parent-offspring reports were most discordant for younger (vs. older) offspring, tended to converge around age 11, and were consistently and significantly larger in the depressed sample. Self-reported adaptive mood repair repertories appear to have been laid down by late childhood and then undergo “trimming” across ages 7–14 years. The extensive maladaptive mood repair response repertoires of depressed youths, which increased with age, distinguish them primarily from controls. Therefore, reducing maladaptive regulatory responses to sadness should be a priority when treating depressed youths.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2017.1399399

Analysis of Drivers’ Path Follow Behaviour

Attila Borsos Erno Horváth Gergő Ferenc Ignéczi

Publication Name: Proceedings of the International Conference on Informatics in Control Automation and Robotics

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 2

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 93-100

Description:

Lane keeping is a complex, multi-dimensional problem in terms of driving tasks. The lane-following driver models typically treat the control task as an end-to-end problem where the entire control chain is modelled as a human driver. However, the driver does not actively control the vehicle all the time, but follow a drift and compensate strategy, resulting in oscillations around their planned path. We have separated this oscillation scheme by filtering drivers’ selected offset to the centerline of the lane. It has been shown that there is a certain amount of offset error up to which drivers drift away from the planned path. At this point drivers intervene by applying torque to the steering wheel and steer the vehicle back onto the path. This type of drift and compensate strategy was modelled using Model Predictive Control (MPC) with event-based weights of its cost function. The proposed driver model calculates both the intervention point and the weights of the MPC based on real drivers’ data. As a result, the model together with the MPC can accurately plan the oscillation path of the drivers, contributing to a better understanding of how the driver tolerates offset errors.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.5220/0012889100003822

Multi-physics thermal analysis of permanent magnets motors with exterior rotor

No authors available

Publication Name: Civil-Comp Proceedings

Publication Date: 2015-01-01

Volume:

Issue:

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This paper presents a magneto-thermal analysis of an external-rotor permanent magnet synchronous machine based on finite element method. The model developed can be used to predict the temperature distribution inside the motor during the rated operation. Electromagnetic computation is carried out with the aid of two twodimensional finite-element simulations of the cross-section of the permanent magnet motor [1]. In addition, the magnetic core losses of the stator and rotor are modelled based on the results from the electromagnetic analysis and a post-processing formula based on the loss-separation principle. To analyse the process of heat transfer in an electrical machine, empirical correlations are used to describe the convective heat transfer from the different surfaces of the permanent magnet motor. The heat transfer coefficients are determined using dimensionless numbers and the Nusselt number [2]. After the loss calculation, the temperatures of the machine are calculated using a three-dimensional finite element method. The results obtained from the model are compared with the experimental results from testing the prototype electric motor.

Open Access: No

DOI: DOI not available

The 'Model of Gyor': Triple Helix interactions and their impact on economic development

No authors available

Publication Name: Proceedings of the European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, ECIE

Publication Date: 2015-01-01

Volume: 2015-January

Issue:

Page Range: 787-795

Description:

The authors will introduce Gyor as a significant member and centre both of this region and the Central European automotive industrial concentration. The study gives an overview of the emergence of the special Triple Helix Model in the analysed Hungarian town. Based on the results of the research programme 'Gyor Regional Vehicle Industrial District as a New Direction and Investment of Regional Development' (TÁMOP-4.2.2.A-11/1/KONV-2012-0010) completed in 2014, the authors will present the "Model of Gyor". The paper outlines the most significant theoretical and empirical results of the research which serves further development prospects, paths and examples to other Hungarian towns or to towns with similar industrial background around the world. The model represents the urban network structure as a 'living system' of Gyor that includes the university, the automotive industry and related innovative companies like Audi and the town (local government) as a coordinating factor.

Open Access: No

DOI: DOI not available

Seismic performance evaluation of an irregular RC frame building

No authors available

Publication Name: Geotechnical Engineering for Infrastructure and Development - Proceedings of the XVI European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, ECSMGE 2015

Publication Date: 2015-01-01

Volume: 7

Issue:

Page Range: 4185-4190

Description:

This paper focuses on overcoming difficulties associated with the assessment of a multi-story reinforced concrete frame building constructed in several phases over time, with an irregular layout. Trying to develop a coherent, safe and sensible design in such a case is indeed a challenge for structural and geotechnical engineers. The retrofitting problem is made worse by incomplete data, a building with shallow and deep foundations, and architectural "re-purposing" of the entire structural assembly. A state-of-the art seismic performance evaluation according to Eurocode 8-3 is presented as a case study, with special emphasis on the topics of numerical modeling and foundation modeling. Potential modeling simplifications are considered as well.

Open Access: No

DOI: DOI not available

Correction to: Deindustrialization, Tertiarization and Suburbanization in Central and Eastern Europe. Lessons Learned from Bucharest City, Romania (Land, (2023), 12, 9, (1731), 10.3390/land12091731)

Tamás Hardi Radu Săgeată Ines Grigorescu Bianca Mitrică Andreea Loreta Cercleux

Publication Name: Land

Publication Date: 2024-04-01

Volume: 13

Issue: 4

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

In the original publication [1], there was a mistake in the legend for Figure 1 and Figure 4. A map legend can be explained either by text within the figure (where space permits) or by numbering the conventional signs within the figure, and explaining them below the figure (where space is more limited). In Figure 1 and Figure 4, the second method of explanation was initially used (by means of the numbers explained under the figure), but later, according to the indications received from the referents, the numbers in the figures were replaced by their explanations (according to the version uploaded on 3 September 2023). Due to an unfortunate error, in the version uploaded on 6 September 2023, Figure 1 and Figure 4 were uploaded with the conventional numbered signs in the legend, but without the explanation of the numbers below the figure, making the figures much more difficult to explain. Therefore, we request that these two figures be replaced with their variant, where the legend is explained in the text, as indicated by the referents. The correct legend appears below. The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/land13040486

Crisis, value, survival - Cross-reply to Kálmán Kulcsárs introduction: "modernization, regime change and the hungarian reality"

Károly Varga

Publication Name: Tarsadalomkutatas

Publication Date: 2009-12-01

Volume: 27

Issue: 4

Page Range: 401-422

Description:

The Editor-in-Chief of Társadalomkutatás starts the debate from one of the main topics of his research oeuvre, from modernisation as a 'dress rehearsal' of the scale of pilot study for the Delphi volume of discussions under preparation and to be edited by Kálmán Kulcsár and the present author. The first response to the paper is the present one, reversing the perspective of Professor Kulcsár's paper which is progressing in the history of concepts, and the author starts from the fact of the present global crisis and goes back in quest of elements that contain crisis potential right from the outset and can be grasped in the set of values of modernisation. Listing the relevant theses of several authors he presents evidence that besides the undoubtedly evolutionary achievements of modernisation some problematic factors as parasitic side-effects have been maturing in the value control of the process. Based on Hellemans he presents that in the face of the initial resistance of the institution of traditionally conservative values (such as the Roman Catholic Church) some basic values of modernisation would continue to show the direction, while he stresses of the discussion of modernisation between Daniel Bell and Habermas of the '70s that the forecast of disintegration implied in "consume hedonism" condemned by Bell proved to be more realistic than the perspective of the "project of modernisation" defended by Habermas. The current statements of the two authors already support this. In harmony with Bell's line Hofstede makes the fundamentally short-term orientation of the American set of values for the global crisis, contrasting it to the Chinese par excellence long-term one. Wallerstein's theory of centre and periphery also originates the present crisis from old contradictions, among others from the schizophrenic situation of the periphery which can only expect to enjoy the advantages of getting organically included in world economy only at the cost of the rapid amortisation of its human capital. The human capital model of Schulz may be linked to this, while it directs attention to the trend threatening survival in Hungary in view of domestic male mortality. It is at this point that my paper joins the conclusions of Professor Kulcsár's opening paper namely that the modernisation of the globalised world liveable by us as well is the adaptation of the society by its own conditions, together with the continuous improvement of those conditions. Thus following the warning of Domokos Kosáry we may avoid the present variant of dual mistake committed in the 20th century: namely disregarding the current space of mobility in global politics, and self-exposure to the 'favours' of great powers as well as of multinationals. © 2009, Akadémiai Kiadó.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/Tarskut.27.2009.4.3