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Found 6374 publications

Identification and dynamic analysis of crime hot-spots in Hungary by a complex Computer Intelligence approach

Peter Foldesi Boldizsar Tuu-Szabo Gabor Kovacs Gergő Fogarasi Laszlo T. Koczy Szilvia Nagy

Publication Name: Ines 2019 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems Proceedings

Publication Date: 2019-04-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 247-252

Description:

In the field of forensic science, crime maps are widely used. The representation of the data and analysis could offer some steps forward for crime prevention. Clustering is able to help identify criminal hot-spots and further analysis designate which require intervention. The aim of this study is to present a first step in the analysis of Hungary-related criminal information.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/INES46365.2019.9109437

Defining Correlation between the Modal Split of Inhabitants and Students and the Location of Housing Areas and Schools with the Analysis of Travel Plans

Petra Szakonyi Emese Makó

Publication Name: Transportation Research Procedia

Publication Date: 2014-01-01

Volume: 4

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 271-285

Description:

Across the world there is an increasing interest in managing car traffic. One approach developed for addressing the journey to work is known as 'workplace travel planning'. In the recent years the authors participated in two Intelligent Energy Europe projects (Pro.motion and Travel Plan Plus project) which aim was to deliver transport-sector energy savings by creating travel plans. During the development of the projects two local travel plans were worked out, one for the residential area of Ménfocsanak, in the city Gyor, Hungary and one for the elementary educational institutions of Gyor. The main objective of all these studies were to reduce the problems caused by private car users and more over to promote sustainable mobility choices for target groups. The main objective of these studies were to reduce the problems, caused by private car users and more over to promote sustainable mobility choices for target groups. The results of the projects showed us, that travel plans are effective tools in order to solve mobility challenges in a sustainable way and that land-use methods have strong effects on the success of travel plans.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.trpro.2014.11.021

Sustainability of Large AI Models: Balancing Environmental and Social Impact with Technology and Regulations

Peter Szarmes Gábor Élo

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 103-108

Description:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, particularly large language models, have shown remarkable advancements, revolutionising various fields across industries. However, the sustainability of building large AI models with billions of parameters has become a subject of concern due to their significant environmental and social impact. The training of such models consumes enormous amounts of water and energy and emits substantial carbon emissions, contributing to climate change as data centres heavily rely on fossil fuels. This article summarises the current situation and explores the benefits and challenges of large AI models, emphasising the environmental impact and proposing strategies towards sustainability. Special attention is given to the social challenges, including accessibility, job displacement, biases, and data privacy concerns. Finally, the article advocates for the formulation of green and good AI practices standards for the future. To achieve sustainability, regulations are suggested to ensure transparency and accountability while promoting innovation-friendly frameworks. The authors see that while there is more progress in technology and infrastructure to address environmental impacts, social impacts are more neglected, and they are arguing for more detailed regulation as a solution.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107018

Benchmarking methodology for IPv4aaS technologies: Comparison of the scalability of the Jool implementation of 464XLAT and MAP-T

Ádám Bazsó Gábor Lencse

Publication Name: Computer Communications

Publication Date: 2024-04-01

Volume: 219

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 243-258

Description:

A novel method is proposed for the performance and scalability measurements of the IPv4-as-a-Service (IPv4aaS) technologies. It works according to the dual Device Under Test (DUT) setup of RFC 8219 and is suitable for benchmarking any of the five IPv4aaS technologies: Combination of Stateful and Stateless Translation (464XLAT), Dual-Stack Lite (DS-Lite), Lightweight 4over6 (Lw4o6), Mapping of Address and Port with Encapsulation (MAP-E), and Mapping of Address and Port using Translation (MAP-T). The method is based on the reduction of the aggregate of Customer Edge (CE) and Provider Edge (PE) devices to a stateful network address translation from IPv4 to IPv4 (stateful NAT44) gateway. The most important advantage of the novel method is that a stateful NAT44 tester can be used instead of a technology-specific tester, which usually does not exist. The proposed method is validated by the examination of the performance and scalability of the Jool implementation of 464XLAT and MAP-T. Scalability is defined by both (1) how performance increases with the number of active Central Processing Unit (CPU) cores; and (2) how performance decreases with the increasing number of concurrent sessions. Maximum connection establishment rate and throughput are used as performance metrics. The scalability of 464XLAT and MAP-T is measured from 1 to 16 CPU cores and from 1 million to 256 million connections. The measurement details and results are fully disclosed and discussed.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.comcom.2024.03.007

Improvement and application of the viscous-type frequency-dependent preisach model

Miklós Kuczmann Gergely Kovács

Publication Name: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics

Publication Date: 2014-01-01

Volume: 50

Issue: 2

Page Range: 385-388

Description:

Iron parts of electrical machines are made of nonoriented isotropic ferromagnetic materials. The finite element method (FEM) is usually applied in the numerical field analysis and design of this equipment. The scalar Preisach hysteresis model has been implemented for the simulation of static and dynamic magnetic effects inside the ferromagnetic parts of motors. The dynamic model is an extension of the static one; an extra magnetic field intensity term is added to the output of the static inverse model. This is a viscosity-type dynamic model. The fixed point method with stable scheme has been realized to take frequency-dependent anomalous losses into account in FEM. This scheme can be used efficiently in the frame of any potential formulations of Maxwell's equations. The comparison between measured and simulated data using a toroidal core shows a good agreement. A modified nonlinear version of T.E.A.M. Problem No. 30.a is also shown to test the hysteresis model in the FEM procedure. © 1965-2012 IEEE.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2013.2283398

Str diversity of a historical sheep breed bottlenecked, the cikta

Petra Zenke Ákos Maróti-Agóts László Sáfár Károly Tempfli Endre Kovács A. Shannon András Gáspárdy Ágnes Bali Papp

Publication Name: Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences

Publication Date: 2019-02-01

Volume: 29

Issue: 1

Page Range: 41-47

Description:

The population structure of the endangered Cikta sheep breed was evaluated by means of nine microsatellite polymorphisms. Seventy-two individuals from three flocks were sampled to determine genetic indices in the Hungarian population. Overall, average observed and effective allele numbers were 5.63 and 3.76, respectively. Discriminant analysis based on genotype frequencies revealed moderate genetic diversity among Cikta flocks, since only three loci (OarCP49, CSSM47 and OarHH41) contributed significantly (P<0.05) to differences between subpopulations. Low squared Mahalanobis distances from group centroids also confirmed that the breed is almost equally represented by the three flocks. Moderate level of diversity between flocks was attributed to the long-term effects of a population bottleneck dating back to the 1970s. Negative average FIS value (-0.18) indicated heterozygote excess. Chi-squared tests identified significant (P<0.05) deviation from HWE in the case of BM8125, CSSM47, and MAF214 markers. Continuous microsatellite information is required for the preservation of rare alleles and diversity in Cikta sheep.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Solution procedure of dynamical contact problems with friction

Lotfi Abdelhakim

Publication Name: Aip Conference Proceedings

Publication Date: 2017-07-21

Volume: 1863

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Dynamical contact is one of the common research topics because of its wide applications in the engineering field. The main goal of this work is to develop a time-stepping algorithm for dynamic contact problems. We propose a finite element approach for elastodynamics contact problems [1]. Sticking, sliding and frictional contact can be taken into account. Lagrange multipliers are used to enforce non-penetration condition. For the time discretization, we propose a scheme equivalent to the explicit Newmark scheme. Each time step requires solving a nonlinear problem similar to a static friction problem. The nonlinearity of the system of equation needs an iterative solution procedure based on Uzawa's algorithm [2][3]. The applicability of the algorithm is illustrated by selected sample numerical solutions to static and dynamic contact problems. Results obtained with the model have been compared and verified with results from an independent numerical method.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1063/1.4992771

Hydrodynamic Modeling and Comprehensive Assessment of Pier Scour Depth and Rate Induced by Wood Debris Accumulation

Muhanad Al-Jubouri R. P. Ray

Publication Name: Hydrology

Publication Date: 2024-04-01

Volume: 11

Issue: 4

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study mainly investigates the impact of debris accumulation on scour depth and scour hole characteristics around bridge piers. Through controlled experiments with uniform sand bed material, the influence of various debris shapes (high wedge, low wedge, triangle yield, rectangular, triangle bow, and half-cylinder), upstream debris length, downstream debris extension, and debris thickness on scour depth and scour hole area and volume around the cylindrical pier were analyzed. The findings revealed that the shape and location of debris in the water column upstream of piers are key factors that determine the depth of scour, with high wedge shapes inducing the deepest scour and potentially the largest scour hole, particularly when positioned close to the pier and fully submerged. Scenarios in which triangle bow debris was submerged at full depth upstream of the pier closely resembled situations devoid of debris. Conversely, debris extension downstream of the pier was found to reduce local scour depth while concurrently enlarging the dimensions of the scour hole. The existing scour prediction equations tend to overestimate scour depth in scenarios involving debris, particularly when applying effective and equivalent pier width. This discrepancy arises because these equations were originally developed to predict scour depth around piers in the absence of debris. In response, a refined model for predicting scour induced by debris was proposed, integrating factors such as upstream debris length, downstream extension, obstruction percentage, and debris shape factor. This model demonstrated strong agreement with experimental data within the scope of this study and underwent further validation using additional experimental datasets from other research endeavors. In conclusion, this experimental study advances the comprehension of scour processes around cylindrical bridge piers, providing valuable insights into the role of debris characteristics and positioning.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/hydrology11040052

Ethnobotanical and cultural significance of Chaerophyllum bulbosum in the Carpathian Basin

G. Pinke Attila G.L. Németh Balázs Horváth

Publication Name: Kitaibelia

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 29

Issue: 2

Page Range: 141-159

Description:

Tuberous-rooted chervil (Chaerophyllum bulbosum) is one of the iconic plants in the Carpathian basin regarding ethnobotany. It is considered native to this region and it is known by about one hundred different Hungarian folk names and allophones. We have plenty of historical data about its gathering from the wild from the end of the 16th century, but certainly, it could have been collected much earlier by the people who lived here. In the whole Carpathian basin, mostly its tubers (and rarely the leaves as well) were gathered mainly by children, which were eaten in various forms and dishes, but most frequently raw as salad. Its popularity started to decline by the end of the 19th century, and in the middle of the 20th century, it was regarded as one of the ‘beets out of fashion’, which was slowly disappearing from the diet. From the 21st century, there is only one record about its gathering and consumption from Transylvania. In former times, along with other Chaerophyllum and Anthriscus species it was recommended to cure scorbute and diarrhoea and as a poultice for ulcers. In the Middle Ages, it was cultivated throughout Eastern and Central Europe, which could have also been true for the Carpathian Basin. Master Roger mentioned this species among the plants of devastated peasant gardens (1243, after the Mongol invasion). Thereafter, we have records only from the middle of the 19th century showing the obvious growing of its cultivated variety (called ‘chervil-beet’). However, its cultivation remained quite sporadic, and by the middle of the 20th century, it was already fully neglected. The plant occurred in Hungarian cookery books from the 16th century, especially in Transylvanian gastronomy. The remembrance of its former folk uses retained in Hungarian culture as well, it emerges in several poems and prose.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.17542/kit.29.056