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Found 6515 publications

On the antecedent sets for fuzzy classification of colorectal polyps with stabilized KH interpolation

Ferenc Lilik Laszlo T. Koczy Szilvia Nagy

Publication Name: Studies in Computational Intelligence

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: 796

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 23-33

Description:

Polyps in the colorectal part of the bowel appear often, and in many cases these polyps can develop into malign lesions, such as cancer. Colonoscopy is the most efficient way to study the inner surface of the colorectum, and doctors usually are able to detect polyps on a motion picture diagnostic session. However, it is useful to have an automated tool that can help drawing attention to given parts of the image, and later a method for classification the polyps can also be developed. Statistical properties of the colour channels of the images are used as antecedents for a fuzzy decision system, together with edge densities and Renyi entropies-based structural entropy. However promising the processed images are, the variation in the preparation of the diagnosis as well as the practice of the operating personnel can lead to images with significantly different noise and distortion level, thus detecting the polyp can be complicated. In the following considerations image groups are presented that have similarities from the polyp detection point of view, and those type of images are also given, which can spoil a well prepared detecting system.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-00485-9_3

Investigations among family businesses operating in the settlement of the Transdanubia region

Csilla Polster Konczosné Szombathelyi Márta

Publication Name: Civil Szemle

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 18

Issue: 2

Page Range: 21-34

Description:

This paper presents the role of family businesses in strengthening social capital. Its aim is to examine the impact of these enterprises on local society and their role in local society. In this paper, after the interpretation of family businesses, social capital, embedding, and local society, the impact of the examined family businesses on local society is presented. The method of this study was in-depth interviews conducted among the owners of 207 family businesses in Transdanubia counties: 128 in villages and small towns, and 79 in medium-sized and large cities were conducted. In the framework of the interviews, therelations of family businesses at the local level, their relations with social organizations, their identity and attachments, and their embeddedness were explored. The main results of the in-depth interviews are that in three of the five indicators examined, in the smaller settlements the embedded family companies have a stronger embeddedness and con-nection with the local society, in one case it is equally high. However, family businesses in larger settlements also have a very significant impact on local society, in terms of trust, reputation, family values, community relations and collaborations, social networking, and local identity

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Hydrodynamic Modeling and Comprehensive Assessment of Pier Scour Depth and Rate Induced by Wood Debris Accumulation

Muhanad Al-Jubouri Richard Ray

Publication Name: Hydrology

Publication Date: 2024-04-01

Volume: 11

Issue: 4

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study mainly investigates the impact of debris accumulation on scour depth and scour hole characteristics around bridge piers. Through controlled experiments with uniform sand bed material, the influence of various debris shapes (high wedge, low wedge, triangle yield, rectangular, triangle bow, and half-cylinder), upstream debris length, downstream debris extension, and debris thickness on scour depth and scour hole area and volume around the cylindrical pier were analyzed. The findings revealed that the shape and location of debris in the water column upstream of piers are key factors that determine the depth of scour, with high wedge shapes inducing the deepest scour and potentially the largest scour hole, particularly when positioned close to the pier and fully submerged. Scenarios in which triangle bow debris was submerged at full depth upstream of the pier closely resembled situations devoid of debris. Conversely, debris extension downstream of the pier was found to reduce local scour depth while concurrently enlarging the dimensions of the scour hole. The existing scour prediction equations tend to overestimate scour depth in scenarios involving debris, particularly when applying effective and equivalent pier width. This discrepancy arises because these equations were originally developed to predict scour depth around piers in the absence of debris. In response, a refined model for predicting scour induced by debris was proposed, integrating factors such as upstream debris length, downstream extension, obstruction percentage, and debris shape factor. This model demonstrated strong agreement with experimental data within the scope of this study and underwent further validation using additional experimental datasets from other research endeavors. In conclusion, this experimental study advances the comprehension of scour processes around cylindrical bridge piers, providing valuable insights into the role of debris characteristics and positioning.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/hydrology11040052

Searching for a nonlinear ODE model of vehicle crash with genetic optimization

Miklós F. Hatwagner István Harmati Andras Horvath

Publication Name: Saci 2012 7th IEEE International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics Proceedings

Publication Date: 2012-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 131-136

Description:

Vehicle crash is a very complex process, which can be modelled in details using the finite element method (FEM), but a simple, quasi-heuristic model with a limited number of parameters is often more beneficial. In this paper we propose a relatively simple dynamic model for deformation and force during a frontal collision process, which has very similar behavior to the experimental data. A genetic-type optimization of model parameters is executed on three car crash experimental data sets. ©2012 IEEE.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/saci.2012.6249990

Criminal Legal Steps to Stop the Irregular Migration in Hungary

Róbert Bartkó Ferenc Sántha

Publication Name: European Journal of Crime Criminal Law and Criminal Justice

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 32

Issue: 3

Page Range: 197-219

Description:

From 2015, migratory pressures put a heavy burden on EU countries. In 2015, Hungary took a new approach by building a border fence and creating criminal legal rules to protect it. This study aims to assess these measures in the EU sphere. Our research was based on EU (FRONTEX) and national (Prosecutor General’s Office information) data and assessed the Hungarian solution in the light of the migration policy of other Member States located along the main migratory routes. The data show: (1) the criminal law has no substantive effect, and (2) the law enforcement tools are effective. Moreover, the domestic data also show that Hungary is not consistent in its policy and has preferred law enforcement tools to criminal legal tools in the past few years, which violates the basic principles of criminal law: the principle of legality and the principle of ultima ratio.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1163/15718174-BJA10056

Disproportionate exposure to urban heat island intensity – The case study of Győr, Hungary

Eszter Szemerédi Sándor Remsei

Publication Name: Hungarian Geographical Bulletin

Publication Date: 2024-03-30

Volume: 73

Issue: 1

Page Range: 17-33

Description:

Extensive research has shown that urbanisation has a profound effect on the local climate system, leading to the formation of urban heat island. Exposure to urban heat islands poses a major health risk, and there is a growing body of literature recognising that urban population groups with particular demographic characteristics living in specific types of residential environments are disproportionately affected. By combining surface urban heat island data from the Global Surface Urban Heat Island Explorer with neighbourhood-level data on demographics and the type of housing, this study assesses disproportionate exposure to surface urban heat island intensity in the city of Győr, Hungary. Results of the study highlight the importance of targeted interventions for environmental justice, especially in areas characterised by housing estates, high population density and high ageing index.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.15201/hungeobull.73.1.2

Multi-objective Optimization of Electric Motors with a Kriging Surrogate Model

György Istenes Zoltán Horváth

Publication Name: 2022 22nd International Symposium on Electrical Apparatus and Technologies Siela 2022 Proceedings

Publication Date: 2022-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Since the electric drive systems are already used in numerous cars and other vehicles as well, the widely varying fields of applications require custom motor design. The most efficient tool for different specified motor designs is the multi-objective optimization tool based on validated simulations. An electrical motor optimization system with a kriging surrogate model based on FEM simulations is developed. The application of this system is presented in this paper. The models and the simulations were created in ANSYS Maxwell and MATLAB. The optimization was performed with the multi-objective genetic optimization algorithm by MATLAB which can be controlled by a simple input-output MATLAB interface.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/SIELA54794.2022.9845694

Dietary fibers, prebiotics, and exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria: Potential health benefits with special regard to cholesterol-lowering effects

E. Korcz Z. Kerényi L. Varga

Publication Name: Food and Function

Publication Date: 2018-06-01

Volume: 9

Issue: 6

Page Range: 3057-3068

Description:

The gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota, which plays a crucial role in human health, is influenced by a number of factors including diet. Consumption of specific dietary ingredients, such as dietary fibers and prebiotics, is an avenue by which the microbiota can be positively modulated. These substances may also reduce serum cholesterol levels through various mechanisms. Interest has increased in methods of reducing blood cholesterol level, because dyslipidemia is recognized as a contributory risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Several drugs have been developed for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia; however, undesirable side effects were observed, which have caused concerns about their long-term therapeutic use. Alternatively, many nonpharmacological approaches were tested to reduce elevated serum cholesterol levels. Dietary fibers and prebiotics have particularly beneficial effects on the GIT microbiome, and can also reduce serum cholesterol level through various mechanisms. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are potentially capable of synthesizing different polysaccharides, e.g. exopolysaccharides (EPS), which may play a role as prebiotics. LAB-based EPS have the potential to affect the gastrointestinal microbiome and reduce cholesterol. However, as dietary fibers comprise a complex group of substances with remarkably diverse structures, properties, and impacts, EPS also differ greatly and show a multitude of beneficial health effects. This review discusses the current knowledge related to the effects of dietary fibers and prebiotics on the human GIT microbiome, the prebiotic properties of EPS produced by LAB, and the health-promoting benefits of these polymers with special emphasis being given to cholesterol lowering.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00118a

The relationship between bank lending and economic factors in the regions of Kazakhstan

Laszlo Vasa Elvira Nurekenova Assel Bekbossinova

Publication Name: Banks and Bank Systems

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 19

Issue: 4

Page Range: 1-16

Description:

Understanding the impact of economic factors on bank lending is crucial in Kazakhstan’s modern economy, characterized by volatile inflation and fluctuations in real wages. This paper aims to investigate the link between bank lending and economic factors such as inflation, real wages, and consumer expenditure in a regional context. Data from the Bureau of National Statistics and the National Bank, covering the period from 2012 to 2022, were used to uncover how economic factors influence bank lending. For the analysis, various economic indicators were integrated through normalization and averaging. Analysis reveals significant regional disparities in real wages and consumer expenditures, which impact the demand for bank credit. The results of the correlation matrix showed that both real wages (P-value < 0.001) and inflation (P-value < 0.001) significantly impact bank lending, with an R2 value of 0.998, indicating that the model explains 99.8% of the variation in bank lending. The regression analysis highlights that regions with higher real wages, such as Astana, Almaty, and Atyrau, provide the most favorable conditions for banking sector growth, demonstrated by a strong relationship between wages and bank lending. In contrast, regions with lower wage levels, such as Turkestan and Zhambyl, show a significantly weaker connection (around 0.65), reflecting their lower attractiveness for banking investment and emphasizing the need for policies to address social inequality. The Durbin-Watson test confirmed no autocorrelation in residuals (DW = 1.89), although heteroscedasticity was detected, suggesting the need for further model adjustments. The study emphasizes the importance of developing economic policies that can balance regional development and improve financial stability.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.21511/bbs.19(4).2024.01