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Found 6674 publications

Recent Changes in Hungarian Criminal Legislation to Address Irregular Migration

Róbert Bartkó

Publication Name: Iza Journal of Development and Migration

Publication Date: 2024-03-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 1

Page Range: 31-41

Description:

The last two decades have seen a dramatic increase in international migration, with Europe experiencing a significant influx of individuals from developing countries, especially the Near-East. This phenomenon has led to a spike in irregular migration into the European Union, reaching peak levels in the past four years, profoundly affecting both the EU and its individual member states. Hungary, facing a considerable influx of migrants in 2015, took a decisive political step by adopting specific criminal measures aimed at mitigating this irregular migration. This move resulted in notable modifications to the Hungarian legal framework, especially concerning criminal law and procedures. The Hungarian Criminal Code was expanded to include three novel offenses: the destruction of the border fence, illegal crossing of the border fence, and interference with the construction of the border fence. Furthermore, the general part of the Criminal Code underwent revisions to thoroughly address the issue of irregular migration. This study seeks to explore the adjustments made to Hungarian criminal law in response to irregular migration, focusing on the introduction of new legal definitions and examining criminal statistics from 2015 to 2017. It is important to note that the analysis is based solely on official criminal data from 2015 to 2017, as figures for 2018 were not available at the time due to ongoing consolidation by the Unified Hungarian Criminal Statistics of Investigation Authorities and Prosecution.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.62693/415ebh62

Numerical Covariance Evaluation for Linear Structures Subject to Non-Stationary Random Inputs

Marco Domaneschi L. Sardone R. M. Movahedi Raffaele Cucuzza Giuseppe Carlo Marano Santiago Londoño López

Publication Name: Computation

Publication Date: 2024-03-01

Volume: 12

Issue: 3

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Random vibration analysis is a mathematical tool that offers great advantages in predicting the mechanical response of structural systems subjected to external dynamic loads whose nature is intrinsically stochastic, as in cases of sea waves, wind pressure, and vibrations due to road asperity. Using random vibration analysis is possible, when the input is properly modeled as a stochastic process, to derive pieces of information about the structural response with a high quality (if compared with other tools), especially in terms of reliability prevision. Moreover, the random vibration approach is quite complex in cases of non-linearity cases, as well as for non-stationary inputs, as in cases of seismic events. For non-stationary inputs, the assessment of second-order spectral moments requires resolving the Lyapunov matrix differential equation. In this research, a numerical procedure is proposed, providing an expression of response in the state-space that, to our best knowledge, has not yet been presented in the literature, by using a formal justification in accordance with earthquake input modeled as a modulated white noise with evolutive parameters. The computational efforts are reduced by considering the symmetry feature of the covariance matrix. The adopted approach is applied to analyze a multi-story building, aiming to determine the reliability related to the maximum inter-story displacement surpassing a specified acceptable threshold. The building is presumed to experience seismic input characterized by a non-stationary process in both amplitude and frequency, utilizing a general Kanai–Tajimi earthquake input stationary model. The adopted case study is modeled in the form of a multi-degree-of-freedom plane shear frame system.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/computation12030050

Managing the resolution of simulation models

No authors available

Publication Name: ESM 2008 - 2008 European Simulation and Modelling Conference: Modelling and Simulation 2008

Publication Date: 2008-01-01

Volume:

Issue:

Page Range: 38-42

Description:

A novel approach based on inflation and deflation is proposed for managing the resolution of simulation models. Different methods are proposed for manual or automatic deflation. An example is given how a topology description language can be extended to support the inflation/deflation concept. Dynamic management of the model resolution is introduced using the method called inflate-the-next and also two of its possible improvements. © 2008 EUROSIS-ETI.

Open Access: No

DOI: DOI not available

One succeeds and the other fails? Criminal justice in times of emergency

Peter Vaczi

Publication Name: Frontiers in Political Science

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 7

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The Government has declared a state of emergency for the whole territory of Hungary for a period of 210 days from 1 November 2022 in view of the armed conflict and humanitarian disaster in Ukraine and to avert and manage the consequences of such conflicts in Hungary. Under the rules of emergency legislation, the Government is thus once again in a constitutional position to suspend the application of certain laws, derogate from statutory provisions and take other extraordinary measures. On the basis of this authorization, Government Decree 3/2023 (I. 12.) on the different application of certain provisions concerning the execution of sentences during a state of emergency was adopted at the beginning of the year, according to which, upon the request of a non-Hungarian convict, the national commander of the penitentiary system shall suspend the execution of the sentence until the transfer of the sentence, provided that certain conditions are met and there are no grounds for exclusion. Based on a detailed analysis of the legislation, it can be concluded that in practice this may also mean the remission of the remaining part of the sentence, since the receiving foreign state must ensure the enforcement of the sentence under Hungarian rules, but it is questionable whether this will be done. This outcome, however, runs counter to the fundamental principle of criminal justice, the principle of proportionate punishment, as it discriminates between offenders based on nationality. How compatible is this solution with the fundamental principles of the rule of law, such as non-discrimination or the principle of the obligation to be punished?

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3389/fpos.2025.1511739

Effects of Lip Length and Inside Radius-to-Thickness Ratio on Buckling Behavior of Cold-Formed Steel C-Sections

Ardalan B. Hussein Diyari B. Hussein

Publication Name: Buildings

Publication Date: 2024-03-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 3

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Cold-formed steel (CFS) sections constructed with high-strength steel have gained prominence in construction owing to their advantages, including a high strength-to-weight ratio, shape flexibility, availability in long spans, portability, cost-effectiveness, and design versatility. However, the thin thickness of CFS members makes them susceptible to various forms of buckling. This study focuses on addressing and mitigating different types of buckling in columns and beams by manipulating the lip length (d) and the ratio of inside radius to thickness (Ri/t) in CFS C-sections. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive analysis involving 176 models was conducted through the Finite Element Method (FEM). The findings reveal that an increase in lip length leads to a corresponding increase in critical elastic buckling load and moment ((Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), (Formula presented.), and (Formula presented.)). It is recommended to utilize a lip length greater than or equal to 15 mm for both columns and beams to mitigate various buckling types effectively. Conversely, an increase in the ratio of inside radius to thickness (Ri/t) results in an increase in critical elastic local buckling load ((Formula presented.)) and moment ((Formula presented.)). Thus, lip length (d) significantly influences column and beam buckling, whereas Ri/t exhibits a relatively impactful effect. Subsequently, the experimental test results were used to verify finite element models. These insights contribute significant knowledge for optimizing the design and performance of CFS C-sections in structural applications.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/buildings14030587

Morphological, phenological and molecular diversity of woodland grape (Vitis sylvestris gmel.) genotypes from the szigetkÖz, hungary

Gábor Koltai Gizella Jahnke János Májer Zóra Annamária Nagy Róbert Oláh

Publication Name: Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 71

Issue: 1

Page Range: 90-98

Description:

From 2012 to 2015 32 woodland grape genotypes were collected from the Szigetköz and the Fertő-Hanság National Park, Hungary, and ex-situ preserved in the gene bank of the NARIC Research Institute for Viticulture and Enology in Badacsony, Hungary. Phenological development stages based on the BBCH scale and ampelographic data according to 30 OIV descriptors were recorded. Isozyme and SSR analyses were carried out in the preserved genotypes, 18 Vitis vinifera varieties and 20 rootstocks were also analysed for comparison. Summarizing the results it can be estab-lished, that the ex-situ preserved genotypes are true-to-type woodland grapes, belonging to Vitis sylvestris Gmel. var. typica. Further quest, ex-situ and in-situ preservation and analyses of the Vitis sylvestris Gmel. germplasm in Hungary are needed.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

EXAMINING THE VISIBILITY OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON THE WEBSITES OF HUNGARIAN STATE UNIVERSITIES

Adrienn Reisinger Zsolt Dános

Publication Name: Deturope

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 13

Issue: 3

Page Range: 58-72

Description:

The paper investigates university social responsibility at Hungarian universities by examining their websites. Although the concept of university social responsibility has existed for nearly 20 years, the scope of its research and theoretical literature still falls far short of that of corporate social responsibility. There is extant literature on the topic including case studies from around the world showing the importance of university social responsibility. Nevertheless, the scope of thematic analysis of the topic is very narrow with only a few pieces of comprehensive systematic research published so far, and the theoretical literature only highlights the work of some major researchers. Due to the complexity of the topic, the amount of previous literature attempting to explore the effects of university social responsibility is also limited. The aim of this paper is to investigate how terms relating to social responsibility appear on the websites of Hungarian universities. In autumn 2019 research was carried out involving twenty-one universities. The paper analyses how social responsibility is visible on university websites based on given keywords. The research employed quantitative content analysis. The hypothesis was that based on visibility the same university categories can be formed according to the size and profile of the institutions. According to the authors’ present knowledge no such research has been carried out in Hungary so far. There are some university website researches in different countries but with different purposes with the special focus on sustainability. So the method of the present research is an attempt to find out how to measure the social responsibility visibility of universities and how to make categorizations based on the analyses. The limitation of the research is, among others, that universities have different search engines on their websites, which can lead to the misinterpretation of results. The main findings are that the visibility of social responsibility based on website analyses depends not only on the size and profile of the institutions; therefore, the investigation of visibility can contribute to the creation of new categories proving that social responsibility is far beyond the size or profile of the universities. The findings can help institutions develop the conscious communication of their social responsibility activity, and provide assistance to the research community.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.32725/det.2021.019

Developing a macroscopic model based on fuzzy cognitive map for road traffic flow simulation

Miklos Ferenc Hatwagner Gergely Mikulai Mehran Amini László T. Kóczy

Publication Name: Infocommunications Journal

Publication Date: 2021-01-01

Volume: 13

Issue: 3

Page Range: 14-23

Description:

Fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) have been broadly employed to analyze complex and decidedly uncertain systems in modeling, forecasting, decision making, etc. Road traffic flow is also notoriously known as a highly uncertain nonlinear and complex system. Even though applications of FCM in risk analysis have been presented in various engineering fields, this research aims at modeling road traffic flow based on macroscopic characteristics through FCM. Therefore, a simulation of variables involved with road traffic flow carried out through FCM reasoning on historical data collected from the e-toll dataset of Hungarian networks of freeways. The proposed FCM model is developed based on 58 selected freeway segments as the “concepts” of the FCM; moreover, a new inference rule for employing in FCM reasoning process along with its algorithms have been presented. The results illustrate FCM representation and computation of the real segments with their main road traffic-related characteristics that have reached an equilibrium point. Furthermore, a simulation of the road traffic flow by performing the analysis of customized scenarios is presented, through which macroscopic modeling objectives such as predicting future road traffic flow state, route guidance in various scenarios, freeway geometric characteristics indication, and effectual mobility can be evaluated.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.36244/ICJ.2021.3.2

ModRTU InjectX: A Command Injection Simulation Tool for Industrial Cybersecurity Research

Zoltán Dobrády Timót Hidvégi Szilvia Nagy

Publication Name: 60th International Scientific Conference on Information Communication and Energy Systems and Technologies Icest 2025 Proceedings

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

ModRTU_InjectX is a Python-based research tool with a graphical user interface, specifically designed for real-time monitoring, analysis, and command injection simulation within Modbus RTU industrial communication systems. The platform enables users to craft custom data packets and inject them into the serial communication channel using event-driven logic, effectively modelling realistic cyberattack scenarios. All communication is logged and can be exported in structured formats, making the system ideal for creating annotated datasets for training and validating machine learning-based intrusion detection systems. The tool supports parallel injection block configurations, evaluates attack effectiveness, and provides detailed statistical summaries. ModRTU_InjectX serves as a valuable contribution to the research infrastructure for industrial cybersecurity.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/ICEST66328.2025.11098380