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Found 6407 publications

Three models of sovereignty-protection

Péter Smuk Tamara Álvarez Robles

Publication Name: Rechtskultur

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 515-533

Description:

This paper discusses three approaches of what we call sovereignty and the protection thereof. The classical concept of sovereignty needs a multi-layered analysis in order to understand recent developments in different legal-political discourses and narratives. We suggest to take into consideration the following layers that are interconnected in various ways. The first aspect is the classical sovereignty concept of the 19th–20th centuries, which, after the consolidation of nation states, acts against attacks or interventions targeting the constituent elements and functions of the state (territory, population, legitimate government-jurisdiction). This model uses the mechanisms of the United Nations in addition to the classical nation-state defence and diplomatic instruments. Another layer notes the developments in Euro-Atlantic integration: recently we observe the sovereignty disputes within the European Union fuelled by the identity-discourse. The third dimension understanding sovereignty disputes is to characterise operations in cyberspace in the 21st century, targeting not only defence and critical infrastructure, but also democratic discourses. In this paper, we will review the main features of these sovereignty layers, with a particular focus on the lessons to be drawn from supranational and cyberspace disputes. The EU Member States’ toolbox, together with recent developments in sovereignty, identity and democracy protection, will be assessed in the light of European constitutional standards.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Different Breeding Values Under Uniform Environmental Condition for Milk Production Yield Traits in Holstein-Friesian Cows

Szabolcs Bene László Bognár Zsolt J. Kőrösi Ferenc Szabó István Anton

Publication Name: Animals

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

In this study, 1,616,549 Holstein-Friesian females were genotyped for genomic evaluation of genetic merit (BVGenomic). Genotyping was performed using the EuroGenomics MD v3.0 chipset on the Illumina microarray scanner platform operated by an accredited Illumina laboratory. In addition, international and national reference populations were used for traditional BLUP breeding value (BV) estimation for both individuals (BVBLUP) and parents (BVPedigree). A single-step BLUP animal model was used for this estimation. A sample of 190 first lactation progeny cows from a single herd, reared and kept under consistent environmental conditions, was used to validate the three types of BV estimation methods. Correlation and regression analysis were used to study the association between the phenotypic performance and the results of three different estimation models. The average production of the 305-day standard lactation was 10,910.5 kg milk, 397.86 kg butterfat and 365.33 kg protein. Comparative analyses showed that BVBLUP had the highest accuracy, followed by BVGenomic, while BVPedigree was the least reliable, R2 = 0.37 to 0.48; 0.09 to 0.23; 0.02 to 0.06, respectively.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/ani15010051

New Ways of Career Orientation for the Automotive Scope: Future Engineer Program of University of Győr Zalaegerszeg Innovation Park

Daniel Robert Szabo Renáta Tóth-Pákozdi

Publication Name: International Journal of Automotive Science and Technology

Publication Date: 2025-12-17

Volume: 9

Issue: 1st Future of Vehicles Conf.

Page Range: 82-89

Description:

Today’s rapid developments have resulted in a change in students’ attitudes and their attitude to learning. In order to provide effective education, it is necessary for educational institutions to understand these changes in attitudes and to adapt the organisation and methodology of education accordingly. In addition, institutions need to take on new roles in an era of globalisation and rapid technological change in order to contribute to social and economic development. In this respect, teaching methods based on practicality may come to the fore; the use of inductive approaches may be an excellent response to this new challenge. The university preparatory course of the University of Győr - Zalaegerszeg Innovation Park builds on the above. The Future Engineer - ZalaZONE is a 6-week series of special, unique elements; a set of methods aimed at introducing and familiarising secondary school students with research and project-based education and practical skills, while at the same time supporting the university’s engineer career orientation. Since 2023, the course has been organised on six occasions, engaging 100 participants. A further unique and special feature of the programme is the creation of a course covering automotive topics, targeting secondary school students in the Zalaegerszeg Innovation Park environment, especially in a strong connection of R&D activities, industrial services and academic partnership. Briefly, this article brings a new look to the existing literature in the following areas: (I) alig ning inductive, practice-centred approaches (IBL/PBL) with the evolving learning attitudes of Generation Z and Alpha; (II) documenting the design of a university preparatory course embe dded in a science-park ecosystem that integrates R&D infrastructure and academic partnership; and (III) demonstrating a transition from subject-based instruction toward integrated automotive themes that stimulate complex, experience-based learning.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.30939/IJASTECH..1757986

Effect of Printing Parameters on the Tensile Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Thermoplastic Polyurethane †

László Lendvai Sándor K. Jakab

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 113

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filament was used to fabricate specimens through material extrusion (MEX)-based 3D printing technique with varying printing parameters. Nozzle diameters of 0.4 mm and 0.8 mm were used, while the printing infill orientation (also denoted as raster angle) was either parallel (0°) to the length of the specimens, perpendicular to it (90°), or at a 45° angle with alternating direction in each layer (±45°). Tensile tests were conducted to determine tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation at break of the samples. The highest tensile strength was achieved using a 0.8 mm nozzle diameter and 0° raster angle, reaching 32.5 MPa, with a corresponding Young’s modulus of 145.8 MPa. Meanwhile, the sample with the lowest modulus (100.4 MPa) and tensile strength (17.8 MPa) was the one 3D-printed with a 0.4 mm nozzle and 90° raster angle.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2025113019

New species and records of Oripodoidea (Acari, Oribatida) from Mexico

Sergey G. Ermilov Jenő Kontschán

Publication Name: Systematic and Applied Acarology

Publication Date: 2023-06-28

Volume: 28

Issue: 6

Page Range: 1109-1120

Description:

Twelve species, 10 genera and five families of Oripodoidea (Oribatida) are registered from leaf litter in secondary semi-evergreen forest in Quintana Roo, Mexico; of them, five species (Nasobates spinosus, Mucrobates fissuratus, Scheloribates milleri, S. (Perscheloribates) minusculus, Protoribates paracapucinus) are recorded for the first time in this country; two species (Muliercula bilineata, Peloribates (Peloribatodes) roynortoni) are found for the first time in the Neotropical region. Two new species - Scheloribates (Perscheloribates) mexicoensissp. nov. (Scheloribatidae) and Setoxylobates palaciosvargasisp. nov. (Haplozetidae) - are described. An identification key to the known species of Scheloribates (Perscheloribates) from the Neotropical region is provided.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.11158/saa.28.6.8

Investigation of flame retardant RPET foam

V. A. Szabó Gabor Dogossy

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering

Publication Date: 2020-01-01

Volume: 64

Issue: 1

Page Range: 81-87

Description:

The use of plastics in the food and the packaging industries continuously is increasing. In these areas of use the product's life cycle is short, therefore it quickly turns into waste. The polyethylene terephthalate (PET) - the material that is used as beverage containers - are the material with the greatest environmental load. The physical recycling of PET bottles in large quantities was the research goal. During the work with the help of chemical foaming a closed cell structural foam from PET bottle was produced. The research was carried out with upcycling using chain extender and impact modifier additives. For industrial use a bromine-based flame retardant was used and excellent flame retardancy was achieved. Based on the results obtained, the material previously managed as waste, with the appropriate treatment can be involved into the manufacturing of new products.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPme.14556

Legislation on the Appointment of Heads of Autonomous Central Public Administration Entities in Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia

András Lapsánszky Gábor Hulkó

Publication Name: Studia Iuridica Lublinensia

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 34

Issue: 4

Page Range: 51-81

Description:

The research article offers a comparative analysis of the legislative frameworks governing the appointment of heads of autonomous central public administration entities in Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The relevance of the subject matter lies at the intersection of administrative law and public governance, addressing the critical question of how legal provisions shape the institutional autonomy and professionalism of state bodies. Although the three countries share common historical and regional characteristics, the study reveals significant differences in the legal regulation and practical execution of appointments. The central thesis posits that legal frameworks alone are insufficient to guarantee institutional independence if political discretion and informal practices undermine transparency and merit-based selection. The research aims to evaluate the degree of formal autonomy, the safeguards against politicisation, and the effectiveness of legal norms in ensuring im partiality. The originality of the research stems from its interdisciplinary and comparative approach, integrating doctrinal legal analysis with an examination of administrative realities. While the scope of the study is national, its relevance extends across Central Europe and the broader EU context. The findings contribute meaningfully to ongoing academic and policy debates on good governance, rule of law, and institutional integrity in public administration.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.17951/sil.2025.34.4.51-81

Where Do Pedestrians Look, When Crossing Suburban Railway Lines with Right- and Left-Hand Traffic?

Gabriella Kosztolányi-Iván Csaba Koren Bayasgalan Nemekh

Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 1258 LNNS

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 107-119

Description:

We have learned from childhood on, that before crossing a street, first we must look left, then to right. This is related with the right-hand traffic system of cars. The research question in this paper is: how we behave in an unfamiliar situation, when crossing left-hand traffic. In Budapest, four of the five suburban railway lines operate with right-hand traffic, but one of them works in the left-hand system. The aim of this article is to investigate the behavior of pedestrians in level crossings with right- and left-hand railway traffic and to reveal any differences between their behavior, as well as the safety of these lines. The main findings are that pedestrians look at the “built-in” left-right order, even it is not the safest option. Parallelly, accident data show worse safety situation of the line with left-hand traffic. As conclusion, some low-cost infrastructure measures are recommended.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-81799-1_11

The polarization method combined with the Newton-Raphson technique in magnetostatic field problems

Miklós Kuczmann

Publication Name: Przeglad Elektrotechniczny

Publication Date: 2008-12-01

Volume: 84

Issue: 12

Page Range: 198-201

Description:

Nonlinear magnetic field problems can be solved by using the polarization method. After applying the Finite Element Method (FEM), a system of nonlinear equations can be derived, which can only be solved by iterative techniques. The fixed point iteration scheme and the Newton-Raphson technique are the most widely used algorithms to solve nonlinear equations. The first is known as a convergent, but slow algorithm, while the other is a fast solver, which convergence can be critical. This paper presents and compares the two methods.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available