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Integration of Sustainability into the operation of businesses through Human Resource Management Education

Attila Pongracz Szabolcs Rákosi

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 91-96

Description:

This research focuses on a hardly studied dimension of Sustainability, on its aspects of Human Resource Management (HRM). The examination of the topic is justified by the fact that the emergence of Sustainable Human Resources Management (SHRM) as one of today's modern, innovative HR approaches has not yet been examined in Hungary. Thus, the research fills a gap. The study aims to investigate how and to what extent Sustainability is implemented in the HRM practices of businesses of different sizes in the Northwest-Hungarian Economic Development Zone. The questionnaire survey forming the basis of this study was carried out by interviewing managers and HR professionals of the companies. The results indicate that Sustainability appears in extremely diverse ways and degrees in the examined organizations. The vast majority of them still consider Sustainability to be a primarily environmental issue. During their operations, the companies highlight the economic and environmental aspects of Sustainability and, despite the labor shortage, do not place a significant emphasis on Sustainability in the areas of Staffing, Compensation Management, and Staff Development. As a result of this research, Széchenyi István University ensures, through the development of HR training, that future professionals can develop and operate the model of SHRM in practice by taking into account new aspects and applying a complex approach. The results of the study will not only provide new value for the academic sphere but can also contribute to more efficient and fair operation of businesses.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107016

Numerical Examination of a Forest Area Fire

László Környei Csaba Hajdu F. Hajdu Rajmund Kuti Dóra Beke

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 61-66

Description:

An important task of sustainability is the protection of Earth's forests and the prevention of forest fires. In this paper, the numerical examination of a typical Hungarian ash forest fire is presented. The connection between sustainability and forest fire simulations is also discussed. For the simulation, a Fire Dynamics Simulator was selected, and a particle-based model was used. The simulation setup, which includes a random location of trees following Poisson distribution, is also explained. Then, the simulation of a 10x10 m area of ash forest is presented. It was found that in case of arson, the fire spreads rapidly among the trees, and there will be a high-intensity fire in which the forest area burns down in 4 min. The mass loss rate, the temperature, and the heat release rate also increased fast (above 50 kg/s, above 2,000 °C and above 800,000 kW). The aerosol concentration reached a high pollutant concentration (1.3x10-6), and the carbon dioxide concentration also increased significantly (above 14,000 ppm). These changes have a direct effect on climate change. Therefore, it is important to examine them in a simulation environment. The simulation was compared to a pine tree forest simulation, and it could be observed that in the case of the pine tree, the values are similar, but phenomena occur faster. With the computer simulation, it is easier to determine the areas affected by the fire, which also helps fire prevention and firefighting. The aim of the research is to contribute to the prevention and more efficient extinguishment of wildfires and the sustainability of the Earth.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107011

Beta-Casein Genotyping in Dairy Cow Herds in Győr-Moson-Sopron County

Károly Tempfli Henrietta Buzás Sárvári Loretta Csilla Zsofia Meszaros László Gulyás

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 451-456

Description:

The main objective of this study was to determine the beta-casein A1/A2 polymorphism status of animals in two Holstein Friesian dairy cow herds in Győr-Moson-Sopron County, Hungary. The A1/A2 status of cattle is determined by the beta-casein gene on the sixth chromosome. The analysed single nucleotide polymorphism is non-synonymous; A1 and A2 variants of bovine beta-casein differ at position 67 of the amino acid chain: A1 variant codes for histidine and A2 codes for proline, which may affect the milk protein degradation process. The analysed polymorphism leads to key conformational changes in the secondary protein structure of beta-casein. Beta-casomorphin (known as BCM7) is released only from A1-type milk and cannot be completely degraded by enzymes during digestion. DNA isolation was performed from whole blood, and a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method with agarose gel electrophoresis was applied in order to determine individual genotypes. The results from the two dairy farms demonstrate that a high proportion of cows (86.08 and 90.74 %) carry the A2 gene variant without targeted selection. At farm „A”, beta-casein polymorphisms were determined in 599 cows and 148 heifers. The genotype distribution of the cows was 47.25 % heterozygous, 38.83 % homozygous A2, whereas 14.02 % of the cows carried the A1A1 genotype. In heifers, A2A2 was already present in a remarkably high frequency (91.89 %), whereas the prevalence of heterozygotes was 7.43 %, and A1A1 animals made up only 0.67 % of the analysed heifer population. In Hungary, a growing number of dairy farms are using verified A2 homozygous breeding bull semen. The introduction of homozygous A2 sperm on the farm „A” remarkably increased A2 frequency in the heifer population. In total, 324 cows were genotyped on farm „B”, where the A2A2 genotype was observed in 30.55 % of the animals. The second most common genotype was A1A2, with a genotype frequency of 60.19 %, whereas A1A1 homozygotes occurred with a 9.26 % frequency. The growing popularity of A2 milk due to potential health benefits is driving Hungarian stakeholders towards the targeted selection of dairy populations; animal genotyping is an evident approach to facilitate this transition.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107076

Exploring Purchase Decisions in Virtual Reality: A Systematic Review and Future Research Directions

Boglárka Eisingerné Balassa Réka Koteczki

Publication Name: 2023 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cognitive Aspects of Virtual Reality Cvr 2023

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Virtual reality is becoming more widespread around the world and many industries are beginning to recognise its potential. In this paper, we have explored the relevant issues between virtual reality and marketing, based on which we have addressed the topic of virtual reality and retail. The methodology of the present paper is a Systematic Literature Review using the PRISMA model. Based on the SLR, 20 academic articles were found to be relevant to the research topic and are described in the paper. A further objective of the study was to design a future research plan, which was based on the SLR. Based on the research plan, future research will aim to investigate how the decision making process takes place in a 3D virtual shop and how it differs from 2D web shops.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CVR58941.2023.10395641

The Railway as a Sustainable Heritage: Monument Railways in the Service of Sustainability through the Example of the Győr‒Veszprém Railway Line

András Veöreös Csaba Sándor Horváth

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 37-42

Description:

Nowadays, sustainability is a term that has been analysed many times in public life, among the technical and social sciences alike, examined from several sides, but at least often voiced. In the study, in relation to the sustainability of a healthy human life, it is examined how railways and their historic preservation contribute to this. As the basis of the research, it was chosen the only standard-gauge railway line in Hungary that is under monument protection railway line No. 11 between Győr and Veszprém. The research is based on the methodology of historical-architectural research: starting from the history of the railway, it explores its architectural and historical values, discusses the creation and importance of protection, and then tries to draw conclusions about the role of the railway line in sustainability by analysing social phenomena, and finally makes proposals for the role of sustainability regarding its increase. The novelty of the study is that it connects the ways of thinking of specialised fields that previously existed side by side. The purpose of monument protection is the preservation of values, which, according to the 20-th-century way of thinking, primarily serves cultural purposes. The monument protection of some parts of the analysed railway line clearly contributed to the preservation of the infrastructure. As an environmentally friendly and sustainable means of transport, the railway plays a prominent role in the healthy preservation of natural areas. This is proven by the history of the examined railway line.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107007

Rankings: Blind spots in startup ecosystem research

Makai Attila Lajos

Publication Name: Statisztikai Szemle

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 101

Issue: 3

Page Range: 203-231

Description:

The concept of ecosystem is becoming increasingly popular in economic, scientific and policy systems alike, and its use is embedded more and more in everyday practice. It provides a theoretical framework for policy planning documents, business plans and scientific research. This is facilitated by a holistic approach that understands ecosystems not only as resource allocation systems, but also as a complex structure of governance that includes cognitive elements and interactions. In parallel with its rise in popularity, indices and rankings have been developed for measuring and comparing the performance of individual ecosystems, influencing not only the associated discourse but also the decisions of ecosystem actors. Compared to the innovation and the entrepreneurship ecosystem frameworks, the concept of a startup ecosystem is a relatively new category. Related startup ecosystem rankings, emerging in recent years, are meant to provide performance comparability of these ecosystems. These rankings and their underlying variables have not been in the center of academic interest, but the holistic nature of the ecosystem conceptual framework requires a deeper understanding and analysis of the field. As a first step, a structured synthesis of appropriate research questions and future research directions must be ensured. The present paper attempts to do this by describing the specificities of the holistic ecosystem approach and a possible research agenda on startup ecosystem rankings.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.20311/STAT2023.03.HU0203

Portfolio composition and the zero lower bound–evidence from the eurozone countries

Novák Zsuzsanna Tatay Tibor

Publication Name: Statisztikai Szemle

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 101

Issue: 9

Page Range: 793-818

Description:

Between 2008 and 2020 it has been a common practice among main central banks to keep the policy rate at or around zero. Apart from the expected macroeconomic consequences described partly by liquidity trap theories and structural macroeconomic models discussing the effectiveness of economic policy at the zero lower bound (ZLB), moderate interest rates have a notable influence on the portfolio optimising decisions of economic actors as well. The paper thus endeavours to reveal the wealth effect at the ZLB. Firstly, it compares how the various monetary aggregates and sectoral portfolios changed in the USA and in the eurozone between 2000 and 2020 contrasting the empirical facts with the theoretical assumptions and the experience of the Japan’s lost decade. Secondly, it examines the impact of the common monetary policy at the ZLB on the portfolio structure of individual countries of the eurozone. Hierarchical cluster analysis is applied using Eurostat sectoral financial asset statistics for selected years between 2005 and 2019. After choosing the best asset-to-GDP variables of sectoral financial asset holdings, countries are separated in different clusters based on Squared Euclidean distance and variables are standardised to z-scores. The analysis revealed that low interest rates cause significant portfolio rearrangements in the eurozone as a whole. Moreover, there is much greater diversity between individual member states originally than the way monetary policy influenced differences in the portfolio composition of economic sectors, even some convergence between core and periphery countries is observable.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.20311/stat2023.09.hu0793

Sustainable levee construction along the Danube River

Edina Koch M. Marchi Richard P. Ray L. Tonni

Publication Name: Proceedings of the International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 399-408

Description:

Nowadays' changing weather conditions and the resulting increasing flood levels make flood protection improvement essential. In Hungary, in the Szigetköz floodplain area, a complex water resources management unit of the Upper part of the Danube River, the rehabilitation of the water levels, and the setting back of the settled low and middle water levels had become necessary. It has been achieved by relocating the estuary of the Mosoni-Danube River and constructing a complex water control structure. A new ~1.5 km long levee connects to the structure. Due to a large volume of fine-grained blanket material on the site, the possibility arose to build a section of the levee using the blanket material without applying a cut-off wall to prevent water flow through the levee. The geotechnical parameters of the available local material were based on a complex site investigation program. According to the results of the field and laboratory tests, the blanket layer was suitable as fill material and could be compacted to the required 90% degree of compaction using standard machinery and procedures. Plaxis 2D software using fully coupled flow-deformation analysis, imitating the previously registered flood waves, modeled seepage and stability behaviour to evaluate the ultimate limit states of the levee constructed from the blanket material. The analysis proved the adequacy of the blanket material, avoiding the necessity for a barrier within the embankment. The use of local blanket material as fill eliminated the need to excavate and transport additional material, reducing environmental impact, shortening construction time, and saving costs on the project.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.53243/ICEG2023-396