Marcell Kupi
57225209422
Publications - 15
DECIPHERING THE CRYPTOCURRENCY IMPACT ON TOURISM DYNAMICS: LEGAL INSIGHTS FROM SPAIN, FRANCE, CROATIA, AND THE NETHERLANDS
Publication Name: Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 58
Issue: 1
Page Range: 422-432
Description:
The research delves into the nexus between cryptocurrencies and touristic activity, with a special focus on the facet of legal regulations. The study's objective is to fathom how cryptocurrencies influence the tourism sector, how legal standards bear on transactions involving cryptocurrencies within the tourism industry, and to what extent they render the adoption of cryptocurrencies in tourism feasible. The principal aim is to unravel the interconnection between the employment of cryptocurrencies in tourist services and its concurrent legal governance in four handpicked countries: Spain, France, Croatia, the Netherlands The investigation encompasses, on the one hand, the exploration of legal case studies and, on the other, the evaluation of hypotheses using clustering neural networks to dissect the interrelation between cryptocurrencies and tourism. Clustering was achieved through SOM and PCA methodologies, which, in unison, proffer profound insights into the data's architecture and interconnectedness. The data was collected by scraping with an API key, allowing us to examine all cryptocurrency acceptance points by category in each country. During this process, we employed a big data setup. The research underscores that blockchain technologies, including but not limited to Ethereum's advancements that extend beyond just Bitcoin, are steadily gaining a more influential role in tourism. Furthermore, legal guidelines, especially within the EU, have a significant influence on transactions and operations associated with these digital assets. This becomes paramount as, in the scrutinised region, the count of cryptocurrency and blockchain acceptance venues correlates with the vigour of tourism. Blockchain technologies, which transcend just the realm of Bitcoin and encompass advances like Ethereum, are progressively playing a pivotal role in tourism sector. Legal regulations emerge as a cardinal determinant in the governance of blockchain and cryptocurrency-related transactions and operations. The interplay between tourism and these technologies calls for further investigation, especially against the backdrop of a mutable legal environment. However, a conclusion can be drawn regarding its multiplicative impact on the economic pulse of the tourism sector.
Open Access: Yes
DIGITALIZATION AND TOURISM: HOW X, Y, AND Z GENERATIONS MAKE TRAVEL DECISIONS IN THE ONLINE ERA
Publication Name: Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 60
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 1302-1314
Description:
This study aims to explore the impact of digitalisation on the travel decision-making process of Generation X, Y, and Z, as well as to identify generational differences in tourism consumer behaviour. The research places particular emphasis on the role of information sources and variations in decision-making preferences. The study employs a quantitative research approach, analysing the travel decision-making habits of different generations through survey-based data collection. A literature review was conducted to examine intergenerational differences and the relationship between digitalisation and travel-related decision-making. Results and discussions: The findings indicate that digitalisation influences travel decisions across all generations, albeit in different ways. Trust and personal recommendations play a crucial role for Generation X, whereas Generation Y relies more heavily on online reviews. In the case of Generation Z, social media and digital channels have a decisive influence. The study also highlights that price remains a key factor for all generations; however, expectations regarding quality and information-seeking behaviours differ. Generation Y and Z exhibit a higher demand for visual content and real-time information, while Generation X tends to value reliability and detailed planning. Furthermore, the results show a clear trend toward mobile-first decision-making among younger users, especially within Generation Z. The study's findings contribute to the development of tourism marketing strategies by enabling the more effective application of generation-specific communication tools. Based on the results, recommendations can be made for tourism service providers regarding the optimisation of their digital presence and customer communication. The insights gained can also support designing personalised digital campaigns, enhance customer engagement, and foster loyalty among different generational segments in the evolving digital tourism landscape.
Open Access: Yes
Analysis of Digital Tourist's Purchasing Decision Process Based on Feedback and Opinions
Publication Name: Decision Making Applications in Management and Engineering
Publication Date: 2024-04-01
Volume: 7
Issue: 1
Page Range: 270-289
Description:
Today, tourism and digitalisation are very much intertwined. The phenomenon of tourism in the digital space - digital tourism - emerged with the birth of the internet and has grown in intensity over the years. The evolution of digitalisation has brought about a paradigm shift that has not only led consumers to adopt information and communication technologies, but has also greatly transformed consumer behaviour, preferences and motivations. Indeed, the development of technology has disrupted the traditional booking trends of tourists, their attitudes towards tourism and the social groups of tourists by providing dynamic online communication channels. Digital tourism users - digital tourists - are increasingly aware of the information and communication technologies, services and tools available to them, and are able to shape the market offer tailored to their needs through their actions and the data they provide. One of the most effective means of doing this is to share feedback and opinions online. In our research, I provide secondary information to support the importance of feedback and opinions, clarify its role in digital tourism, and then investigate the phenomenon of electronic-world-of-mouth through a questionnaire survey and decision tree analysis, and highlight the insights and implications of eWOM for digital tourists' behaviour in the online space based on opinions.
Open Access: Yes
Motivation and organisational culture from the perspective of SME employees – a case study at the time of COVID-19 pandemic
Publication Name: International Journal of Services Economics and Management
Publication Date: 2024-01-15
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page Range: 34-50
Description:
The aim of the research is to investigate the relationship between motivation and organisational culture from the viewpont of employees working at SMEs in Slovakia. The study examines all of this during the COVID-19 period, which took a heavy toll on individuals’ social and organisational relationships as well. To investigate this, first the overlaps between the two areas were indentified. When exploring the theoretical part, the authors faced with the problem that the influence of motivation and organisational culture was usually examined together, and not on each other. A questionnaire survey was conducted, to which 581 valuable responses were received. Based on the results, it was proven that the wider the range of motivation tools used, the more positive the employees evaluate the organisational culture. All of this is worth considering for companies that would like to build a suitable organisational culture in their company.
Open Access: Yes
Online content analysis between bike related attributes and review content in case of Budapest
Publication Name: Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Development
Publication Date: 2024-01-01
Volume: 8
Issue: 9
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Active tourism, in our case bicycle tourism has been a proof of health benefits as well as responsible, sustainable way of transport. As tourist move around to see sights as well as gather experiences, this is a way to be efficient and green effective. This study aims to investigate bicycle tourism in cities, especially focusing on decision making as a bicycle tourist, when it comes to online bookings system, focusing on choosing a hotel. Method: we have used the several methods to analyze the reviews and ratings of hotels on Booking and TripAdvisor. We used hotels from Budapest only, focusing on bicycle tourism within the city. We investigated if there was any demand for bike related services when it comes to booking online. Our results show that there is significant relationship between choosing a hotel and the relevance of bike related services of the accommodation; however, it might not be the primarily decision making, and also following our hypothesis, online travel agents do not offer full package for bikers.
Open Access: Yes
Investigation of the relationship between cryptocurrency acceptance points and tourism in EU regions
Publication Name: Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Development
Publication Date: 2024-01-01
Volume: 8
Issue: 8
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
This study examined the role of cryptocurrencies in tourism and their acceptance across EU regions, with particular attention to the digital transformation precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis focuses on the relationship between cryptocurrency acceptance points and the intensity of tourism, highlighting that the acceptance of cryptocurrencies is significantly correlated with tourism services. The literature review highlighted that Web 3.0, especially blockchain technology and decentralized applications, opens new possibilities in tourism, including secure and transparent transactions, and more personalized travel experiences. The research investigated cryptocurrency acceptance points and the intensity of tourism within the EU. The study illuminates that the acceptance of cryptocurrencies significantly correlates with tourism services. The data and methodology demonstrated the analysis methods for examining the relationship between cryptocurrency acceptance points and tourism intensity, including the use of clustering neural networks and Eurostat data utilization. The results showed a positive correlation between the number of cryptocurrency acceptance points and tourism intensity in the EU, affirming the research hypothesis. According to the regression analysis results, each additional cryptocurrency acceptance point is associated with an increase in tourism intensity. The significance of the research lies in highlighting the growing role of digital payment solutions, especially cryptocurrencies, in tourism, and their potential impacts on the EU economy. The analysis supports that the intertwining of tourism and digital financial technologies opens new opportunities in the sector for both providers and tourists.
Open Access: Yes
Determining factors for tourist arrivals in Hungary
Publication Name: Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Development
Publication Date: 2024-01-01
Volume: 8
Issue: 8
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
This methodologically focused study examines the relationships between inflation and unemployment rates, political stability, and tourism, with particular emphasis on the impacts on tourist arrivals in Hungary. The research aims to uncover the direct and indirect influences of these macroeconomic indicators on the volume of tourism, specifically international tourist arrivals. The significance of the study lies in the clear correlation between economic stability and labor market conditions with tourism volume, where rising inflation and unemployment rates negatively correlate with the number of tourist arrivals. This relationship is further strengthened by the observation that improvements in political stability enhance tourist numbers over the long term, while political instability, such as conflicts and terrorist acts, negatively affects tourism demand. These correlations are crucial for aligning tourism policy with economic policy, as macroeconomic indicators and the political environment directly influence both domestic and foreign tourists’ willingness to travel. The research methodology focuses on forecasting using Random Forest and neural networks, which enables more accurate predictions of tourism volume and supports informed tourism policy-making. The findings indicate that the development of the tourism sector is closely linked to economic growth and underscore the necessity of boosting tourism to expand employment and maintain economic stability.
Open Access: Yes
Digital services of tourist areas—Key to competitiveness
Publication Name: Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Development
Publication Date: 2024-01-01
Volume: 8
Issue: 6
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
In our study, we examined 11 designated tourist destinations in Hungary, which can also be interpreted as tourism products including services, infrastructure and attractions. The National Tourism Development Strategy (NTS) also puts a strong emphasis on digitalisation, as it is an unstoppable process with a significant impact on tourism, thanks to globalisation, increasing competition, accelerating information flows and the dominant paradigm shifts on the demand and supply side. We used both qualitative and quantitative methods in our primary research. First, we conducted in-depth interviews with several important tourism service providers in Hungary on the topic of the digitalisation of tourism. A professional questionnaire, addressed to the offices responsible for destination management was distributed in the designated tourist destinations in Hungary in order to get a more comprehensive picture of the attitudes towards digitalisation in the regions under study. In the course of our work, we managed to classify the destinations into three distinctly different clusters. Our hypothesis—that the higher the digitalisation of a tourist destination is, the higher the average length of stay—was partially confirmed by calculating the regional value of the digitalisation, logistic regression analysis, slope and the individual factor categories.
Open Access: Yes
TASTING TRADITIONS: THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS AND GASTRONOMIC KNOWLEDGE IN GYŐR-MOSON-SOPRON COUNTY, IN HUNGARY
Publication Name: Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites
Publication Date: 2024-01-01
Volume: 56
Issue: 4
Page Range: 1708-1717
Description:
The most important objective of this study is to explore people's attitudes regarding the values of gastronomy in Győr-Moson-Sopron County. Data collection took place between September 1, 2023, and November 30, 2023 (N=784). The sample is not representative, the respondents were selected arbitrarily and randomly. The survey data was processed using JMP Pro17 Statistical software and Google forms were shared on social media platforms. The most important result of the primary research is that the study revealed the personal preferences and attitudes of respondents that influence the frequency of attendance at gastronomic events. To this end, we wanted to conduct a cluster analysis. Secondary research shows that the preservation and transmission of gastronomic culture is a key task in all historical periods. In this context, it becomes justified to examine our sample with a view to preserving cultural heritage and identity and to explore how the individuals in our sample relate to the gastronomic traditions of their region, which may influence their choices and the preservation of traditions that are part of their identity. The preservation of cultural heritage and contributions to it hold a significant role in gastronomic tourism. The implications of the results of the empirical research go beyond the borders of Győr-Moson-Sopron county and highlight the relationship between gastrotourism and local traditions.
Open Access: Yes
New Organizational Environment Types Based on Garvin and Quinn – the Case of Slovakian Small and Medium Enterprises
Publication Name: TEM Journal
Publication Date: 2023-05-01
Volume: 12
Issue: 2
Page Range: 691-699
Description:
The aim of the study was to examine what common characteristics can be observed in companies based on Garvin’s learning organization and the Quinn’s organizational culture. Both of the trends are considered a fundamental factor of modern management. Studying the international scientific literature, it is clear that examining the overlaps between the two approaches is highly incomplete. The issue was approached from the perspective of employees, as they show high willingness to express their opinion. A questionnaire survey was used as a part of our research. 549 responses were included in the analysis, during which we applied a cluster analysis. Based on the results, three different types of organizational environment can be defined: supporting, neutral and distancing.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.18421/TEM122-12
GUESTS’ SATISFACTION IN GYŐR-MOSON-SOPRON COUNTY, IN HUNGARY
Publication Name: Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites
Publication Date: 2023-01-01
Volume: 50
Issue: 4
Page Range: 1253-1259
Description:
The primary goal of the study is to explore the satisfaction of Hungarian people with food delivery services, which gained popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the post-pandemic period. The publication's main research questions are: to what extent are customers satisfied with the speed of food delivery and the temperature of the delivered meals? The empirical research also analyses whether the speed of delivery influences the customers' attitudes towards their connection with the catering establishments. The survey was carried out between April 10, 2022, and June 30, 2022. The sample is non-representative (N=452), with respondents being selected arbitrarily in Győr-Moson-Sopron County. Data were processed using the IBM SPSS 25.0 statistical software package. During the primary research the authors examined the current food ordering habits of the participants using statistical (descriptive, correlational) analyses. The aim of this study is to identify and evaluate the key factors that influence customer satisfaction and decision-making in the food delivery industry, providing actionable insights for service providers. The topic of the present study is the examination of the customer satisfaction and decision-making of the Hungarian population focusing on the food delivery industry. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to establish a theoretical framework and formulate hypotheses. A survey-based methodology was employed to collect data from consumers and the collected data were analysed using statistical techniques to test the formulated hypotheses and determine the relationships between the identified factors and customer satisfaction. Results and discussions: presentation and analysis of the obtained results. The study concludes that delivery speed, food temperature, price-value ratio, quality, variety and online presence are crucial factors in the customer satisfaction and decision-making in the food delivery industry. Addressing these aspects can help service providers enhance their competitiveness and improve the overall customer experience.
Open Access: Yes
Impact of the COVID-19 on the destination choices of hungarian tourists: A comparative analysis
Publication Name: Sustainability Switzerland
Publication Date: 2021-12-01
Volume: 13
Issue: 24
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) has transformed the tourism sector to an unprecedented extent, creating new challenges and new development paths. Although the recovery of tourism is fraught with uncertainties, the changes in tourists’ travel habits offer a unique opportunity for tourism to recover in a way that respects the principles of sustainable development. Several international studies suggest that the pandemic has significantly transformed tourists’ travel habits and destination choices, making them more environmentally conscious and shifting their preferences towards inland destinations close to nature. To test these claims, we examined tourists’ destination choices and the factors influencing them in a sample of 500 respondents in Hungary before the pandemic and after the restrictions on travel, businesses, gatherings, and mask requirements were lifted in the summer of 2021. Our results show that there was no significant change in the destination choices of the tourists surveyed. The main influences were the aspects of safety and comfort; the consideration of environmental concerns, despite our assumptions, did not play a significant role.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3390/su132413785
Examining cross‐border cultural tourism as an indicator of territorial integration across the slovak–hungarian border
Publication Name: Sustainability Switzerland
Publication Date: 2021-07-01
Volume: 13
Issue: 13
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
There are numerous examples of cross‐border regions in Europe, which are regions not properly demarcated by national borders. One of the main driving forces of the European Union is to turn the dividing borders into connecting borders by strengthening the cohesion between states and regions, thus, encouraging regions to remedy the existing ethnic and cultural fragmentation by increasing the intensity and number of cross‐border contacts. Our research focuses on proving that, in symbolic places, such as the cross‐border area of Komárom and Komárno, the cultural values, monuments, and heritage sites are the strongest attraction factors for nationality‐based cultural tourism. To support our hypothesis, we conducted an empirical survey within the framework of the H2020 SPOT (Social and Innovative Platform on Cultural Tourism and its potential towards deepening Europeanisation) in the cross‐border region of Komárom and Komárno. The evaluation con-centrated on four aspects of cultural tourism: the nature of cultural tourism in the area, the resident and visitor perceptions of the cultural tourism offerings, opportunities to increase cross‐border col-laboration, and options to improve the cultural tourism offerings of the area. Our results show that, although there is a great potential in the cross‐border tourist destination of Komárom–Komárno, the integration of the (once united) two towns is advancing very slowly, which can be witnessed in the weaknesses of tourism integration as well.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3390/su13137225
THE ROLE OF TOURISM MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN NATURE RESERVES IN HUNGARY
Publication Name: Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites
Publication Date: 2023-01-01
Volume: 49
Issue: 3
Page Range: 893-900
Description:
The aim of the research is to reveal the opinion of regional professionals involved in the management of sustainable tourism and its three pillars. Through the results of 27 in-depth interviews with decision-makers and NGOs, we have explored the perceptions of the economic, environmental and social factors, both positive and negative, and the importance of each factor. The analysis of the results clearly shows a difference of opinion between decision-makers and NGOs. The negative impacts of tourism were highlighted by respondents, mainly in terms of the impact on the natural and economic environment, however, the positive impacts were more prominent. The research showed that the impacts on social environment were perceived more positively by respondents, and NGOs did not emphasise negative impacts in this category. The study shows that the role of tourism management in nature conservation areas is necessary and important for sustainable tourism development. The research clearly demonstrates that sustainability is an important issue in tourism. The results of the research also show that decision-makers are not familiar with the concept of sustainability, its precise content and their preparation and knowledge are insufficient to make the right decisions on the subject. The research shows that there is a shortage of professionals with expertise in tourism management, which makes it difficult to implement coordinated tourism development in the area under study.
Open Access: Yes
THE IMPACT OF AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED FORECASTING MODEL ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
Publication Name: Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 61
Issue: 3
Page Range: 1758-1766
Description:
This research investigates the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and Web 3.0 technologies in promoting sustainable urban tourism, with a particular focus on demand forecasting and environmental impact assessment. The study presents a two-layered AI-based model aimed at supporting data-driven decision-making in destination management, addressing the need for forward-looking strategies that align with both operational and sustainability goals. The research applies the Facebook Prophet algorithm to forecast monthly tourism demand in two Hungarian cities—Budapest and Győr—selected for their contrasting tourism profiles. Forecast outputs were then integrated into a sustainability impact module estimating carbon dioxide emissions, water consumption, and waste generation, based on empirically defined conversion factors. Results indicated strong seasonal peaks in Budapest, with over 1.3 million overnight stays projected for August 2026, and corresponding environmental impacts surpassing 62,000 tons of CO₂. In contrast, Győr exhibited more moderate fluctuations and lower error margins, reflecting a more stable tourism pattern. Forecast accuracy was assessed using MAE, RMSE, and MAPE metrics, showing acceptable performance for strategic use, although with reduced reliability in low-demand periods. The sustainability module effectively highlighted peak periods of ecological burden, enabling targeted interventions such as infrastructure scaling, service optimization, and seasonal policy adjustments. In addition to its forecasting functionality, the model offers practical guidance for municipalities by identifying where and when ecological pressure is likely to arise. The dual-model framework offers a scalable and replicable approach for cities seeking to balance tourism growth with environmental and community well-being. By integrating predictive analytics with sustainability assessment, the model provides valuable insights into the timing and magnitude of tourism’s impact. This supports smarter capacity planning, emission reduction strategies, and the alignment of visitor flows with local resilience thresholds. The findings contribute to the evolving discourse on smart and sustainable tourism in the Web 3.0 era, positioning AI as a critical enabler of holistic and proactive destination manageme nt.
Open Access: Yes
