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Found 6674 publications

DDOS Attack Mitigation Based on FPGA Implementation

Sandor R. Repas Ahmed Jamal Ibrahim Ahmed Jamal Ibrahim

Publication Name: International Conference on Electrical Computer and Energy Technologies Icecet 2024

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

With the widespread use of computer networks daily, network security has become a significant problem in the new technology era. Due to the quick growth of the World Wide Web, it is becoming more challenging for researchers to find new methods to prevent attackers from reaching their targets. The spread of malicious cyber network activity poses a significant risk to numerous organizations and inflicts substantial economic consequences on society. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is a cyberattack technique that disrupts the regular traffic of the target server or system by flooding it with an abnormal flow of internet traffic from different sources. The current article explores the advantages of FPGA-based devices in network security to mitigate the effects of DDoS attacks.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/ICECET61485.2024.10698517

A Big Data Approach to Improve Productivity and Sustainability in the Clothing Manufacturing Industry: Case Study from Bangladesh

László Buics Md Abdullah Al Mamun

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 107

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 445-450

Description:

The goal of this article is to examine opportunities and show the approach of using big data analytics to boost productivity in the case of clothing manufacturing factories in a sustainable way. The Bangladeshi manufacturing industry is mainly dominated by the apparel and textile sector for a long time now, and this has seen a large growth over the years. However, this industry is still far from using the latest technologies to improve productivity even further and bring sustainability. Usually, manufacturing operations involve the generation of a large amount of structured or unstructured, useful or non-useful data on a daily basis. This huge amount of information is known as big data, which is difficult to handle by using traditional data management and analysis tools. However, with the help of big data analytics used in a proper method, the collected information can be used to track insufficiencies in different areas of manufacturing operations. This research is conducted based on a similar idea where problems are identified, and production data collected from a garments manufacturing plant in Bangladesh are analyzed. Based on real factory data, several hypothetical frameworks were developed to implement and analyse the production data with the help of big data analytics, computerized sewing machines, radio frequency identification (RFID) tags and passive infrared sensors. The paper also shows an estimated implementation cost and return on investment of the suggested approach.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET23107075

Investigation of Convective and Radiative Heat Transfer of 21700 Lithium-Ion Battery Cells

Szabolcs Fischer Gábor Kovács Szabolcs Kocsis Szurke

Publication Name: Batteries

Publication Date: 2025-07-01

Volume: 11

Issue: 7

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Due to their high energy density and power potential, 21700 lithium-ion battery cells are a widely used technology in hybrid and electric vehicles. Efficient thermal management is essential for maximizing the performance and capacity of Li-ion cells in both low- and high-temperature operating conditions. Optimizing thermal management systems remains critical, particularly for long-range and weight-sensitive applications. In these contexts, passive heat dissipation emerges as an ideal solution, offering effective thermal regulation with minimal additional system weight. This study aims to deepen the understanding of passive heat dissipation in 21700 battery cells and optimize their performance. Special emphasis is placed on analyzing heat transfer and the relative contributions of convective and radiative mechanisms under varying temperature and discharge conditions. Laboratory experiments were conducted under controlled environmental conditions at various discharge rates, ranging from 0.5×C to 5×C. A 3D-printed polymer casing was applied to the cell to enhance thermal dissipation, designed specifically to increase radiative heat transfer while minimizing system weight and reliance on active cooling solutions. Additionally, a numerical model was developed and optimized using experimental data. This model simulates convective and radiative heat transfer mechanisms with minimal computational demand. The optimized numerical model is intended to facilitate further investigation of the cell envelope strategy at the module and battery pack levels in future studies.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/batteries11070246

The Impact of Rainwater Quality Harvested from Asbestos Cement Roofs on Leaf Temperature in Solanum lycopersicum as a Plant Water Stress Indicator

Gergely Zoltán Macher

Publication Name: Water Switzerland

Publication Date: 2025-07-01

Volume: 17

Issue: 14

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Rainwater harvesting (abbreviation: RWH) presents a valuable alternative water source for agriculture, particularly in regions facing water scarcity. However, contaminants leaching from roofing materials, such as asbestos cement (abbreviation: AC), may compromise water quality and affect plant physiological responses. This paper aimed to assess how simulated rainwater, reflecting the different levels of contamination (1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 mg/L), influences leaf temperature in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum), a known non-invasive indicator of plant water stress. The treatments were applied over a four-week period under controlled greenhouse conditions. Leaf temperature was monitored using infrared thermography. Results showed that higher treatment concentrations led to a significant increase in leaf temperature, indicating elevated water stress. These findings suggest that even low levels of contaminants originating from roofing materials can induce detectable physiological stress in plants. Monitoring leaf temperature offers a rapid and non-destructive method for assessing environmental water quality impacts on crops. The outcomes of this research have direct applicability in the safer design of RWH systems and in evaluating the suitability of collected rainwater for irrigation use.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/w17142070

Performance of Low-Cost Air Temperature Sensors and Applied Calibration Techniques—A Systematic Review

István Mihály Kulmány László Bede Sándor Zsebő Dávid Stencinger Zainulabdeen Khalaf Hashim Bálint Horváth Jabir Ali Abdinoor Gergő Hegedüs Ali Ijaz Zainulabdeen Khalaf Hashim

Publication Name: Atmosphere

Publication Date: 2025-07-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 7

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Low-cost air temperature sensors are an emerging theme in environmental monitoring. These sensors offer the advantage of making microclimate monitoring feasible due to their affordability. However, they are limited by the quality of the data they provide; in many cases, they have been reported to have presented errors in the sensor readings. These errors have been shown to improve after calibration was applied. The lack of a comprehensive understanding of the available calibration techniques, models, and sensor types has led to studies presenting heterogeneity in models and techniques alongside different performance metrics. To address this gap, this study conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines, reviewing studies from 2015 to 2024 across the databases Web of Science and Scopus, alongside the search engine Google Scholar. The aim was to identify the calibration techniques and models, the commercially available low-cost air temperature sensors used, the performance metrics utilised, and the calibration settings. The findings presented three main categories of calibration models utilised in the collected studies: linear, polynomial, and machine learning. Twenty-two commercially available low-cost sensors were identified, with the DHT22 sensor being the most utilised. Indoor settings were identified as the most preferred for conducting calibrations. Key challenges included limitations in reported results for calibration by the studies, the use of different performance metrics across studies, insufficient studies conducting calibration, and the diversity in sensor types utilised.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/atmos16070842

The Evolution of Digitalization Transformation and Industry 4.0 in Supply Chain Management: A Systematic Literature Review †

László Buics Tran Nguyen Ngoc Quynh

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 79

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The digital revolution is rapidly reshaping supply chains, driven by the confluence of Industry 4.0 and digitalization transformations. This research aims to investigate the evolution of the digitalization transformation era by integrating machine learning and big data management into supply chain management (SCM). A systematic literature review and mapping study were conducted, analyzing 223 articles from the Scopus database and 60 from Web of Science, selected through a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) screening process and the Population, Exposure, and Outcome (PEO) framework. This study provides a narrative summary of the evolution of decision-making and consultation processes, recommendation approaches, and guidelines for enterprises to achieve sustainability in their supply chain management. It also identifies potential areas for future research in navigating the world of digitized supply chains.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2024079065

Experimental Investigation on the Erosion Resistance Characteristics of Compressor Impeller Coatings to Water Droplet Impact

Cs Tóth-Nagy István Barabás I. Zsoldos Pavel Novotny Richárd Takács Izolda Popa-Müller Balázs Dobos Miklós Zsolt Tabakov Norbert Kiss

Publication Name: Coatings

Publication Date: 2025-07-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 7

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study presents a comparative analysis of the water droplet erosion resistance of three compressor wheels coated with Ni-P and Si-P layers. The tests were conducted using a custom-developed experimental apparatus in accordance with the ASTM G73-10 standard. The degree of erosion was monitored through continuous precision mass measurements, and structural changes on the surfaces of both the base materials and the coatings were examined using a Zeiss Crossbeam 350 scanning electron microscope (SEM). Hardness values were determined using a Vickers KB 30 hardness tester, while the chemical composition was analysed using a WAS Foundry Master optical emission spectrometer. Significant differences in erosion resistance were observed among the various compressor wheels, which can be attributed to differences in coating hardness values, as well as to the detachment of the Ni-P layer from the base material under continuous erosion. In all cases, water droplet erosion led to a reduction in the isentropic efficiency of the compressor—measured using a hot gas turbocharger testbench—with the extent of efficiency loss depending upon the type of coating applied. Although blade protection technologies for turbocharger compressor impellers used in the automotive industry have been the subject of only a limited number of studies, modern technologies, such as the application of certain alternative fuels and exhaust gas recirculation, have increased water droplet formation, thereby accelerating the erosion rate of the impeller. The aim of this study is to evaluate the resistance of three different coating layers to water droplet erosion through standardized tests conducted using a custom-designed experimental apparatus.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/coatings15070767

COMPARISON OF TRANSFER FUNCTIONS OF OPEN EAR CANAL HEADSETS MEASURED ON A DUMMY-HEAD AND A HUMAN HEAD

György Wersényi

Publication Name: Proceedings of Forum Acusticum

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Headsets that leave the ear canal open are used where environmental noise and acoustical information have to be maintained, while additional sound transmission is also required. Besides classical supra aural and in-ear phones having “hear through” functions, bone conduction and “tube-like” headsets inserted in the ear canal can be used. Usually, the transfer parameters of these devices are inferior to traditional headphones, providing decreased sound quality, sensitivity and speech intelligibility. Two different commercially available bone conduction headphones, an in-ear tube type earphone and supra aural models were tested using a dummy-head and a real human head for comparison. Measured transfer functions show the limited frequency range of open ear canal models that restricts the accessibility of such devices. Variability in repeated measurements is relatively large. Standardization of the measurement procedure for bone conduction headsets is needed, where the inclusion of human subjects can be considered.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

SDG adoption and firm risk: The impact of ESG performance, investor confidence, and agency cost

Muneza Kagzi Sonia Chawla Vishal Dagar Amar Rao Rajat Sharma

Publication Name: International Review of Economics and Finance

Publication Date: 2025-07-01

Volume: 101

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study investigates the nexus between firm-level Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) adoption and firm risk using a unique dataset of National Stock Exchange (NSE) 500 companies from 2019 to 2024. It constructs a novel SDG adoption index to assess this relationship and reveals a noteworthy reduction in firm risk associated with SDG adoption. The results remain robust after a battery of robustness checks, including endogeneity concerns using 2SLS IV and system GMM and sample selection bias through Heckman's two-stage methods. Furthermore, the mechanism test indicates that SDG adoption reduces firm risk by enhancing investor confidence, improving ESG performance, and reducing agency costs. In addition, heterogeneity analyses demonstrate that the impact is more accentuated for enterprises with higher information asymmetry, higher board gender diversity, and non-state ownership. The results carry significant implications for investors, corporations, and policymakers seeking to mitigate risk and foster sustainable practices, particularly within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and emerging markets.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2025.104205