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Found 6374 publications

Comprehensive Efficiency Analysis of Ethanol–Gasoline Blends in Spark Ignition Engines

I. Szabó Gábor Nagy Zaid Tharwat Mursi Anna Wégerer

Publication Name: Eng

Publication Date: 2025-10-01

Volume: 6

Issue: 10

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This paper investigates the effects of using 10% v/v (E10) and 30% v/v (E30) ethanol–gasoline blends on spark ignition (SI) engine fuel consumption, brake-specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, combustion parameters and exhaust gas temperature. The 30% v/v ethanol–gasoline blend was designed not to exceed the octane number (RON and MON) of the regular commercially available reference fuel (E10); therefore, the knock resistance of the reference and research fuel does not differ significantly. The tests were conducted on an AVL internal combustion engine test cell using a four-stroke, four-cylinder, turbocharged SI engine with direct injection and a compression ratio of 12.2:1. The engine was manufactured in 2022, and it is the latest commercially available version currently in production. Engine tests were conducted under stoichiometric conditions (when possible) at loads ranging from 2–20 bar brake mean effective pressure and engine speeds ranging from 1000–6000 rpm, and the fuel consumption, brake-specific fuel consumption, combustion parameters, exhaust gas temperature and brake thermal efficiency were measured using the two different ethanol–gasoline blends. Test results showed that the higher concentration ethanol–gasoline blend—due to its lower density, lower heating value and higher latent heat of vaporization—had increased fuel consumption, brake-specific fuel consumption and decreased brake thermal efficiency, while exhaust gas temperature also decreased (at 2500 rpm 12 bar BMEP, the differences were 11%, 6.6%, −0.78% and −3.7%, respectively). Peak combustion pressures were identical under the same operating conditions, but the peak combustion temperature of E30 was on average 3% lower.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/eng6100256

Turning green into gold: How does green total factor productivity boost economic growth?

Lóránt Dávid Kok Haur Ng Junlin He Wee Yeap Lau Kok Haur Ng

Publication Name: Oeconomia Copernicana

Publication Date: 2025-09-30

Volume: 16

Issue: 3

Page Range: 921-975

Description:

Research background:Balancing economic expansion with environmental sustainability has become a central policy challenge. Green total factor productivity (GTFP) integrates environmental constraints into productivity analysis and is increasingly used as a measure of green growth. However, evidence on how GTFP shapes macro-level economic performance remains limited, with existing research largely confined to a small number of single-country studies. Purpose of the article: This study aims to investigate the causal effect of GTFP on economic growth using a global sample of 150 countries. It further seeks to identify the key transmission mechanisms through which GTFP influences macroeconomic outcomes and examines the moderating role of household savings rates in this relationship. Methods: Using a macro panel dataset for 150 countries from 2014 to 2023, this study first measures GTFP with a machine learning-enhanced three-stage slack-based measure-data envelopment analysis model combined with the global Malmquist productivity index. Subsequently, a double/debiased machine learning (DDML) model is employed to estimate the causal impact of GTFP on economic growth, effectively addressing the challenges of high-dimensional confounders and nonlinearities present in the data. Findings & value added: The results demonstrate a significant and robust positive relationship between GTFP and economic growth. This effect is primarily transmitted through two channels, which are enhancing exports and increasing household consumption. Furthermore, a high household savings rate is found to amplify the positive impact of GTFP on economic growth, validating the ‘Golden Rule’ savings rate proposition. This study contributes to the literature by providing the first large-scale, global evidence on the macroeconomic benefits of improving GTFP. By identifying specific transmission pathways and moderating effects employing DDML techniques for causal inference, this study offers empirical insights for policymakers to design effective green growth policies.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.24136/oc.3808

The Role of Leadership in Attracting Intellectual Migrants and Boosting Innovative Development of Countries

Yuriy Bilan Halyna Mishchuk Olena Oliinyk Marinko Skare

Publication Name: Contemporary Economics

Publication Date: 2025-09-25

Volume: 19

Issue: 3

Page Range: 339-354

Description:

The study aims to study the role of leadership in innovative development, including opportunities arising from the attractiveness of countries for intellectual migrants. The novelty of the research is in justifying the authors’ approach to assessing leadership development at the macroeconomic level and its use for defining the peculiarities of leadership development in the EU and assessing the links with of innovative development and attraction of countries for intellectual migrants. Considering leadership as an important feature of the macroeconomic environment for countries’ development, the correlation analysis was used to test hypotheses about the positive impact of leadership on (a) the attractiveness of countries for intellectual migrants; (b) the innovative development of countries. The resulting pairwise correlation coefficients for the EU show a strong relationship between the level of leadership and a country’s ability to attract (0.776) and retain talent (0.846), attract highly educated workers (0.757) and foreign entrepreneurs (0.780). A positive impact of leadership on innovative development is confirmed by the links with the overall value of the Global Innovation Index (0.825), the Growth of innovative companies (0.768) and the Entrepreneurial employee activity rate (0.599). The obtained findings prove the importance of leadership development as an important driver of talent attraction and the generation of innovative ideas.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.5709/ce.1897-9254.570

Green and Renewable Energy- Related Financial Literacy in Mexico as a Competitive Advantage

Csongor Czipf Absalón J. Salmerón- Zapata José G. Vargas- Hernandez

Publication Name: Reinventing Corporate Strategy for Competitive Advantage

Publication Date: 2025-09-25

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 63-100

Description:

This research evaluates the role of green and renewable energy- fueled financial literacy as a competitive advantage for Mexico during the world transition in energy. Based on a comprehensive review of literature and consideration of current market conditions, this research identifies key intersections between financial literacy and renewable energy growth, including investment decisions, risk assessments, policy comprehension, and technology financing. The research shows that Mexico's renewable energy sector, boasting great natural strengths, is confronted by education and financial literacy problems, which could discourage maximum returns on investments and capital allocation. The research findings conclude that tailored financial liter-acy programs developed specifically for the investment of green energy can make Mexico more competitive, induce private investment, and drive the energy transition simultaneously creating economically sustainable gains.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3373-5428-6.ch004

Coping strategies for financial problems What factors determine financial awareness based on Hungarian data from the OECD 2022 report?

Németh Erzsébet Botond Géza Kálmán Szilárd Malatyinszki

Publication Name: Szociologiai Szemle

Publication Date: 2025-09-24

Volume: 35

Issue: 3

Page Range: 85-109

Description:

The purpose of the study is to reveal the role of demographic factors in the strategies for managing financial problems, based on the data of the OECD’s 2022 financial culture survey in Hungary. The focus of the analysis was age, gender, type of residence, income and differences between regions. The research used multivariate statistical methods such as canonical correlation analysis and Ridge regression to identify relationships between demographic factors and financial behavior. The results showed that region and age are the most significant determining factors in the choice of financial strategies, while education and income have a smaller impact. Budapest residents showed higher financial awareness and more diversified strategies, compared to the more traditional approach of rural residents. Based on the results, it is recommended to develop targeted financial education programs that take into account demographic and regional differences, thereby supporting the increase of financial stability.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.51624/SzocSzemle.18188

New and rare trachyuropodid mites from Paraguay (Acari: Mesostigmata)

Sergey G. Ermilov Jenő Kontschán Rita Ábrahám

Publication Name: Ecologica Montenegrina

Publication Date: 2025-09-19

Volume: 89

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 189-196

Description:

New occurrences of the Origmatrachys gracilis (Hirschmann, 1976), Graecatrachys mesofovea (Hirschmann, 1976), and Arculatatrachys pomberoi Kontschán & Ermilov, 2022 are presented from Paraguay with the description of a new trachyuropodid mite species (Leonardiella aoao sp. nov.). This is the first report of the genus Leonardiella from Paraguay, from South America, and from continental America as well. The new species differs from the congeners in dorsal setation and ring-like, strongly sclerotized structures on the ventral idiosoma.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.89.12

Short-period supply reliability evaluation of a gas pipeline network based on transient operation optimization and support vector regression

Lili Zuo Qian Chen Bohong Wang Kai Yang Jing Yan Petar Sabev Varbanov Ferenc Friedler Xiaokai Xing

Publication Name: Energy

Publication Date: 2025-09-15

Volume: 331

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The gas pipeline network is a critical infrastructure connecting downstream customers and upstream sources, and the gas supply condition of the gas network directly impacts people's lives. In this paper, a novel methodology is proposed to evaluate the short-period supply reliability of a gas pipeline system based on transient operation optimization and support vector regression. Firstly, supply and demand uncertainty characteristics are analyzed, and representative scenarios are selected through the improved Latin Hypercube Sampling method. Secondly, the transient peak-shaving characteristics are studied, and the physical transient peak-shaving operation optimization model is established to evaluate the satisfaction rate of gas customers and the system under representative scenarios. Then the Support Vector Regression model based on the improved Particle Swarm Optimization is established to predict the satisfaction rate of the customer or system under each random scenario, and the probabilities under different satisfaction degrees of the customer and system are given to reflect the supply reliability of a gas network. The proposed integrated methodology is verified by a specific gas pipeline system, and the results show that the maximum and the mean absolute error of the predicted satisfaction rate of the system's demand quantity can be reduced to 0.0070 and 0.0009, and the time consumed for the evaluation process can be reduced by 95 % compared to the traditional pure physical model. The proposed methodology can lay a solid foundation for the grasp of the short-period supply reliability of gas networks.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.136923

First detection of Ehrlichia cf. ewingii in a reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Hungary

Míra Mándoki János Gál Árisz Ziszisz Krisztina Bali Eszter Kaszab Tamás Tóth Márton Hoitsy Gergő Keve Róbert Veprik László Könyves Nóra Takács Sándor Hornok Endre Sós Miklós Marosán

Publication Name: Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

Publication Date: 2025-09-15

Volume: 73

Issue: 3

Page Range: 144-149

Description:

Abstract: This the first report on the presence of Ehrlichia cf. ewingii in a reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Hungary. The animal started to show apathy and loss of appetite and subsequently died shortly after being placed in an enclosure with dense vegetation, following a quarantine period. During the diagnostic necropsy, a large volume of reddish pericardial and thoracic effusion was observed resembling heartwater disease. Ehrlichia cf. ewingii was detected from the thoracic effusion by PCR and sequencing. The selenium content of multiple organs (liver, kidney, heart and skeletal muscles) were measured, but no increase was found. PCR tests for the detection of adenoviruses from the liver, lungs and spleen were negative. The routine bacteriological culture from the liver did not yield specific results either. To establish a causal relationship between the presence of E. cf. ewingii and the animal's death, further investigations are necessary.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/004.2025.01151

APPLICATION OF FUZZY MCDM IN SELECTING ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE INTERIORS

Dragan Pamucar Shankha Shubhra Goswami

Publication Name: Journal of Applied Engineering Science

Publication Date: 2025-09-15

Volume: 23

Issue: 3

Page Range: 504-522

Description:

The growing demand for sustainable solutions in the automotive industry has led to a significant focus on eco-friendly materials for electric vehicle (EV) interiors. This research paper explores the application of Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) in selecting optimal eco-friendly materials for EV interiors. Fuzzy MCDM provides a robust framework to handle the inherent uncertainty and subjectivity in evaluating multiple criteria such as recyclability, durability, strength, comfort, aesthetic appeal, carbon footprint, price, energy requirements, and complexity in manufacturing. By employing a combination of Fuzzy-Entropy and Fuzzy-TOPSIS, this study aims to prioritize materials that offer the best balance of environmental sustainability and performance. Entropy is employed to evaluate the criteria weights, whereas TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is applied to select the ideal sustainable materials for EV interiors and to rate the alternatives. The final result reveals that Polyethylene Terephthalate is the most suitable material alternative for EV interiors, significantly enhancing the sustainability of the automotive industry. In contrast, Bamboo Fiber Composite ranks the lowest among the alternatives, indicating it is the least favorable option in the group. The final outcomes from the fuzzy-entropy-TOPSIS model are also compared to six others solo MCDM models and the ranking stability is also verified through sensitivity analysis.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.5937/jaes0-57423