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Investigation of the Radar Cross-Section and its Optimization Potential for ADAS Tests

Leticia Pekk Robert Magai Norbert Simon Balazs Molnar

Publication Name: Engineering Technology and Applied Science Research

Publication Date: 2025-02-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 1

Page Range: 20493-20499

Description:

The objective of this study is to examine the Radar Cross Section (RCS) of instruments designed for Autonomous Driving Systems (ADAS) testing, with the intention of comparing the results to those of actual human subjects. The RCS values of both dummy and platform objects were documented at varying distances and positions, with the objective of ascertaining the extent to which dummies can serve as substitutes for human values in vehicle radar sensing tests. The findings, substantiated by graphical representations and statistical analyses (e.g., Pearson and Spearman correlation), reveal a moderately strong positive correlation between the RCS and human values, which is statistically significant. The outcomes of the tests demonstrate that the developed instruments can substitute for real human radar cross-section values within the range of 5-15 m. However, as the distance increases, larger deviations are observed. These discrepancies underscore the necessity for a refinement of the dummy design in future ADAS tests, ensuring that distance-sensitive tests accurately reflect real human measurements.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.48084/etasr.9310

Traffic Sign Detection and Quality Assessment Using YOLOv8 in Daytime and Nighttime Conditions

Csaba Koren Ziyad N. Aldoski

Publication Name: Sensors

Publication Date: 2025-02-01

Volume: 25

Issue: 4

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Traffic safety remains a pressing global concern, with traffic signs playing a vital role in regulating and guiding drivers. However, environmental factors like lighting and weather often compromise their visibility, impacting human drivers and autonomous vehicle (AV) systems. This study addresses critical traffic sign detection (TSD) and classification (TSC) gaps by leveraging the YOLOv8 algorithm to evaluate the detection accuracy and sign quality under diverse lighting conditions. The model achieved robust performance metrics across day and night scenarios using the novel ZND dataset, comprising 16,500 labeled images sourced from the GTSRB, GitHub repositories, and real-world own photographs. Complementary retroreflectivity assessments using handheld retroreflectometers revealed correlations between the material properties of the signs and their detection performance, emphasizing the importance of the retroreflective quality, especially under night-time conditions. Additionally, video analysis highlighted the influence of sharpness, brightness, and contrast on detection rates. Human evaluations further provided insights into subjective perceptions of visibility and their relationship with algorithmic detection, underscoring areas for potential improvement. The findings emphasize the need for using various assessment methods, advanced algorithms, enhanced sign materials, and regular maintenance to improve detection reliability and road safety. This research bridges the theoretical and practical aspects of TSD, offering recommendations that could advance AV systems and inform future traffic sign design and evaluation standards.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/s25041027

Contribution to knowledge of the oribatid mite genus Dimidiogalumna (Acari, Oribatida, Galumnidae)

Sergey G. Ermilov Jenő Kontschán

Publication Name: Systematic and Applied Acarology

Publication Date: 2025-02-01

Volume: 30

Issue: 2

Page Range: 372-380

Description:

Dimidiogalumna (Oribatida, Galumnidae) currently comprises seven species collectively distributed in the Paleotropical and southern Palaearctic regions. We describe a new species—D. dhatywalalensis sp. nov.—based on adults collected from litter in a bamboo forest in Western Ethiopia. The new species differs from all known species of the genus by the presence of a specific tuberculate sculpturing in the anterolateral part of the pteromorph. An identification key and summary of distribution and habitats of the known species of Dimidiogalumna are provided.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.11158/saa.30.2.13

Shear buckling behaviour of beams with partial-depth stiffeners at the support

G. Hajdú Hartmut Pasternak

Publication Name: Thin Walled Structures

Publication Date: 2025-02-01

Volume: 207

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This paper presents the findings from experimental tests and numerical simulations on plate girders with various end post configurations. While EN 1993-1-5:2024 provides design rules for both rigid and non-rigid end posts, it does not address the shear resistance of partially stiffened webs. The use of partial-depth stiffeners faces risks due to the lack of thorough investigation into their mechanical behaviour. To explore this issue, small numbered experimental tests and large numbered parametric studies on beams with different web slenderness were conducted using advanced numerical simulations. The results indicated that the shear buckling capacity of girders is lower than the design recommendation when the web stiffener height is <50 % of the web height. For girders with full-height stiffeners, EN 1993-1-5:2024 yields safe results. The accuracy of the EN 1993-1-5:2024 design rule for partially stiffened beams was also evaluated and new and shear buckling design curves were proposed for girders with partial-depth stiffeners.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2024.112622

Impact of technological advancement and greener energy on sustainable agriculture in Asia: Evidence from selected Asian countries

Gagan Deep Sharma Ritika Chopra Amar Rao Umer Shahzad Muhammad Ibrahim Shah

Publication Name: Sustainable Development

Publication Date: 2025-02-01

Volume: 33

Issue: 1

Page Range: 221-237

Description:

Regardless of major advancements in food production, Asia continues to confront severe food security challenges. Sustainable agriculture presents entirely new prospects by prioritizing the productive worth of human, social, and natural capital—all of which are abundant in Asian nations or can be replenished at a relatively low financial expense. This paper sets out to explore the role of technological innovation, renewable energy use, financial development, globalization, and institutional quality on the environmental sustainability of agriculture, measured by the greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector for top 10 agricultural economies of Asia from 1990 to 2019. To attain the above objective, we employ a variety of econometric models capable of accounting for cross-sectional dependence, including the CS-ARDL model and the Dumitrescu-Hurlin Panel Granger Causality tests. The result indicates that technological innovation as well as the use of renewable energy can reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector and thus contribute towards enhancing environmental performance of this sector in short and long run. Although globalization result is revealed to be positive, it turns out to be insignificant in both short and long run. Financial development exerts positive and significant effects on agricultural emissions while the institutional quality is found to be increasing the agricultural environmental performance. Finally, we provide policy recommendations based on the results of the study.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1002/sd.3106

Experimental Analysis on the Hysteresis Phenomenon in the Range of Subsynchronous Frequency as a Function of Oil Temperature with Regard to Turbochargers

Cs Tóth-Nagy Gusztáv Fekete Márk Pesthy Máté Boros

Publication Name: Lubricants

Publication Date: 2025-02-01

Volume: 13

Issue: 2

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study presents an experimental analysis of a turbocharger with semi-floating ring bearings, focusing on hysteresis in subsynchronous vibrations. Four automotive oils (SAE 0W-20, SAE 0W-30, SAE 5W-30, SAE 5W-40) were tested across six oil inlet temperatures from 20 °C to 120 °C during ramp-up and ramp-down cycles to examine the effects of lubricant viscosity and temperature on rotor dynamics. Hysteresis and bifurcation points were observed at distinct rotational speeds in both directions, with subsynchronous components providing insights into rotor–lubrication interactions. This study applies the concept of hysteresis loop width for turbocharger rotors, highlighting its nonlinear dependence on oil temperature, an unexpected and unexplained phenomenon. Additionally, the results suggest that vibration sensors could provide real-time feedback on oil supply conditions, offering potential enhancements for turbochargers and other rotating machinery.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/lubricants13020060

Flowering Synchronization Using Artificial Light Control for Crossbreeding Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) with Varied Flowering Times

Gergő Somody Zoltán Molnár

Publication Name: Plants

Publication Date: 2025-02-01

Volume: 14

Issue: 4

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), one of the earliest domesticated crops, has diverse applications in textiles, construction, nutrition, and medicine. Breeding advancements, including speed breeding, accelerate genetic improvements in crops by optimizing environmental conditions for reduced generation times. This study employed greenhouse and field experiments to develop a proprietary yellow-stemmed hemp germplasm with a unique stem trait. Initial crossbreeding between the late Eletta Campana (medium green stems) and the early Chamaeleon (yellow stems) demonstrated the recessive monogenic inheritance of the yellow-stem trait and fast and safe stabilization even in the case of parent varieties with different flowering times. Controlled flowering in the case of photoperiod-sensitive genotypes, manual pollination, and successive backcrossing stabilized the yellow-stem trait over six cycles, with 100% trait consistency achieved by the fifth cycle within just 12 months in total. Open-field trials validated greenhouse results, showing strong correlations between visual stem color assessments and visible atmospherically resistant index (VARI) obtained through remote sensing imagery. Cannabinoid analyses indicated significant reductions in tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content while maintaining optimal cannabidiol (CBD) levels. Accumulated growing degree days (GDDs) optimized flowering and maturity, ensuring consistency in phenological traits. This research highlights the utility of speed breeding and chemical analysis to accelerate trait stabilization and improve industrial hemp’s agronomic potential for fiber and CBD production while adhering to regulatory THC limits.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/plants14040594

Uncertainty Quantification in Shear Wave Velocity Predictions: Integrating Explainable Machine Learning and Bayesian Inference

Ayele Chala Richard P. Ray

Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland

Publication Date: 2025-02-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 3

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The accurate prediction of shear wave velocity (Vs) is critical for earthquake engineering applications. However, the prediction is inevitably influenced by geotechnical variability and various sources of uncertainty. This paper investigates the effectiveness of integrating explainable machine learning (ML) model and Bayesian generalized linear model (GLM) to enhance both predictive accuracy and uncertainty quantification in Vs prediction. The study utilizes an Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm coupled with Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAPs) and partial dependency analysis to identify key geotechnical parameters influencing Vs predictions. Additionally, a Bayesian GLM is developed to explicitly account for uncertainties arising from geotechnical variability. The effectiveness and predictive performance of the proposed models were validated through comparison with real case scenarios. The results highlight the unique advantages of each model. The XGBoost model demonstrates good predictive performance, achieving high coefficient of determination ((Formula presented.)), index of agreement (IA), Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) values, and low error values while effectively explaining the impact of input parameters on Vs. In contrast, the Bayesian GLM provides probabilistic predictions with 95% credible intervals, capturing the uncertainty associated with the predictions. The integration of these two approaches creates a comprehensive framework that combines the strengths of high-accuracy ML predictions with the uncertainty quantification of Bayesian inference. This hybrid methodology offers a powerful and interpretable tool for Vs prediction, providing engineers with the confidence to make informed decisions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/app15031409

The Biopsychosocial Health Model Differentiates Long-Term Exercisers From Non-Exercisers: A Cross-Sectional Study

Angéla Somogyi Liza Komáromi Attila Szabo

Publication Name: Health Science Reports

Publication Date: 2025-02-01

Volume: 8

Issue: 2

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Background and Aims: The biopsychosocial (BPS) model considers that health and behavioral outcomes result from the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors. Regular exercise is an essential component of modern-day healthy living. All three factors in the BPS model are related to long-term exercise. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to compare adults exercising regularly for at least 3 years with their non-exercising counterparts on perceived health and stress (antagonistic, biopsychological), life satisfaction (psychological), and perceived income (psychosocial) while controlling for age, gender, and education level. Methods: Participants were 461 Hungarian volunteers (74.83% female) aged 18−73 years. There were 274 regular exercisers and 187 non-exercisers. They completed the study on the Qualtrics research platform. Results: A statistically significant (p < 0.001) multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that long-term exercisers scored lower on perceived stress and higher on perceived health, income, and life satisfaction than non-exercising adults. Consequently, the three factors of the BPS model differentiated the groups. Still, the effect sizes were relatively small. Finally, perceived stress was a statistically significant (p < 0.001) mediator of life satisfaction. Conclusion: These findings support the idea that long-term exercise behavior can be studied via the BPS model and the role of stress in life satisfaction. The results have practical implications for promoting a healthy and satisfactory life targeting multi-level development through exercise based on the BPS model.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.70476