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Found 6374 publications

Anti-Zionism in the show trials in Rákosi era Hungary (1948–1953)

Róbert Győri Szabó

Publication Name: Journal of Modern Jewish Studies

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 24

Issue: 1

Page Range: 24-49

Description:

The Communist regime in Hungary had an ambivalent and contradictory attitude towards Jews, people of Jewish origin, and the Jewish identity during the Rákosi era. While Zionism was tolerated previously, after the Communist takeover, it began to persecute Zionists through (amongst other means) a series of show trials. In these trials, the weight of different accusations (Zionism, anti-Semitism, cosmopolitanism) changed due to various factors, and therefore the anti-Jewish/anti-Semitic characteristics of the court proceedings also changed dynamically. This study draws on archival sources and the Hungarian historical literature to present a comprehensive view of this time and these circumstances.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/14725886.2024.2381637

Airflow Resistivity Measurements of Acoustic Poroelastic Materials and their Influencing Factors

Dániel Feszty Balázs Vehovszky Attila Schweighardt

Publication Name: Manufacturing Technology

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 25

Issue: 5

Page Range: 678-688

Description:

In the automotive sector, poroelastic materials (PEMs) are used as trim elements to achieve the desired interior acoustics of a vehicle. This study examines the effect of manufacturing as well as measurement techniques on airflow resistivity. This property plays a key role in the acoustic behavior of PEMs. First, the importance of engineering acoustics and poroelastic materials in vehicle industry is reviewed, followed by the introduction of the most important properties and their measurement techniques. Next, the theory and the measurement techniques used to determine resistivity via direct method are detailed. Then the factors influencing the results and their quantified effects are presented. More than 10 influencing factors are identified and examined, from which the inhomogeneity, resulting from the production technology proved to be the most significant. The results obtained with direct and inverse methods are compared for validation purposes and to determine the achievable accuracy of the inverse method. The average difference between the two methods is 4.54%, which means that the inverse method can provide a good approximation. Finally, conclusions are drawn and suggestions are made for the future.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.075

Tribological Investigation of the Surface Protective Layer-Forming Effect of a Nano-Sized Yttria–Silica Mixture as a Lubricating Oil Additive

Tamás Fodor D. Tóth I. Szabó Márk Marsicki Kálmán Vad Attila Csík

Publication Name: Lubricants

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 13

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Nanoparticles exhibit diverse effects when added as additives to oily medium, enhancing tribological properties and surface characteristics. Studies have shown that many oxide ceramic nanoparticles improve friction and wear, while mixtures also demonstrate favorable tribological properties. This study explores the tribological effect of an yttria–silica (Y2O3, SiO2) nanoparticle mixture in a Group III base oil medium. The results reveal that the yttria–silica mixture significantly reduces friction (−8–17%), mean wear scar diameter (−32%), and wear volume (−94%), while increasing load-bearing capacity (+114%) by creating a durable boundary layer. Observations from scanning electron microscopy revealed the original surface is protected. EDX analyses highlight the boundary layer’s elemental composition, which is high in yttrium, silicon, and oxygen and found in higher areas. XRD analysis could not detect the yttria nanoparticle additive within the boundary layer, suggesting that it fragmented due to sliding stress, resulting in an amorphous structure for the new boundary layer. TEM imaging confirmed that the boundary layer thickness is 40–45 nm. These findings demonstrate significant potential for industrial applications in developing advanced, high-performance lubricants for demanding mechanical systems.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/lubricants13010028

Virtual and Real World Assessment of Pedestrian Confidence in LED Interface

Emese Makó Symbat Zhanguzhinova

Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 1258 LNNS

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 69-76

Description:

The number of road accidents is decreasing slightly in developed countries, mainly due to technological advancements and government actions. However, accidents involving vulnerable users, such as pedestrians, remain high. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are expected to benefit pedestrians, though their interaction with pedestrians raises questions. Common driver behaviors like gestures, eye contact, and flashing lights indicate a willingness to yield, which AVs must replicate. Our research compares two experiments: a virtual reality (VR) pedestrian crossing with an LED display on a virtual AV and a real traffic scenario using the same LED display on an actual car. We investigated how much pedestrians rely on LED communication and whether there are differences between VR and real-world settings. A questionnaire gathered demographic data and trust levels in LEDs. The VR experiment had 51 participants, while the real traffic experiment involved 136 pedestrians. Overall, 82% responded positively to the LED display, with gender and age being insignificant factors. A rapid learning process indicated that explicit communication patterns were self-explanatory. In the VR experiment, 75% moderately trusted the LED display, while 18% fully trusted it. In real traffic, 44% fully trusted the display after familiarization, but skepticism was higher compared to the VR setting.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-81799-1_7

Timing Chain Test Bench Equipped with Hydraulic Chain Force Control †

Cs Tóth-Nagy L. Paulovics László Boros

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 113

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The condition of the lubricating oil is a critical factor for the lifetime of internal combustion engines. The timing chain is a particularly sensitive component to the oil quality, so it can be used as an indicator when the effect of the oil quality and contamination on the engine has to be examined. For this purpose, a unique timing chain test bench was developed at the Department of Propulsion Technology at Széchenyi István University. This paper presents the function of this test equipment and the results of the first tests aimed at comparing the wear of a diesel engine’s timing chain using various soot-contaminated engine oils. A significant difference in wear was detected after 25 h of operation using oils with different soot contents. In the case of oil comparison studies, the chain test bench can be a cheap and fast alternative to engine dynamometer tests.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2025113029

NUTS2 regions of the Visegrad countries during the Covid-19 pandemic and recovery

Lóránt Dávid Arnold Tóth Norbert Gyurián Botond Géza Kálmán Szonja Jenei Szilvia Módosné Szalai Dhruv Pratap Singh

Publication Name: Regional Statistics

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 3

Page Range: 418-438

Description:

The study examines the economic recovery of NUTS2 regions in the Visegrad Group (V4) countries after the Covid-19 pandemic. Using Ferenc Jánossy’s trendline theory, the authors assess recovery by comparing current development levels to pre-crisis trends, not just pre-pandemic levels. The focus is on gross domestic product (GDP) per capita adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP) to gauge recovery duration and influencing factors. It also investigates the changes in peripheral area lags due to the pandemic across these regions. The study finds that numerical values are less relevant due to distortion, but comparisons using consistent methodology reveal regional impacts, opportunities, and effective practices. It highlights significant regional differences: areas with diversified economies and adaptable sectors, like Łódź Voivodeship (Łódzkie) in Poland and the Bratislava Region (Bratislava) in Slovakia, fared better, while tourism and service-dependent regions struggled more. The analysis underscores the importance of sectoral diversity and adaptability in crisis mitigation. Slovakia and Hungary experienced varied impacts due to economic policies and structural characteristics. The Bratislava Region (Bratislava) adapted quickly while Budapest’s dominance grew, increasing rural underdevelopment. Regions reliant on tourism, such as Prague (Praha) and Balaton, saw severe declines, whereas agriculture and industry sectors remained relatively stable. We are also planning the second part of the study, supplemented with 2024 data, using our current experiences.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.15196/RS150302

First step from an arable weed to a honey crop: Breaking seed dormancy of Stachys annua

B. Czúcz G. Pinke A. J. Kovács Zoltán Molnár L. Magyar Éva Dunai Sándor Zsebő Petra Amtmann Judit Fehér

Publication Name: Acta Agrobotanica

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 78

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Stachys annua (L.) L.– a typical annual weed species in stubble fields – was the most important melliferous plant in the Carpathian Basin during the 19th century. The agricultural intensification led to a drastic decline in the species, and previous efforts for its cultivation were unsuccessful due to its unevenly germinating seeds. This study aims to identify an effective method for overcoming the primary seed dormancy of S. annua. In laboratory experiments, we evaluated the effects of moist stratification for 4 weeks (in cold/warm sand) as well as using a gibberellic acid (GA) solution (250 mg/L) on seed germination under two light-temperature regimes (a “constant” regime at 20°C in continuous darkness, and a “fluctuating” regime with 14 h light at 20°C followed by 10 h dark at 10°C). Our results indicate that freshly matured seeds were mostly dormant at maturity. Gibberellic acid has a substantial role in breaking seed dormancy and can help substitute for the cold requirement. The best combination consisted of a GA treatment following a short (4 weeks) warm stratification, which led to a high (98%) germination rate in darkness at 20°C. The results indicate that, under natural circumstances, the seeds of S. annua require a longer period for their primary dormancy to be released. Our findings can establish the basis for the development of a dormancy-breaking technology to achieve uniform germination allowing future cultivation of the plant in bee gardens and arable fields.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.5586/aa/207013

Eurozone inflation in times of crises: an application of cluster analysis

Zsuzsanna Novák Tatay Tibor

Publication Name: Regional Statistics

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 3

Page Range: 579-600

Description:

This study investigates whether homogeneous clusters can be identified among Eurozone countries based on the main HICP (harmonized index of consumer prices) sub-indicators between the first quarter of 2019 and the last quarter of 2023. We use hierarchical cluster analysis to explore how different Eurozone member countries can be grouped according to the different components of the HICP that reflect differences in the main causes of inflation. We point out that the factors discussed in the inflation theory literature that affect different groups of economic agents in different ways can also be interpreted geographically within the Eurozone. Baltic countries tend to follow inflation paths that are different from those of other member states, but outliers also exist among the most advanced economies in the EU. Diverging inflation patterns have much to do with economic convergence, but the dispersion of monthly inflation rates suggests that administrative pricing and policy considerations, particularly energy policy, may be responsible for most of the divergence in inflation and will largely determine the emergence of clusters from 2022 onwards. In light of the results of our study, we conclude that there may be significant differences in the adjustments of individual countries compared to the policy measures that are optimal from the European Central Bank’s perspective.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.15196/RS150308

New species in the alien flora of Hungary

Pinke Gyula Mesterházy Attila Schmidt Dávid Balogh Lajos G. Pinke Süveges Kristóf Takács Attila Wirth Tamás Schmotzer András Vidéki Róbert Rigó Attila Csiky János Király Gergely Csathó András István Kiss Tamás Dela Campos G. Katherine Németh Janka Király Angéla Farkas Sándor Eszik Norina Erika Malatinszky Ákos

Publication Name: Kitaibelia

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 30

Issue: 2

Page Range: 203-232

Description:

In this compilation we present the first occurrences of 22 vascular plant species not previ ously documented from the territory of Hungary. Fifteen of the species are casuals, while seven of them are already naturalised, at least locally. We report the mass appearance and naturalization of Sagina maritima and the emergence of Carduus pycnocephalus along roadsides, single sites of Chaenorhinum litorale and Solanum elaeagnifolium near railway lines, and the localities of Lepidium latifolium and Sisymbrium volgense in various disturbed habitats, and some occurrences of Acalypha virginica in ur ban environments. The first record of Bacopa rotundifolia is from a rice field, while that of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides is from an urban lawn, and Senna tora occurred on construction debris. Among the spe cies that appeared spontaneously as a result of earlier planting, Celastrus orbiculatus forms a natural ized population in a tree plantation, Hygrophila triflora and Pontederia cordata are present in artificial canals and lakes, and Cenchus longisetus has become naturalised and is spreading along the banks of the Danube in Szentendre. Most other species are associated with trampled or heavily disturbed habi tats in built-up areas (pavement edges, fences, ruderal areas). Alnus cordata, Eryobotria japonica, Euon ymus alatus, Paxistima canbyi, Pistacia terebinthus and Solanum pseudocapsicum are present as casuals, while Viola palmata has become naturalised in built-up environments. The naturalisation process of Allium aflatunense on a private property has also been documented.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.17542/kit.30.081