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What Does Hide the Basket of West-Hungarians? – An Analysis of the Basket Composition of Different Households in West Hungary

Boglárka Eisingerné Balassa Tímea Vastag Boglárka Eisinger-Balassa

Publication Name: International Scientific Business Conference Limen Leadership Innovation Management and Economics Integrated Politics of Research

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 2024

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 519-526

Description:

The economic changes of recent years have had a significant impact on household consumer behavior. Following the changes caused by the COVID-19 epidemic, consumers had to face high inflation. These macro-level changes significantly impacted households and made budget planning difficult. This study aims to prepare and validate the methodology aimed at the composition and sustainability analysis of consumer baskets in different regions of Hungary. As a pilot study, the Reference Budget is determined based on focus group discussions with family types specified by the statistical office of the Western Hungary region, which represents the threshold value that households need for subsistence. Using the Hypothetical Household Tool (HhoT), this value compares the after-tax income for each type of household and analyses whether there is overspending in the examined cases. After that, based on the research participants’ answers, sustainability calculations are performed based on the consumer basket’s composition, thus validating that overspending is not sustainable.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.31410/LIMEN.2024.519

Performance Optimization of a Formula Student Racing Car Using the IPG CarMaker, Part 1: Lap Time Convergence and Sensitivity Analysis †

Ambrus Zelei Dominik Takács

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 79

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

It is increasingly common for simulation and AI tools to aid in the vehicle design process. The IPG CarMaker uses a multibody vehicle model and a learning algorithm for the virtual driver. The goal is to discover the behavior of the learning algorithm from the point of view of reliability and convergence. Simulations demonstrate that the lap time converges reliably. We also report that small changes in the vehicle parameters induce small changes in the simulated lap time, i.e., the lap time is a differentiable function of the vehicle parameters. Part 2 of this paper explains the aerodynamics and Drag Reduction System optimization.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2024079086

Potential barriers and drivers in the growth of blue economy: Perspectives of nautical tourism

Maryam Khokhar Md Billal Hossain Faisal Ejaz Zita Júlia Fodor Ali Raza

Publication Name: Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Development

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 8

Issue: 9

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study investigates the potential of developing a maritime tourism project within the blue economy of Pakistan and explores the factors influencing blue growth and maritime tourism. A quantitative research approach has been adopted. The research gathered primary data from diverse experts and stakeholders within the maritime sector and related industries. The study’s target population comprised on various entities involved in these sectors. A sample of around 250 individuals was selected using a convenient sampling technique. The collected data underwent analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. This approach was chosen to explore and understand the intricate relationships between variables in the context of the maritime industry. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) techniques were then employed to scrutinize the data further, allowing for a comprehensive examination of the interconnections among the variables identified in the study. This robust methodological approach enhances the study’s credibility and provides valuable insights into the dynamics of the maritime sector and its associated industries. The findings indicate that a balanced approach, valuing business sustainability, top management support, and enabling innovation structures positively impact blue growth. Additionally, uncertainty avoidance and promoting short-term goals have an appositive impact on the blue economy. Moreover, two potential barriers, Functional strategy, and weak competency, do not significantly affect the blue economy. This study lays the foundation for further exploration and implementation of strategies that promote sustainable growth and development in Pakistan’s blue economy. By integrating the insights gained from this study into policy and decision-making processes, stakeholders can work together to create a vibrant and sustainable maritime tourism sector that benefits both local communities and the environment.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.24294/jipd.v8i9.3173

A Pre-Study of the Relationship Between Machining Technology Parameters and Surface Roughness in the Scope of the Optimal Cost Efficiency of Machining †

László Pálfi Szabolcs Szalai József Beke László Pálfi

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 79

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This research investigates the relationship between machining technology parameters and surface roughness to optimize the cost efficiency of machining processes. In modern manufacturing, particularly in the automotive sector, achieving the desired surface quality while minimizing costs is critical. By evaluating tools from various manufacturers under different combinations of cutting parameters—such as cutting speed, feed, and depth—this study focuses on determining the most effective settings for producing an optimal surface roughness. The experiments highlight that selecting appropriate technological parameters impacts the machining process’s surface finish and economic efficiency. This study provides insights into balancing surface quality requirements with cost constraints, contributing to more efficient and sustainable manufacturing practices.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2024079090

The Holy Trinity of Patents, Biotechnology and Sustainability. Review of Biotech Patents in the Scope of US Patent Case Law

Barna Arnold Keserű Máté Frank

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 985-990

Description:

Patent law plays a crucial role in all three pillars of sustainable development. Economically, patents serve as a highly valuable competitive tool, socially, they promote advancements that benefit public health and nutrition, and environmentally, patents facilitate the development and dissemination of environment-friendly technologies. In recent decades, biotechnology has emerged as one of the most significant patent-intensive industries. This paper examines the evolution of the patentability of biotechnological inventions from the early 1970s to the present day, with a primary focus on the case law of the United States, a predominant actor in this field. The main contributions of this paper are twofold. First, it explores the framework of patentability for biotechnological inventions, particularly focusing on different genomes. Second, the paper considers the potential future of biotechnology, particularly in light of ongoing litigation over CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology. The findings suggest that recent US case law, particularly regarding CRISPR-Cas9, will shape patentability criteria and market access. Over-protection of biotechnology may hinder the fulfillment of sustainable development goals, while the lack of exclusive rights would hold back innovation, which is also harmful to these goals.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114165

Model Reduction Methods

Miklós F. Hatwágner

Publication Name: Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 427

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 45-69

Description:

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps are very useful tools primarily in decision making and management tasks. They represent the main factors, variables of a complex system and the internal causal relationships among them in a straightforward way. Simulations can be started with an initial state, and the future states of the system under investigation can be predicted. This way, what-if questions can be answered. If the model of a system is created by experts they are often tempted to include too many components, because they are not sure in the importance of them. An oversized model is excruciating to use in practice, however. Model reduction methods help to decrease model size but unavoidably cause information loss as well. This effect does not cause a problem in practical decision making applications if the model suggests the same decisions. This chapter covers three FCM model reduction methods, their theoretical background and behavioral properties.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37959-8_5

Deformation Analysis of Different Lithium Battery Designs Using the DIC Technique

Szabolcs Fischer Szabolcs Szalai Szabolcs Kocsis Szurke Mátyás Szabó

Publication Name: Energies

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 17

Issue: 2

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The growing number of electric vehicles and devices drives the demand for lithium-ion batteries. The purpose of the batteries used in electric vehicles and applications is primarily to preserve the cells and extend their lifetime, but they will wear out over time, even under ideal conditions. Most battery system failures are caused by a few cells, but the entire system may have to be scrapped in such cases. To address this issue, the goal is to create a concept that will extend the life of batteries while reducing the industrial and chemical waste generated by batteries. Secondary use can increase battery utilization and extend battery life. However, processing a large number of used battery cells at an industrial level is a significant challenge for both manufacturers and users. The different battery sizes and compositions used by various manufacturers of electric vehicles and electronic devices make it extremely difficult to solve the processing problem at the system level. The purpose of this study is to look into non-destructive battery diagnostic options. During the tests, the condition of the cells is assessed using a new diagnostic technique, 3D surface digitalization, and the fusion of electrical parameters. In the case of surface digitalization, the digital image correlation (DIC) technique was used to estimate the cell state. The tests were conducted on various cells with widely used geometries and encapsulations. These included a lithium polymer (soft casing), 18650 standard sizes (hard casing), and prismatic cells (semi-hard). The study also included testing each battery at various charge states during charging and discharging. The findings help to clarify the changes in battery cell geometry and their localization. The findings can be applied to cell diagnostic applications such as recycling, quality assurance, and vehicle diagnostics.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/en17020323

The Elimination of Illegal Waste in Hungary: New System of Sanctions and the First Results

András Torma Anita Boros Gergely Zoltán Macher

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 907-912

Description:

Illegal dumping is a persistent environmental challenge, with limited comprehensive data collection practices across EU Member States, leading to a lack of comparative databases on this issue. This paper addresses the problem by focusing on illegal dumping in Hungary and examining the development of a digital model for monitoring these activities, along with the characteristics and sanctions related to illegal dumping. By exploring waste management practices in the Visegrad Group Member States, this paper highlights the absence of systematic data collection and presents Hungary as a case example where citizens reported over 22,000 cases of illegal dumping in just six months via the WasteRadar application. The research findings underscore Hungary’s recent reforms, which introduced a nationwide database for tracking illegal dumping and imposed stricter sanctions aimed at mitigating the adverse environmental impacts of such activities. These actions signify important strides in addressing illegal dumping and improving environmental governance. This paper highlights the main characteristics of the reform of the Hungarian regulation, such as the advantages of the introduced method, such as establishing a country-wide database on illegal dumping and introducing significantly stricter sanctions on this activity to reduce the harmful environmental effects.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114152

FEM-Based Analysis of Induction Machine Broken Rotor Bar Detection Using Extended Kalman Filter

György Istenes Krisztian Horvath

Publication Name: 2024 23rd International Symposium on Electrical Apparatus and Technologies Siela 2024 Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This paper presents an extended Kalman filter-based (EKF-based) detection method of broken bars in induction machine (IM). The objective is to detect the change in rotor resistance of a cage induction machine in case of one or more broken bars. To analyze the proposed fault detector, simulations are carried out. In the applied simulation environment, finite element method (FEM) model is used to describe the electric behavior of IM. The broken bars are modelled in the FEM simulations.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/SIELA61056.2024.10637867