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Found 6334 publications

Finite Element Analysis of Microtunneling Under a Railway Track

Edina Koch Zoltán Major Shaymaa Alsamia

Publication Name: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 351-357

Description:

Microtunneling is a trenchless construction method used to install pipelines beneath highways, railroads, runways, harbors, rivers, and environmentally sensitive areas. For railway lines, the primary objective of the method is to address the challenges posed by the installation of utilities without disrupting rail operations. The aim is to minimize the impact on railway services, ensuring the uninterrupted flow of transportation while facilitating essential infrastructure development. Traditional excavation methods often involve significant ground disturbance and pose risks to the stability of the railway track, leading to service interruptions and safety hazards. Microtunneling, on the other hand, offers a non-disruptive alternative by utilizing advanced tunneling equipment that minimizes ground settlement and vibration, reducing the risk of damage to the railway structure. The technique involves the use of remotely controlled boring machines to excavate tunnels with precision, allowing for the installation of pipelines or other utilities with minimal impact on the railway infrastructure above. The aim is to achieve a seamless integration of new underground utilities while maintaining the structural integrity and operational functionality of the railway line. Furthermore, microtunneling under a railway line contributes to sustainable development by minimizing the environmental footprint associated with construction activities. The reduced excavation and disturbance to the surrounding environment lead to lower levels of noise, dust, and disruption, aligning with modern principles of environmentally conscious infrastructure development. In this study, the installation of a sewage pipeline constructed by microtunneling under an existing railway track is investigated using geotechnical and structural FEM.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/ATDE240566

Mapping the Potential of e-Micromobility Vehicles for Sustainable Urban Development – the Case of Győr, Hungary

Petra Szakonyi

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 703-708

Description:

Can the advancement of electromobility (e-mobility) be the key to achieving sustainable development and transportation in urban areas? While electric vehicles typically produce less environmental impact compared to conventional cars—such as reduced noise and air pollution—they still generate various externalities, including congestion costs, accidents, and adverse effects on landscapes and public spaces. In contrast, light e-micro mobility vehicles, particularly e-scooters, have emerged as a new transportation alternative in many cities worldwide and appear to facilitate a shift towards more sustainable modes of transport due to their advantages. However, e-micromobility can only contribute to sustainable urban development if careful planning and development are implemented. This study explores the history, current status, and future potential of e-micro mobility advancements. As part of the primary research, we assessed the socio-economic profiles and usage behaviors of e-micro mobility users in Győr, Hungary. We also examined the share of e-micro mobility users in the modal split, their travel patterns, and their needs and desires. The findings indicated that e-micro mobility vehicles primarily substitute walking and public transport, with fewer trips being made by private cars. Ultimately, the study concluded that a shift from car usage to e-micro mobility is achievable, provided there are suitable policy frameworks and sustainable urban and transportation development strategies in place.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114118

Chitinolytic Microbes for Pest Management in Organic Agriculture: Challenges and Strategies

Surender Singh Balkar Singh Vikram Poria Babett Greff Sandeep Kumar Prakriti Jhilta Pawan Kumar Pawan Kumar Sandeep Kumar

Publication Name: Microbes Based Approaches for the Management of Hazardous Contaminants

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 224-241

Description:

Indiscriminative and uncontrolled use of chemical pesticides in agriculture has led to environmental pollution, loss of biodiversity, and poses serious threat to human health. Organic farming aims to produce food in way that is both socially and environmentally sustainable by using natural products for pest control and supplying nutrients. Pest management in organic agriculture is challenging due to low efficacy of most of reported bio-pesticides. Microorganisms, including Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Lecanicillium muscarium have been used against insects traditionally but most of these are effective against few insects or groups. Chitinolytic microorganisms are reported to be efficient biocontrol agents against most insects as they can break down chitin, the main structural component of several insect pests. However, several challenges, including formulation and delivery, environmental factors, integration with other pest management techniques, and strict biosafety norms, hamper the large-scale production and adoption of such bioformulations. Strategies for the sustainable use of chitinolytic microorganisms in organic agriculture, including the development of novel formulations and delivery systems, integration with other pest management strategies, and education and training, are discussed in this chapter. With proper implementation of these strategies, the use of chitinolytic microorganisms could significantly contribute to sustainable pest management in organic agriculture.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1002/9781119851158.ch15

Computational Wear Prediction in Total Knee Replacements as a Function of Replacement Size

Natalia Dilna Gusztáv Fekete Hai Qiao Wang Márton Máté Izolda Popa-Müller Karol Nemoga

Publication Name: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 494-500

Description:

Wear is the third most important factor that restricts the longevity of total knee replacements (TKRs). Wear is particularly influenced by load, local kinematics between the contact surfaces and presumably by the geometry of the contact surfaces. This article investigated, by means of multibody models, how wear in total knee replacements is affected by the size of a TKR or by TKR-related geometric parameters during gait motion. As a result, it has been established that wear rate increases linearly as a function of TKR size, while the impact of TKR-related geometric parameters can be described by linear or quadratic functions. One can conclude that the newly introduced dimensionless parameters can provide guidelines to effectively minimize wear in TKRs.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/ATDE240585

Economic and Technical Assessment of the Chinese Plum Varieties Using Multi-Criteria Analysis Methods

Jonel Subić Dragan Pamucar Adis Puška Marko Jeločnik Miroslav Nedeljković

Publication Name: Agricultural Research

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Globally, plums are among the most grown and consumed fruit species. Considering China as the leader in plum production, there are intentions to introduce the usually grown plum varieties in China into the area of Western Balkan (WB). It is expected that this action will trigger knowledge and technological transfer, as well as improvement in reached profitability. The suitability of available seven plum varieties (Superior, Skoroplodnaya, Eagle Dream, Sissy, Manchu Beauty, Golden ball and Red ball) to production and market conditions of Western Balkan are analysed by experts’ assessment of offered alternatives according to predefined sets of (sub)criteria (economic and technological). In line with the main goal of the research support in the decision-making process, i.e. ranking the observed plum varieties is done according to the selected multi-criteria method, in this case, fuzzy DNARAS multi-criteria decision-making method (Double Normalization Fuzzy Additive Ratio Assessment). Previous assessments of observed plum varieties towards the predefined sets of criteria are done by engaged national experts focused on fruit growing. Derived research results show that the plum variety Sissy could perfectly fit the WBs fruit production sector, while the variety Superior possess the lowest growing potential among the assessed plum varieties. Research originality lies in the fact that assessment and ranking of selected plum varieties have been done with the fuzzy DNARAS multi-criteria decision-making method, a method that shows a higher level of stability compared to other similar methods. Performing the quasi-experiment under the expert’s opinions and suggesting the plum varieties that could correspond to adequate growing alternatives simultaneously represents the initial stage in multi-year field experiments linked to the introduction of marked varieties into the WBs.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s40003-024-00744-4

Exploring economic development and mineral rents nexus across BRICS nations: Fresh insights from multiple threshold panel analysis

Mandeep Mahendru Elżbieta Roszko-Wójtowicz Sanjeet Singh Pooja Bansal Meenu Bhardwaj

Publication Name: Resources Policy

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 88

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The nexus between economic development and mineral rent across Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) is empirically tested by using multiple threshold panel analysis. This paper focuses on the association and correlation among Mineral Rents (% of GDP) and Gross Domestic Product per capita along with Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Trade, and Renewable Energy Consumption per Capita, by using the data sets for the period 1994–2021. Dynamic Liner Model and Double Threshold models are used for empirical testing of the above variables. The Dynamic Liner Model identified the positive influence of trade and FDI on mineral rent; and the Double Threshold models identified the negative influence of GDP, trade, and FDI on mineral rent. The findings contribute to the literature about mineral rent and economic growth. Moreover, the findings of this paper help in planning policies and interventions for inclusive and sustainable economic development, GDP enhancement, promotion of trade, and FDI in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) by considering mineral rent management. This paper also recommends considering the mineral rent taxation, mineral royalty, mine-community conflicts, corruption, institutional development, politics, and environmental issues before policy implementation and reforms related to economic development, GDP enhancement, promotion of trade, and FDI in BRICS.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.104537

ADVANTAGES OF USING CONCRETE CANVAS MATERIALS IN RAILWAY TRACK CONSTRUCTION

Szabolcs Fischer Szabolcs Szalai Mykola Sysyn Jianxing Liu Dániel Harrach B. Eller

Publication Name: Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: 1

Page Range: 50-57

Description:

Purpose. Justification of the feasibility of using new types of drainage materials, such as Concrete Canvas (CC), under the upper structure of the railway permanent way. Methodology. The tasks were solved by a complex research method, including analysis and generalization of literary and patent sources, analytical, experimental studies, using computer and mathematical modeling methods. Tests were conducted with and without the CC layer in a multi-level shear box. After the shear test, the specimens were also tested for load-bearing capacity (E2, according to the Hungarian standard) and particle breakage. The contact surface between the bottom of the ballast and the CC was measured using a precision 3D laser scanner (GOM ATOS) and visualized graphically using AutoCAD software. Findings. Experimental testing of the vertical load during connection and analysis compared with the test results of geocomposite/geogrid structures, internal shear resistance, and other parameters proved the structure’s higher load-bearing capacity with the CC layer. Based on the results, the Concrete Canvas structure provides higher reinforcement than the average geogrid type. Originality. The advantages of using new Concrete Canvas materials in the structure of a railway track have been demonstrated for the first time to provide greater internal shear resistance than the average for geogrids. Practical value. These results may provide primary data for using Concrete Canvas in railway tracks and superstructures in the future.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.33271/nvngu/2024-1/050

Social integration of internally displaced persons in Ukraine: Problems and challenges for governing local communities

Yuriy Bilan Halyna Mishchuk Iryna Roshchyk Vita Krol

Publication Name: Problems and Perspectives in Management

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 22

Issue: 1

Page Range: 728-740

Description:

This study aims to evaluate social integration and obstacles for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in local communities for further improvement of governing local communities regarding the integration of IDPs in new surroundings. The expert sample included 38 representatives of relevant authorities, scientists, NGOs, and volunteer organizations from 11 Ukrainian regions. The survey was conducted using the online questionnaire method via Google Forms. The results show the low participation of IDPs in most political and civil activities in new communities. The level of social integration according to these criteria is, respectively, 3.0 and 3.2 points out of 6 possible. At the same time, the level of economic integration (3.7 points) and integration into cultural and sports initiatives (3.6 points) are comparatively high, which are a feature illustrating the readiness to be involved in some kinds of activities in a new community. A significant result is also the fact that according to most signs of social integration, in the evaluations of experts, there are assessments of the activity of IDPs at a level that exceeds the activity of residents (6 points). Such results indicate the existence of a resource for developing communities due to the use of the potential of IDPs. This is especially characteristic of activities in counteraction to russian aggression, involvement in grant and project activities, search for opportunities for legal income, and support of social justice principles in labor relations.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.21511/ppm.22(1).2024.57

Data Enrichment with Climate Reanalysis Data and Machine Learning for Analyzing Supply Adequacy in Renewable Power Systems

Adrienn Dineva Rita Fleiner Ágnes Gerse

Publication Name: Cinti 2024 IEEE 24th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Informatics Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 167-172

Description:

To overcome the limitations in using historical time series data for the supply adequacy analysis of renewable power systems, a data enhancement process is implemented allowing for a temporal enrichment of the available historical data. The methodology is based on the direct conversion of gridded climate reanalysis time series into aggregate output estimates where the simulated aggregate output is estimated by machine learning and historical power system data are used as training and testing data set. As a case study, the data enrichment methodology was accomplished with Hungarian power system data. From the enriched wind and solar electricity generation time series, availability statistics were derived that can be integrated into analytical probabilistic adequacy risk assessment models to describe the availability of wind and solar energy as aggregate, multi-state units.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CINTI63048.2024.10830913