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Found 6334 publications

Emerging Technologies in Pharmaceutical Supply Chains: a Comprehensive Analysis of Findings and Implications

Edit Süle László Buics Ibrahim F. Alsakhen

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 811-816

Description:

The pharmaceutical supply chain faces significant challenges in achieving resilience and adaptability amid complex global risks and disruptions. Emerging technologies, such as Pharma 4.0, artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain, offer transformative potential to enhance supply chain performance. Yet, research lacks a holistic understanding of how these technologies synergise to address scalability, cost, and cybersecurity challenges. This study undertakes a systematic literature review, synthesising findings from key studies within the Scopus database, to explore the integration of these technologies in pharmaceutical supply chains. The review reveals that combining artificial intelligence, blockchain, and Pharma 4.0 enables improved traceability, risk management, and resilience through mechanisms like Intelligent Digital Twins (iDTs) for stress testing and real-time response. These results indicate that integrating these technologies has the potential to build robust, scalable, and secure supply chains capable of withstanding future disruptions. By highlighting the compounded benefits and cross-industry applicability of these advancements, this study provides a comprehensive framework that not only addresses current gaps but also guides pharmaceutical companies and related industries toward more resilient supply chain solutions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114136

Fueling the Future: The Interplay of Environmental Consciousness and Hydrogen Vehicle Acceptance

Nikolett Gyurián Nagy

Publication Name: International Scientific Business Conference Limen Leadership Innovation Management and Economics Integrated Politics of Research

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 2024

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 131-139

Description:

Hydrogen-powered vehicles are playing an increasing role in sustainable mobility technologies. Still, their acceptance depends, to a large extent, on society’s environmental attitudes, in addition to infrastructure development. This research investigates how consumers’ environmental attitudes and openness to innovation influence the adoption of hydrogen vehicles and purchase intentions. The research method is a questionnaire survey using validated scales. A total of 1330 respondents participated in the research. The analysis examines consumer attitudes toward the most promising technological innovation in the automotive industry. It also explores how individual responsibility and environmental activism influence the openness to hydrogen vehicles. The results of the analysis show that positive attitudes towards innovation were significantly related to all environmental variables, while financial sacrifice showed a significantly weaker relationship. The results support the theory that openness to innovation may be a stronger predictor of adopting sustainable technologies than environmental awareness.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.31410/LIMEN.S.P.2024.131

Two new species of Oribatella (Acari, Oribatida, Oribatellidae) from Guatemala

Sergey G. Ermilov Jenő Kontschán

Publication Name: International Journal of Acarology

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 50

Issue: 6

Page Range: 515-521

Description:

Two new species of oribatid mites of the genus Oribatella (Oribatida, Oribatellidae)—O. paradechambrierisp. nov. and O. parastrinatiisp. nov.—are described, based on adults collected from rainforest litter in Guatemala. Oribatella paradechambrierisp. nov. is similar to O. dechambrieri but differs by the smaller body size, the length of the teeth of the lamellae, the relative length of the free distal and fixed mediobasal parts of the lamella, the size of the trapezoid region in basal part of the prodorsum, and the length of the interlamellar seta. Oribatella parastrinatiisp. nov. is similar to O. strinatii but differs by the smaller body size, the morphology of the rostrum, the morphology of the tutorial cusp, the presence of large dense foveolae in the centrodorsal part of the notogaster and between the genital and anal apertures, and dense short transverse ridges on the medioposterior part of the notogaster, and the number of genital setae. Oribatella dechambrieri is the first record of the species for Guatemala. The belonging of O. paradechambrieri to the genus Fenestrobates is discussed. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5F474B0F-7E2B-42CC-9252-E5C41D17FE96.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/01647954.2024.2373983

Performance Optimization of a Formula Student Racing Car Using IPG CarMaker—Part 2: Aiding Aerodynamics and Drag Reduction System Package Design †

Ambrus Zelei Dominik Takács

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 79

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Part 1 of this paper summarizes the application of the IPG CarMaker 11.0 software for lap-time simulation and optimization. The goal is to use the IPG CarMaker on a given track for the optimization of the aerodynamics package parameters and the drag reduction system (DRS). The optimal aerodynamic downforce coefficient is determined for a given vehicle. The simulations clearly suggest that the application of the DRS pays off for a Formula Student car, if the DRS activation and deactivation times are chosen carefully. As IPG CarMaker seems to be a powerful tool, the Arrabona Racing Team decided to extend its application.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2024079077

Creep behaviour of day-old chicken corrugated paperboard packaging under different uniaxial compression loads—An experimental study

Péter Böröcz Renáta Pidl Lajos Fehér

Publication Name: Packaging Technology and Science

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 37

Issue: 1

Page Range: 51-63

Description:

One of the most important elements for animal transportation is the packaging that ensures the safety and health of the transit. During the transport of live small animals, such as day-old chickens, the animals may only stay in the boxes for a very limited period, in this case, 48 h. Therefore, it is important to be able to model the strength behaviour of these boxes concerning packaging material requirements and sustainability. The aim of this study was to determine the short- and relatively long-term strength of day-old chicken packages to better estimate packaging design and to use these data to establish an analytical creep model with suitable parameters that adequately approximate the measured data. Two types of packages were tested, and two types of creep models were used to model the creep strain-time graphs. The creep behaviour of the two samples was tested at four different uniaxial load cases, with consistent environmental conditions during the tests (23°C and 50% relative humidity [RH]). At the two highest loads, both samples failed before the 48-h cycle, indicating a significant difference in box strength between short-term and long-term load tests. The secondary creep strain rate increases with the magnitude of the compressive load. When comparing the two creep models for both box types, the Power law provided the best accuracy at the 50% of box compression test (BCT) load case, while at the other three load cases, the Andrade law showed better predictions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1002/pts.2780

Multiple Roles of Hydrogen in Future Mobility

Virag Meszaros László Csizmadia-Csiky Barna Hanula

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 895-900

Description:

Sustainability and GHG reduction are the pivotal points of any future mobility. The European policymakers prioritised the BEV technology from 2035 onward. This decision was based on the universal consensus that the BEV technology offers the highest efficiency and that sufficient green energy will be available on time. In this study, the authors will analyse the feasibility of this concept. Due to the stochastic availability of renewable power, a reliable power supply requires adequate storage capacity at the necessary scale and time. The other universal statement is that the production of e-fuels is too inefficient to compete with BEV technology. Based on different publications, the authors are convinced that only chemical storage can fulfil the requirements nationally or globally. The inevitable first step of this energy conversion is water electrolysis, energised by renewables. The losses occurring during the production of green hydrogen are an unavoidable burden on green electricity production. Due to the availability of the produced hydrogen, these losses do not count toward producing e-fuels like methanol, methane, and ammonia. In that case, the baseline of any efficiency comparison alters, and alternative and e-fuels will severely challenge the BEV technology in multiple applications and locations. These fuels will allow further improvements in the ICE technology. The most important finding of this study is that the investigation of separated sub-systems will not deliver the optimum solution for mobility. Only a holistic approach considering the interactions between power generation, power storage, and propulsion technology leads to reliable answers, and hydrogen is the key element of the solution.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114150

Performance Comparison of IP Packet Forwarding Solutions

Melinda Kosák Gábor Lencse

Publication Name: 2024 47th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing Tsp 2024

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 243-248

Description:

Nowadays we know several IP packet forwarding solutions, and they are getting faster and more efficient. We chose Fast Data Project / Vector Packet Processing (FD.io VPP) for our investigation, because it is regarded as an extremely high speed and secure networking data plane. In this paper, we present how to install and configure FD.io VPP and we also demonstrate its high IP packet forwarding performance compared to that of the Linux kernel. To achieve this, we built a testbed using two Dell PowerEdge R620 servers. One of the servers was the Tester and the siitperf measurement software was used for executing IPv4 and IPv6 packet forwarding performance tests. The other server was the DUT (Device Under Test), on which FD.io VPP was installed and its packet forwarding performance was measured. As a basis for comparison, we also measured the packet forwarding performance of the Linux kernel. It was found that FD.io VPP seriously outperformed the Linux kernel. The details of the measurements and their results are disclosed and analyzed in the paper.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/TSP63128.2024.10605773

Effects of Different Longitudinal Bending Stiffness Shoes on Distal Joint Kinematics and Muscular Mechanics in Adolescent amateur Runners

Gusztáv Fekete István Bíró Qiaolin Zhang Hairong Chen

Publication Name: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 472-478

Description:

Research has indicated that modifying shoes' longitudinal bending stiffness (LBS) could potentially influence running biomechanics and performance among amateur runners. Nevertheless, scant attention has been given to adolescent runners in previous studies, leaving the impact of various LBS shoes on distal joint kinematics and muscular mechanics unclear. Given the distinctive musculoskeletal attributes of adolescents, delving into this matter holds significant importance. Thirteen adolescent amateur runners with rear foot strikes were recruited for the study. Each participant performed running tasks along a 10-meter runway at a speed of 3.3±5% m/s while wearing two types of LBS shoes, randomized for each trial. The specific LBS values of the shoes were 2.7 Nm/rad (low) and 8.6 Nm/rad (high). Lower limb joint biomechanical data were collected using a Vicon motion analysis system and AMTI force platform. Lower limb joint kinematics and muscular mechanics were analyzed using Opensim software. Paired t-tests were employed to identify differences in distal joint kinematics and muscular mechanics during stance phases. We found that there was a significant increase in contact time, while the range of motion (ROM) of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint in the sagittal plane significantly decreased in the high LBS shoe condition. Additionally, the impulse of flexor digitorum brevis and flexor hallucis longus significantly increased under the high LBS shoe condition. The results show that high LBS shoes impose a greater load on the distal muscles, potentially elevating the risk of running-related injuries. The low LBS shoes are more suitable for adolescent runners.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/ATDE240582

Importance of Eddy Viscosity and Advection in Hydrodynamical Models for Simulating Flash Floods on Steep Sloped Watersheds

Katalin Bene Gergely Ámon

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 805-810

Description:

Flash floods in steeply sloped watersheds pose significant human life and infrastructure. Accurate prediction of these events relies on key parameters such as peak flow, time to peak flow, and the total overland flow volume. Numerical models are highly effective tools for predicting flash floods. The accuracy of hydrodynamic models is determined mainly by the solver equations used. Depth-integrated models offer various equation sets, with the full hydrodynamic equation providing the most detailed, though computationally intensive, solution. Eddy viscosity is another critical factor in simulating turbulent overland flow. Still, increased equation complexity leads to longer computational times and the need for smaller time steps to maintain model stability. Simulating turbulent overland flow in steep watersheds is particularly challenging because maintaining stability in these conditions is difficult. This study examined overland flow using artificial watersheds and model rainfall events, testing multiple solvers within the Hydrologic Engineering Center – River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). By keeping geometry, mesh, and rainfall inputs consistent, the study compared solver performance, identifying potential errors that arise under different conditions. Nonlinear advection, rather than gravity and roughness, was found to govern flow around obstructions. These findings are critical for improving the reliability of models that simulate the complex dynamics of flash floods, ultimately aiding in the reduction of risks posed by these hazardous events.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114135