The educational system of the twenty-first century is student-centered. Students are the generation that has seen firsthand the enormous expansion of online media represented by the Internet, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence, which has increased the relevance of digital competence in higher education. This is because they are the ones who have grown up with the rapid development of computer networks and who have firsthand knowledge of those technologies. Additionally, the epidemic has raised public awareness of the need of for digital literacy. The increasing digitalization and modernization of every area of our lives to satisfy the needs of modern education is creating new chances for both teaching and learning. The world over, more and more technology is being used to improve training and education, which eliminates the need to take into account regional factors that are associated with traditional education. More and more educational establishments are using technology to improve instruction. The paper’s primary objective is to pinpoint the internet-related and digitalization-related variables that have an impact on higher education in European nations using the following indicators: patent applications, resident population, high-tech exports, research and development spending, and school enrollment at the tertiary level (% gross). Due to data availability, the sample includes 40 nations over the period 1996-2020. The World Bank database is the source of the information. Panel-data VAR and panel Granger causality were the methodologies we used. Our findings suggested that the Internet and digitalization considerably impact higher education because high-technology exports represent both the internet and digitalization.

The aim of the work is to compare the performance of the general Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), the joint EKF and the dual EKF for state and parameter estimation of a Samsung 18650INR13L Li-ion battery cell. The used battery model is based on a simplified Randles equivalent circuit equipped with Rs, Rct and Cdl parameters. The initial values of Randles parameters were identified from constant charge, discharge and transient discharge measurements. The performance of the implemented Kalman Filters were compared for the state and parameter estimation of the cell during WLTP test condition. While the general EKF uses only the identified initial values of the parameters, the joint and dual EKF are able to estimate them to compensate for the drift during the operation which leads to more accurate state estimation and compensates the parameters change due to heat and the aging of the cell. From the SOC estimation performance comparison we found out that both the dual and joint EKF perform similarly well, but the dual EKF has about 22% less computational cost which is very significant in the case of the future implementation on a real Battery Management System (BMS) which was the target of this investigation.

The purpose of this study is to carry out an examination of the economic sustainability of product liability, paying particular attention to the development risk that enables exemption from liability, as an exemption case. The product liability regulation that enables or excludes the manufacturer’s reference to development risk is not only a legal and legal policy issue, but also an economic policy issue affecting economic efficiency. In addition, how to install the development risk is also a question closely related to the role of the state in liability. The study pays special attention to the development risk related to the damage caused by medicines, vaccines as special products, maneuvering between state compensation obligation and manufacturer’s liability. In doing so, the study aims to answer such questions as whether product liability regulation is economically sustainable, and in accordance with this, is the currently defined procedure for deploying development risk cost-effective?

The objective of this study is the control technology of quadcopters. The aim of this article is to propose further simulation assessment opportunities and other control implementations for investigating the transfer function of a quadrotor BLDC (Brushless Direct Current Electric Motor) motor obtained from experimental results in a previously published paper by separate authors. In this article, an LQ (linear-quadratic) controller is implemented based on the transmission function, during which the response of the controller to a unit step signal is examined. It is proved that LQ control can significantly enhance the autonomy of UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) compared to PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller) control, as a faster and more accurate step response is achieved during system analysis. Additionally, how the LQ controller and the PID controller respond to a randomly generated white noise is examined. The results are compared with those implemented with a PID controller presented in a separate article.

In this study, the economic and financial performance of the Hungarian food industry sector sample between 2017 and 2022 was examined, with a special focus on the sustainable development rate. The increasingly prominent adverse economic and environmental changes in recent years have had a strong impact on firm-level performance, which can cause national economic problems in a strategic sector such as the food industry. The assessment relied mainly on information from a financial position and profit and loss accounts. The data were used to determine financial ratios and to calculate different growth rates, which were used to analyse the financing and sustainable growth issues of the sector. The number of Hungarian food processing enterprises has gradually declined over the period under study, with a concentration trend in terms of enterprise size, form and employment structure, as well as within sectors. Turnover and expenditure show linear growth at current prices, with increases in the various profit categories. The asset structure is stable, and profitability is improving. The number of companies and employment in the sector has been steadily declining in recent years, while efficiency is increasing, with total sector turnover approaching HUF 6.5 × 10¹². The increase in profits in the food industry is remarkable for all branches of the economy. The sector is adapting well to the negative effects of the changing economic environment. The results of the study can help business leaders in their planning work when considering the evolution of growth rates, particularly the Sustainable Growth Rate.

For the examination of bridge superstructures, there is no single standard method in the literature for the design of structures, and possibility for their diagnosis after fire damage. Designers often overcome this problem by examining the fire curves used for tunnel fires, as the materials feeding the combustion are considered to be very similar. In contrast, in some articles, the use of localised fires in design and control is suggested by the authors. This is a standard method used in Eurocode. To solve the problem, two methods must be applied. Heskestad's method describes the case where the flame does not reach the superstructure of the bridge, while Hasemi's method describes the case where the flame does. Heskestad's method is presented in the standard in a way that can be used by practising engineers. The great advantage of Hasemi's method is that it can quantify the effects of several localised fires, each one separate from the other. This feature is very useful for the fire design of, for example, covered car parks and bridge structures. In such a test, the total heat flow on the lower plane of the slab or superstructure can be interpreted as the sum of the heat flows from each local fire. The standard, on the other hand, it does not provide additional assistance to designers in solving the problem. That is way, he should be able to determine the temperature of the structural element, a method which is not provided for in the standard. This problem leads to a fourth degree equation, which again leaves the designer on his own to solve. There is no formula for solving the fourth degree equation. In this case, it becomes more useful to find a sufficiently accurate approximate solution (Newton's method) rather than an exact solution. In this article, we present in detail the possibilities of solving the local fire effect in order to enable practising engineers to use it.

Since 2018, I have been a philosophical consultant for the Compagnie Pál Frenák, and, more recently a dramaturg (Cage³, Spid_er⁴, Fig_Ht⁵, Secret_ Off Man, Crazy Runners – Parad_IS_e⁶). Simultaneously with my research on somaesthetics, I became familiar with Frenák's unique organic movement system, which developed from the sign system of the deaf and hard of hearing and, over decades, evolved into a completely individual means of expression. Because Frenák, the best-known choreographer of Hungarian contemporary dance, considers Deleuze's philosophy a point of alignment, Deleuze's Abécédaire and Shusterman's aesthetics both played a role in my 2022 book about him (Horváth 2022). However, Frenák is an autonomous creator who never uses the books he reads as a concrete reference, rather, he extracts the essence of what he reads and takes inspiration from them by placing them in a totally different context. Anyone familiar with Frenák's works knows that his central theme is the libidinal energy that controls people. He researches how to express erotic radiance, repressed desire or the resonance that exists or never develops between people. Frenák opens something up to audiences, who are either drawn in or pushed away. Frenák's native language is sign language, due to his deaf mother. In the world of the deaf and hard of hearing, only continuous and intense attention is natural. His perfect knowledge of this medium and communication system adds a unique dimension to Frenák's somatic style. Frenák's work is special because since childhood, he has been experimenting with a unique language of movement, with which generations of dancers have been able to identify in joint productions over the decades. But his art is much more than that. He has been able to do what very few people do: he constantly builds and enriches the unique world in which certain themes, motifs, and emotions regularly appear. Only the harmony between the body and the soul is capable of representing the homogeneous artistic style that has characterized Frenák’s style for decades. Perhaps this is partly why we perceive that his pieces are the various manifestations of a homogeneous whole and rather than isolated choreographies, despite their fragmented nature. In my study, I examine how Frenák delves into the depths of human nature. How does his work address the myth of marriage or love triangles? How can such a feeling be realized on stage when two figures are not even touching, yet we know, we feel in our guts, that they belong together. Frenák is not satisfied with portraying superficial relationships, and he disregards patterns and norms. He is a diver delving into the depths of the soul frightened of itself, a soul that must grapple with itself to overcome its fears and its own shadows. During this investigation, the question arises: is it is possible to put into words the erotic experience that art can only partially convey? “The philosopher can speak of everything he feels. Erotic experience will commit us to silence” says Bataille in Eroticism (Bataille, 1962, p. 252.). That is the advantage that art possesses and that is why the feeling that the protracted utterance of the word “Silence” in Frenák’s pieces (e.g., in The Hidden Men) may convey. Philosophy is unable to free itself of language and, what Bataille considers the most important, “it uses language in such a way that silence never follows”, the silence of that last moment where consciousness forsakes you (Ibid, p. 274.). The atmosphere of Frenák's plays can reproduce exactly those states of mind in which awareness fails, where nothing remains but silence or madness. The question, therefore, is: how to grasp passion rendered with artistic corporality from the perspective of somaesthetics.

Integrating renewable energy sources into railway systems presents a promising solution to mitigate rising CO2 emissions, growing energy demands, and environmental degradation. This paper reviews the potential of incorporating renewable energy technologies such as solar, wind, bioenergy, and kinetic energy recovery into railway infrastructure. By employing intelligent multi-agent systems to manage rail microgrids, the study demonstrates significant enhancements in energy efficiency, operational cost reduction, and system reliability. Strategic deployment of these energy solutions has shown a potential reduction in energy consumption by up to 30 %. This paper underscores the importance of advanced energy storage and management systems to address the variability of renewable sources, ensuring a stable and consistent energy supply. These findings highlight the critical role of smart grid technologies and AI-driven energy management in advancing the sustainability of railway operations and contributing to global sustainable development objectives.

We have a promising future in improving road safety, which requires a comprehensive assessment of the impact of systems on road transport. Research is timely as we are in a transitional period until the advent of autonomous vehicles. This research has identified the factors that influence the impact of vehicle control algorithms on road transport, depending on technological feasibility, as well as the factors that influence development directions, and then used a questionnaire survey to assess the factors that are most important to society. The correlations between the impacts were analysed and, after identifying the different clusters, this research assessed the opinions of different age groups on the expected impact of self-driving vehicles and the factors influencing their introduction.