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Nigerian Radicalism: Towards a New Definition via a Historical Survey

Adam Mayer

Publication Name: Historical Materialism

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 1

Issue: 1

Page Range: 1-36

Description:

Recent military coups in West Africa have put the continent's democratisation itself into question. In some places, for the moment, these coups appear to have popular backing. Nigeria, where radicalism is firmly rooted in democratic values and a human-rights framework, the radical grassroots opposition to the Buhari government's creeping authoritarianism lies drenched in blood. The roots of this development go back to the history of Nigeria's radicalism in the twentieth century. Much has appeared on the global 1968 recently, including that of Africa. 1970s/1980s-style radicalism is reappearing today with Omoyele Sowore's 2018 presidential candidacy, with the African Action Congress party, the #EndSARS protests and the tragic Lekki Toll Gate massacre (2020) in Nigeria. The shift towards radicalism is palpable with protest music such as Falz's This is Nigeria, and Burna Boy's Monsters you Made, both explicitly targeting neocolonialism and police brutality. Contrary to Achille Mbembe's sweeping dismissal of African radicalism, the movement with very deep roots under study is meaningful once again, and is gathering momentum in West Africa's giant polity. This article applies Walter Benjamin's and also Nigerian radical thinkers' conceptualisation of political, social and artistic radicalism, while it frames the Nigerian version via the movement's history, in which marxisant theory and praxis, feminism, human rights and pro-democracy movements interact with emancipatory strands of Islam, Christianity, Igbo Judaism, and animism. In the context of Nigerian radicalism, even expressly pro-capitalist art theory performs a radical social function by stressing the African's right to make universal statements (Olu Oguibe) in its de facto defiance of the neo-colony. As these different strands of protest meet, ethnic uprisings (amongst them ipob) find ways to establish common cause with social radicalism, posing a composite threat to the prebendalist oligarchy that rules and oppresses the country via a militarised neoliberalism.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1163/1569206x-bja10033

On the Effectiveness of Congestion Control Algorithms on MPT-GRE Networks

Naseer Al-Imareen Gábor Lencse

Publication Name: 2024 47th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing Tsp 2024

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 87-91

Description:

Contemporary academic research is seeing a notable surge in interest in investigating the multifaceted aspects associated with the advancement of multipath technologies, an area of prominence within ongoing research efforts. This burgeoning interest is exemplified by the prominence of protocols such as Multipath TCP (MPTCP) and Multipath UDP (MPT), which have appeared as focal points within contemporary research trends. The continual evolution of networking protocols, containing diverse iterations of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), including (CUBIC, Reno, Vegas, BBR, etc.) has been characterized by a sustained effort to congestion detection and control algorithms. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of TCP congestion control algorithms within a network operating under the MPT -GRE network layer multipath technology. Various factors contributing to congestion were added to one of the two paths, including delay or packet loss. The study illustrates the contribution of congestion control algorithms to the increase in network throughput by resolving transient period issues in MPT -GRE multipath networks. The main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of congestion control algorithms within the MPT network architecture. Through systematic analysis and experimental testing, this study provides valuable insights into the performance of congestion detection algorithms. It gives evidence of their significant positive effect in multipath MPT -GRE networks.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/TSP63128.2024.10605944

The Role of Vehicle Diagnostics in Supporting the Law-Abiding “Behavior” of Self-Driving Vehicles †

István Lakatos Lea Pődör

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 79

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The aim of this paper is to look at the pillars for developing the law-abiding “behavior” of self-driving cars. The paper will analyze the potential of artificial intelligence, machine learning mechanisms, and the transformation of rules into algorithms for self-driving cars, and highlight the vehicle diagnostics context. The analysis is expected to demonstrate that the transformation of rules into algorithms alone is not sufficient for unhindered transport, as there is a strong need for the application of vehicle diagnostics to support and enhance obstacle and accident-free transport. The technological revolution in the field of self-driving vehicles calls for the development of common ground between technical sciences and law, which are trying to make the idea of safe and sustainable transport part of everyday life.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2024079029

The protection of genetic resources in the intersection of biological diversity and intellectual property rights

Barna Arnold Keserű

Publication Name: Rechtskultur

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 339-351

Description:

Diversity is a key component of sustainable development. This stems from the systems theory approach, as a diverse system adapts best to environmental change. From this perspective, diversity is a guarantee of survival, and it serves as a tool of fighting for food security. The complexity and diversity must therefore be protected. One endpoint of diversity is biological and genetic diversity, while the other endpoint is cultural diversity. The protection of biological diversity is linked to the protection of genetic resources. The issues of the protectability of genetic resources is a new direction in intellectual property law, with the declared aim of promoting aspects of sustainable development. There are new, emerging legal institutions at international level which are not yet part of the universal system of intellectual property rights and it is up to international legislation to make them so. A key step was the adoption of the WIPO Treaty in this field in May of 2024. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current and future possibilities for protection.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

GENERAL PURPOSE CONDITION ASSESSMENT METHOD THAT CAN BE AUTOMATICALLY OPTIMISED FOR SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

Adam Bukovics Ferenc Lilik Ĺaszĺo T. Ḱoczy

Publication Name: Iet Conference Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 2024

Issue: 8

Page Range: 30-35

Description:

The maintenance and renovation of old (over 100 years old) residential buildings is one of the priority tasks in the last decades, because - especially in the inner areas of big cities - there are still a lot of them today, and therefore it has a decisive effect on the quality of life of many people. Since the structural design, materials, and condition of these types of residential buildings show many similarities, it is advisable to develop a uniform method for their condition assessment. A condition assessment and decision support model that is suitable for objective and uniform evaluation of this large number of old residential buildings and enables their energy-efficient maintenance and renovation as needed is being developed. The decision model consists of 4 main components (“Project info”, “Knowledge base”, “Preparatory work process”, “Fuzzy system”). For this method, a fuzzy signature-based decision model was developed, that can be used for the condition assessment of old residential buildings and for multi purpose intervention decision support. In this article, the main components are briefly overviewed and the automatic relationships between the individual elements of the project info and how it’s values affect the structure of the fuzzy signature is examined in details. Since the optimal structure of the fuzzy signature helps to make the right decision and the ideal use of the available resources, it is of great importance in terms of energy efficiency and sustainability. The other aim of automation is to make condition assessment even faster and more reliable.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1049/icp.2024.2677

DDOS Attack Mitigation Based on FPGA Implementation

Sándor Répás Ahmed Jamal Ibrahim Ahmed Jamal Ibrahim

Publication Name: International Conference on Electrical Computer and Energy Technologies Icecet 2024

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

With the widespread use of computer networks daily, network security has become a significant problem in the new technology era. Due to the quick growth of the World Wide Web, it is becoming more challenging for researchers to find new methods to prevent attackers from reaching their targets. The spread of malicious cyber network activity poses a significant risk to numerous organizations and inflicts substantial economic consequences on society. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is a cyberattack technique that disrupts the regular traffic of the target server or system by flooding it with an abnormal flow of internet traffic from different sources. The current article explores the advantages of FPGA-based devices in network security to mitigate the effects of DDoS attacks.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/ICECET61485.2024.10698517

Assigning Metaheuristics to a Logistics Problem: a Novel Classification System for Algorithms and Problems

Adrian Horváth Tamara J. Bíró

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 1003-1008

Description:

Metaheuristic algorithms applied to NP-hard problems are proven effective techniques in the field of optimization to ensure a good result within an acceptable calculation time. However, finding a suitable technique for optimizing a complex problem is not an easy task since there are hundreds of methods. The majority of metaheuristic research is characterized by developing a new algorithm for a task or modifying or improving an existing technique. The reuse of metaheuristics is small compared to the fact that up to 30+ new procedures can be presented in the scientific community every year. Metaheuristic algorithms have already been grouped in countless ways, but not based on their components and structural elements, which are responsible for the basic optimization performance of the given method. The grouping of the problems to be solved is also not typical in terms of which method can be used to solve them effectively. This paper contributes to filling this gap by introducing a novel classification system for algorithms and problems in terms of variables or based on the type of task. Two main categories were distinguished for both logistic tasks and metaheuristic algorithms: discrete and continuous. Linking the nature of the variables between the task and the algorithm is a significant step forward in choosing an efficient metaheuristic with a high probability for a logistics problem. This can increase the efficiency of solving logistics problems and expand the use of the latest optimization techniques.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114168

Analysis of Hungarian consumers' food consumption and wastage patterns in times of the crisis

P. Karácsony Tímea Juhász Péter Huszka

Publication Name: Ukrainian Food Journal

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 13

Issue: 1

Page Range: 192-209

Description:

Introduction. The present research studies the extent to which recent crises have affected the food purchasing habits of Hungarian consumers and whether the financial difficulties caused by the crisis have changed their food wastage patterns. Materials and methods. The research method was a questionnaire survey, and the authors evaluated the data based on the opinions of a total of 798 respondents. The evaluation was carried out using SPSS version 28 and Smart PLS software. Results and discussion. The results showed that the current economic crises have a significant impact on the purchasing habits of the Hungarian consumers surveyed and the amount of food they buy. During a crisis, Hungarian consumers are more conscious and buy less. Consumers are less optimistic about the future (mean: 3.00 standard deviation: 1.248). The study shows that optimism has no effect on whether they waste food. Anxiety has a strong effect on perceptions of crisis and wastage. The study also shows that Hungarian consumers are not satisfied with the way the economic crisis is being handled (mean: 2.29, standard deviation: 1.185). The responses also show that consumers surveyed are typically careful about how much they buy (mean: 3.70, standard deviation: 1.113), what they put away and what they throw away. More conscious thinking about waste and consumption is well outlined (mean 3.62, standard deviation 1.205). Less food is thrown away, with 18.7% of respondents never throwing away food waste and one in five respondents buying only as much food as they can afford to take away. When food is left over, around 18% of survey respondents compost the leftovers. However, there was no difference in the extent to which those affected by economic impacts abandoned their previous consumption habits or stuck to their previous lifestyle. Conclusion. Wastage is affected by the experience of the crisis and a sense of uncertainty about the future. Similarly, the experience of the crisis is influenced by our knowledge of eating habits and our environmental awareness.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.24263/2304-974X-2024-13-1-13

The Effect of the Ball-Track Connection on the Energy Behavior of the Roller Gearing Gearbox

József Polák

Publication Name: Acta Polytechnica Hungarica

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 21

Issue: 4

Page Range: 185-202

Description:

In this paper, I present an energetic study of the roller gearing gearbox by investigating the friction phenomena at the ball-track contact. The novelty of the subject is that the gearbox under investigation is a Hungarian invention, the energetic investigation of which has not been dealt with before. The study was carried out using a mathematical model based on analytical principles, in the course of which the principles and models used for ball bearings and ball screw drives were adapted and applied accordingly. It is important to mention that the study does not cover the complete gearbox, so losses outside the ball-race contact, e.g. bearing friction, seal friction, oil friction, air friction, etc., have not been considered in this paper.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.12700/APH.21.4.2024.4.10