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Found 6327 publications

The protection of genetic resources in the intersection of biological diversity and intellectual property rights

Barna Arnold Keserű

Publication Name: Rechtskultur

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 339-351

Description:

Diversity is a key component of sustainable development. This stems from the systems theory approach, as a diverse system adapts best to environmental change. From this perspective, diversity is a guarantee of survival, and it serves as a tool of fighting for food security. The complexity and diversity must therefore be protected. One endpoint of diversity is biological and genetic diversity, while the other endpoint is cultural diversity. The protection of biological diversity is linked to the protection of genetic resources. The issues of the protectability of genetic resources is a new direction in intellectual property law, with the declared aim of promoting aspects of sustainable development. There are new, emerging legal institutions at international level which are not yet part of the universal system of intellectual property rights and it is up to international legislation to make them so. A key step was the adoption of the WIPO Treaty in this field in May of 2024. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current and future possibilities for protection.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

The cost-effectiveness of development risk through the filter of vaccine capitalism

Máté Frank Máté Frank

Publication Name: Rechtskultur

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 157-169

Description:

The purpose of this study is to carry out an examination of the economic sustainability of product liability, paying particular attention to the development risk that enables exemption from liability, as an exemption case. The product liability regulation that enables or excludes the manufacturer’s reference to development risk is not only a legal and legal policy issue, but also an economic policy issue affecting economic efficiency. In addition, how to install the development risk is also a question closely related to the role of the state in liability. The study pays special attention to the development risk related to the damage caused by medicines, vaccines as special products, maneuvering between state compensation obligation and manufacturer’s liability. In doing so, the study aims to answer such questions as whether product liability regulation is economically sustainable, and in accordance with this, is the currently defined procedure for deploying development risk cost-effective?

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Combined Effect of Nano Ferrite and Nano Silica on Properties of Cement Mortar

Rasha R. Rawdhan Azhar J. Bohan Ghaed K. Salman Muhanad Al-Jubouri

Publication Name: International Journal of Integrated Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 1

Page Range: 350-360

Description:

This study investigates the effects of adding nano-ferrite (N.F.) and nano-silica (N.S.) on the mechanical and biological properties of mortar. By assessing four water-to-cement ratios (1–4%), the ideal nanoparticle doses were determined. Results indicated that both N.F. and N.S. significantly increased the mortar’s strength at ratios between 1% and 4%, while combinations of N.F. and N.S. improved strength up to 3% and 4% substitution, respectively. The mechanisms of strength enhancement were attributed to nanoparticles acting as fillers and hydration accelerators, which densify the mortar microstructure and promote the production of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gels. In terms of biological properties, the study examined the antibacterial effects of nano-silica and nano-ferrite. Nano-silica demonstrated greater antibacterial potency against all bacterial strains assessed. Both materials exhibited a stronger antibacterial impact on Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) compared to Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), due to differences in cell wall structures. The study emphasizes the importance of optimal nanoparticle dosages and identifies limitations that warrant further research, such as durability and potential downsides at higher concentrations. Despite these challenges, the findings underscore the potential of nanoparticles to enhance mortar performance and suggest promising applications in construction and the development of antibacterial materials. Future research should focus on overcoming these constraints and exploring the practical applications of nanoparticle-enhanced mortar in real-world scenarios.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.30880/IJIE.2024.16.01.030

An Improved Bulk Viscosity Method for Contact-Impact Problems

Balázs Pere Daniel Serfozo

Publication Name: Acta Polytechnica Hungarica

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 21

Issue: 8

Page Range: 243-262

Description:

Dynamic contact and impact problems are widely applicable. An accurate solution for these kinds of problems could be used in many fields of mechanical engineering (e.g., cutting metalwork, cogwheel drives, etc.). However, the proper handling of the contact is problematic, as there emerges a substantial amount of nonlinearity in the displacement field. Therefore, a spurious high frequency oscillation is present in the solution. These oscillations must be avoided, as divergence can easily occur in the contact algorithm due to them. In order to eliminate this effect, the applied numerical method must be chosen and set properly. In this study, we focused on the best possible elimination of these oscillations by which the choice of the proper numerical method has a great importance.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.12700/APH.21.8.2024.8.13

Sustainability Aspects of Administrative Process Management: a Case Study Analysis

Boglárka Eisingerné Balassa László Buics

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 481-486

Description:

This article offers a detailed analysis of the university enrollment process from a process management perspective, focusing on sustainability aspects like the social cost of carbon. The study utilizes process visualization techniques, such as P-Graphs, to explore how administrative processes can be optimized to reduce environmental impact while maintaining efficiency. Enrollment is a vital yet complex component of university operations, often neglecting sustainability in traditional management approaches. Through a case study, this research demonstrates how process visualization can identify inefficiencies in the enrollment process and suggest improvements. By incorporating P-Graphs, the study evaluates sustainability metrics like carbon costs, guiding decision-makers in reducing environmental harm. The findings reveal that the current enrollment system is unsustainable in terms of operating costs, human factors, and CO2 emissions. This research underscores the importance of integrating environmental considerations into administrative processes, showing that universities can enhance environmental performance while continuing to provide quality education by combining process management with sustainability principles.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114081

MANAGING A VETERAN BUSINESS: TOPICALITY AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SOCIAL ADAPTATION OF COMBATANTS

Yuriy Bilan Halyna Mishchuk Natalia Samoliuk

Publication Name: Polish Journal of Management Studies

Publication Date: 2023-12-22

Volume: 28

Issue: 1

Page Range: 295-310

Description:

The topicality of veteran-owned business management for the post-war support of Ukrainian combatants in light of their actual and dissatisfied needs is studied. We employ the expert method with a sample of 33 representatives of the national and regional authorities, scientists, NGOs specialising in the field, volunteering organisations representing the communities from 8 Ukrainian regions with the largest number of combatants. Thus, we have ranged the needs of combatants and concluded that the need to launch (or revive) own business is one of the really urgent ones. The entrepreneurial intentions of veterans are derived from social factors rather than financial reasons. Besides, they are related to unsatisfied needs in employment. It is revealed that veteran-owned business management in Ukraine should cover the development of social responsibility regarding veterans as the most influential mechanism.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.17512/pjms.2023.28.1.17

Challenges of ecocentric sustainable development in agriculture with special regard to the internet of things (IoT), an ICT perspective

A. J. Kovács Bálint Ambrus Gergely Teschner Tarek Alahmad A. Nyéki M. Neményi

Publication Name: Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences

Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Volume: 19

Issue: 1

Page Range: 113-122

Description:

“Feed the global population and regenerate the planet.” The conditions necessary for the implementation of the above commonly used slogan did not exist 10–15 years ago. We did not have access to the information and databases that would have allowed us to increase yields for the purpose of feeding the growing population. While increasingly meeting sustainability requirements and regenerating the Earth. Anthropocentrism, the belief that humans are superior to everything else, benefits humans by exploiting human greed and ignorance, which is a dead end for both individuals and societies. Only humans can ignore the dynamic equilibrium processes of nature and disregard the consequences that adversely affect future generations. Ecocentric agricultural practices have several prerequisites. It is important for the academic sphere to recognize its significance. Another fundamental challenge is the continuous monitoring of the production unit and its close and distant environment for the purpose of decision preparation using Big Data. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a global infrastructure that represents the network of physical (sensors) and virtual (reality) “things” through interoperable communication protocols. This allows devices to connect and communicate using cloud computing and artificial intelligence, contributing to the integrated optimization of the production system and its environment, considering ecocentric perspectives. This brings us closer to the self-decision-making capability of artificial intelligence, the practice of machine-to-machine (M2M) interaction, where human involvement in decision-making is increasingly marginalized. The IoT enables the fusion of information provided by deployed wireless sensors, data-gathering mobile robots, drones, and satellites to explore complex ecological relationships in local and global dimensions. Its significance lies, for example, in the prediction of plant protection. The paper introduces small smart data logger robots, including the Unmanned Ground Vehicles (robots) developed by the research team. These can replace sensors deployed in the Wireless Sensor Net (WSN).

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/446.2023.00099

Relationships between tax communication, education and tax administration in Hungary between 2018 and 2022

Katalin Borbély Rita Anna Ambrus

Publication Name: Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowosci

Publication Date: 2023-12-18

Volume: 47

Issue: 4

Page Range: 173-190

Description:

Purpose: The objective of the study is to highlight the relevant contexts and problems of the Hungarian tax administration from the aspects of digitalisation, communication and education between 2018 and 2022. Methodology/approach: The article is based on the statements from the professional literature and analysis of secondary data from national and international authorities and institutions. The article makes several comparisons. Findings: The article shows how Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is used in tax administration in Hungary, filling the research gap. Based on the comparison, the digital development of Hungary is similar to that of the EU average. However, there are some impediments, such as the complexity of tax regulations and the numerous communication channels that exist. They could be simplified, and our proposed modifications in terms of communication and education could improve the use of ICT in the Hungarian tax system. Research limitations: The research does not provide an in–depth examination of Hungarian tax legislation and lacks any primary research. Originality/value: The article deals with some aspects of tax administration in Hungary; it describes the current situation and gives proposals for its development.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.0889

There is no plan(et) B - environmental “crossroads’ of children’s rights”

Gábor Kecskés L. U.X. Ágnes

Publication Name: Hungarian Journal of Legal Studies

Publication Date: 2023-12-14

Volume: 64

Issue: 1

Page Range: 4-31

Description:

It is an obvious statement that children are disproportionately affected by changes in their environment, due to their incomplete maturity, evolving capacities, vulnerabilities derived from their age and special developmental needs. Changes in temperature, air and water quality, and access to proper nutrition are likely to have more severe and long-term impacts on children’s health, development and well-being, since they basically determine the enjoyment of the right of the child to a healthy environment. The impacts of climate change clearly undermine the effective enjoyment of the rights enshrined in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (hereinafter: UN CRC) and its Optional Protocols, including the rights to life, survival and development (art. 6), to family relations and the right not to be separated from one’s parents against one’s will (arts. 9–10), the highest attainable standard of health (art. 24), an adequate standard of living (art. 27), education (art. 28), freedom from any form of violence or exploitation (arts. 19, 32 and 34–36), the right to recreation and play (art. 31) and the enjoyment of one’s culture (art. 30). The climate crisis has been declared as child rights crisis, although children bear the least responsibility for it. The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child has clearly identified climate change as one of the biggest threats to children’s health and has urged States Parties to put children’s health concerns at the centre of their climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies.1 Despite data and research explicitly

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/2052.2023.00440