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Effect of Waist Strap Reinforcement in Backpacks on Children Gait Parameters During Walking and Running: A Randomized Cross-Over Prospective Study

Yaodong Gu Gusztáv Fekete Yining Xu Li Huang

Publication Name: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 59

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 538-545

Description:

As academic demands increase, school-aged children and adolescents often carry heavy backpacks, impacting their posture and musculoskeletal health. This study examines how backpack carriage affects children's gait, focusing on the influence of waist strap design. In this study, twelve children underwent biomechanical tests while walking and running with and without backpacks, with weights adjusted based on daily habits. It can be found that waist strap-equipped backpacks significantly increased load response (F = 58.031, P < .001) and pre-swing phases (F = 58.031, P < .001) during both activities. In running, these backpacks also prolonged load response (F = 3.10, P = 0.004) and pre-swing phases (F = 3.10, P = 0.004). The study concludes that waist strap-equipped backpacks alter gait dynamics in children, affecting phases and contact times without impacting symmetry. This underscores the importance of waist straps in enhancing stability and reducing fatigue during backpack carriage.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/ATDE240591

Consumption Monitoring System for Demand Base Energy Supply Innovation - Prototyping EMAK (Energy Management Data Center) at ZalaZONE

Virag Meszaros Attila Balogh

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 865-870

Description:

Witnessing the importance of energy efficiency and sustainability, there is a definite need for modular, standard-component-driven, vendor-independent energy management systems. A system with real-world scenarios capable of driving practical experiences and incorporating AI enhancements would serve as a base for Energy Community platforms that can include even small energy consumers and producers. A multi-year R&D pilot project was established to create a unique Energy Community model using the industrial environment at ZalaZONE, the Hungarian Vehicle Proving Ground in Zalaegerszeg. The main novelty of the project and the study is the unique setup of parallel R&D work from the academic and practitioner's view and the unique data per second of online, real-time data collection methodology and structure. The EMAK platform uses micro transactional data processing enabled to collect, aggregate, and analyse data every second, build more efficient consumption, and balance models with machine learning enhancements. The onsite research includes three buildings (five building parts) with 200 sensors, 5 data aggregators, energy meters, internal and external heat and humidity meters, and weather stations, measuring electricity consumption, heat, humidity, wind, sun radiation, and more environmental data. That network and the backbone software set measure, aggregate, display, and monitor 867 data points, transmitting 8,600,000 data points daily. Although the project lasts till 31st December 2025, the work has already contributed to several key findings within the ecosystem.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114145

Support for universal basic income: A cross-disciplinary literature review

Gábor Szábo-Szentgróti Bence Végvári Virág Walter

Publication Name: Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Development

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 8

Issue: 10

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The technological development and the rise of artificial intelligence are driving a significant transformation of the labor market. The technological unemployment predicted by Keynes poses challenges for the global labor market that require new solutions. Basic income research has become a significant field of study, attracting attention from various disciplines such as political science, law, economics, and sociology. The aim of this paper is to explore on the basis of a literature review, what factors influence the support for basic income among the population. A systematic literature review based on the Web of Science and Scopus databases, after screening 2623 publications, identified 23 articles that contained findings relevant to the research question. A significant number of authors (12/23) analyzed data from the same source, the European Social Survey 2016 (ESS Round 8, 2020), conducted in 2016, first published in 2017 and updated several times since then. The paper shows that the study of the topic has a strong European focus. The social, economic, social and cultural diversity of European countries makes these studies important from a European and EU perspective, but from an international perspective, further research on the topic is needed.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.24294/jipd.v8i10.7486

Analysis of Drivers’ Path Follow Behaviour

Attila Borsos Ernö Horváth Gergő Ferenc Ignéczi

Publication Name: Proceedings of the International Conference on Informatics in Control Automation and Robotics

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 2

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 93-100

Description:

Lane keeping is a complex, multi-dimensional problem in terms of driving tasks. The lane-following driver models typically treat the control task as an end-to-end problem where the entire control chain is modelled as a human driver. However, the driver does not actively control the vehicle all the time, but follow a drift and compensate strategy, resulting in oscillations around their planned path. We have separated this oscillation scheme by filtering drivers’ selected offset to the centerline of the lane. It has been shown that there is a certain amount of offset error up to which drivers drift away from the planned path. At this point drivers intervene by applying torque to the steering wheel and steer the vehicle back onto the path. This type of drift and compensate strategy was modelled using Model Predictive Control (MPC) with event-based weights of its cost function. The proposed driver model calculates both the intervention point and the weights of the MPC based on real drivers’ data. As a result, the model together with the MPC can accurately plan the oscillation path of the drivers, contributing to a better understanding of how the driver tolerates offset errors.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.5220/0012889100003822

Effects of a Probiotic Supplement on the Quantity of Some Bacterial Communities in Fecal Samples of Lactating Sows

Tamás Tóth Viktor J. Vojnich Károly Tempfli Klaudia Szalai Erika Lencsés-Varga Sárvári Loretta Csilla Botond Alpár

Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 114

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 949-954

Description:

Complex adaptation strategies concerning nutrition, housing technology, and veterinary treatment are required to maintain current production levels under increasingly stringent regulations on the preventive application of antibiotics. The reduced application of antibiotics is recommended for the sustainability of industrial pig production. Probiotic supplementation may contribute to improved sow and piglet health, mitigating the need for antibiotics. The effects of probiotic supplementation on sow performance and the quantity of fecal bacterial communities in lactating sows were investigated. Experimental sows received probiotic supplementation (n=10) and were compared to control sows (n=10). Fecal samples were collected from 20 sows in the second week of lactation. The quantitative measurement of total bacteria, Prevotella genus, Lactobacillus spp., and Bifidobacterium spp. was done by qPCR. Differences in backfat thickness (BFT), BFT loss, and feed intake of control and experimental sows were not significant (p>0.05). The amount of total bacteria, Prevotella, and Lactobacillus spp. was lower (p<0.05) in the fecal samples of experimental sows. The Prevotella percentage in total bacteria decreased, whereas Bifidobacterium spp. the ratio increased in experimental supplemented sows. Overall, probiotic supplementation resulted in notable alterations regarding some of the analyzed bacterial communities.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3303/CET24114159

Induction Motor Energy Efficiency Investigation †

Istvan Szenasy Dániel Csikor

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 79

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The energy efficiency of the induction motor (IM) is extremely important in the drives of electric vehicles. The first part of the article examines the possibilities of modifying the torque and efficiency curves in order to realize high-torque work points more efficiently by modifying the motor’s impedances. Later, it analyzes the flux-dependent changes in the highly load-dependent efficiency based on the literature. The FEM-type investigations of the experimental IM development carried out at the Vehicle Industry Research Center Institute of the Széchenyi István University offer new control options for increasing the efficiency of work points with lower torque and speed as well as for modifying the examined torque curve sections.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2024079075

CBAM as a levelled playing field? Analysis of the CBAM system' economic regulatory role from the perspective of public finance and financial law

Gabriella Csűrös László Pardavi

Publication Name: Rechtskultur

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 483-498

Description:

The European Union (EU) aims to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 55% by 2030 and achieve climate neutrality by 2050, in line with the Paris Agreement. The European Green Deal (2019) and the Fit for 55 package (2021) set legislative reforms to achieve these targets. A key element is the EU Emission Trading System (EU ETS), operating since 2005. However, increasing GHG emissions from imports prompted the adoption of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to address carbon leakage and level the playing field between domestic producers (paying ETS allowances) and importers (buying CBAM certificates). The CBAM is a tariff with environmental purpose and acts as an European CO2 tax, requiring importers to pay a carbon price equivalent to the EU’s internal carbon price and encouraging CO2 emission reductions. It is an equalizing system protecting EU producers and promote global adoption of green technologies. This study examines CBAM from public finance and financial law perspective, assessing its impact on global trade flows, the economic regulatory role of customs and CBAM and its impact on public revenue. The study focuses on the economies most exposed to the CBAM and the redistribution opportunities arising from ETS and CBAM system. It evaluates CBAM’s legal framework, compatibility with tax regulations, its implementation by Member States (with a case study of Hungary) and potential international disputes and adherence to World Trade Organization (WTO) rules. For Hungary, CBAM strengthens climate strategy and competitiveness in global markets. The study highlights the need for a robust legal and regulatory framework to ensure effective CBAM implementation while minimizing negative impacts. It calls for further research and international cooperation to develop comprehensive guidelines for CBAM integration into national and global policies.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

How Perceptual Variables Influence the Behavioral Intention to Use Autonomous Vehicles †

Boglárka Eisingerné Balassa Dániel Csikor Réka Koteczki

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 79

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The rapid development of technology makes the acceptance of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in modern transport a key issue. The aim of the present research was to explore the impact of AVs on behavioral intention to use. An online survey was conducted, in which factors such as perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEU), perceived trust (PT), social influence (SI), and behavioral intention to use (BIU) were investigated. As a result of the investigation, the correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between the intention and all the factors examined. The practical utility of this research is that the results will support developers and vehicle manufacturers in understanding how different social factors influence the adoption of AVs.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2024079023

Driving Examiners’ Perceptions and Awareness of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems: A Survey-Based Analysis †

Boglárka Eisingerné Balassa Réka Koteczki

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 79

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADASs) can have a significant role in contributing to road safety. However, technological innovations are gaining user acceptance at different rates, which is a key factor for their widespread deployment. In Hungary, learning about ADASs is not part of the curriculum in driving schools. In the present research, a questionnaire survey was conducted among driving examiners to assess their level of ADAS awareness. The results show that, in general, examining officers have a positive attitude towards the technology and are quite knowledgeable about it, compared to drivers. However, education and information are also essential for them, as there are few places to obtain credible information.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2024079021