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Sustainable disaster response management related to large technical systems

Daniel Rohacs Anita Boros Sergey Kinzhikeyev József Rohács

Publication Name: Sustainability Switzerland

Publication Date: 2020-12-02

Volume: 12

Issue: 24

Page Range: 1-25

Description:

Numerous investigations assess the technical, technological, and managerial aspects of disaster response related to large technical systems. This paper deals with the possibility of synthesizing these aspects in a disaster response methodology, thus combining the technical, technological methods, tools, and software with the art of management. Its objective is to develop a preliminary methodology that supports the response management decision making processes related to earthquake-damaged large technical systems. The introduced methodology is demonstrated with the example of railway systems. It utilizes a combination of (i) a probabilistic model of railway system damage caused by earthquakes, (ii) a Markov model related to the damage and recovery phases, (iii) a probabilistic model of aftershocks, (iv) a statistical model of secondary effects, (v) impact models of management support actions, and (vi) response process management supported by a Markov Decision Process. The simulation results validate the concept. Based on these research results, the authors recommend that the described preliminary response management approach be further specified and implemented in disaster management procedures.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/su122410290

Smart economy and startup enterprises in the visegrád countries—a comparative analysis based on the crunchbase database

Szabolcs Fischer Mihály Lados Petra Kinga Kézai

Publication Name: Smart Cities

Publication Date: 2020-12-01

Volume: 3

Issue: 4

Page Range: 1477-1494

Description:

The present study seeks to explore the concept of “smart economy” through the definition of the smart city. It also presents smart city subsystems and the smart city model. It focuses on smart and creative startups within the smart city model. The research examines medium-sized cities in the Visegrád countries (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary) with a population ranging from 100,000 to 1 million inhabitants for startups. The research question is: Where are the medium-sized cities in the Visegrád countries that are both startup centers and smart cities? In the course of the research, the term “smart cities” was based on the definition set by the European Commission and the definition of startup centers was made using data analysis of the American Crunchbase database. As a result of the two studies, it can be concluded that there are no cities in the Visegrád countries with an above average level of both startup presence and smart cities.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/smartcities3040070

Characterisation and Modelling of Ultrashort Laser-Driven Electromagnetic Pulses

Christos Kamperidis Luca Volpe Massimo De Marco Valeria Ospina Mate Liszi Istvan Drotar Kwinten Nelissen Giancarlo Gatti

Publication Name: Scientific Reports

Publication Date: 2020-12-01

Volume: 10

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Recent advances on laser technology have enabled the generation of ultrashort (fs) high power (PW) laser systems. For such large scale laser facilities there is an imperative demand for high repetition rate operation in symbiosis with beamlines or end-stations. In such extreme conditions the generation of electromagnetic pulses (EMP) during high intense laser target interaction experiments can tip the scale for the good outcome of the campaign. The EMP effects are several including interference with diagnostic devices and actuators as well as damage of electrical components. The EMP issue is quite known in the picosecond (ps) pulse laser experiments but no systematic study on EMP issues at multi-Joule fs-class lasers has been conducted thus far. In this paper we report the first experimental campaign for EMP-measurements performed at the 200 TW laser system (VEGA 2) at CLPU laser center. EMP pulse energy has been measured as a function of the laser intensity and energy together with other relevant quantities such as (i) the charge of the laser-driven protons and their maximum energy, as well as (ii) the X-ray Kα emission coming from electron interaction inside the target. Analysis of experimental results demonstrate (and confirm) a direct correlation between the measured EMP pulse energy and the laser parameters such as laser intensity and laser energy in the ultrashort pulse duration regime. Numerical FEM (Finite Element Method) simulations of the EMP generated by the target holder system have been performed and the simulations results are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental ones.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59882-8

Past-present-future in hungarian soil analyses

Csaba Centeri Renato Kalocsai Márton Vona Viktoria Vona István Mihály Kulmány István Attila Bakos Zsolt Giczi

Publication Name: Agrokemia Es Talajtan

Publication Date: 2020-12-01

Volume: 69

Issue: 1

Page Range: 127-151

Description:

The purpose of the present paper isAuthors aim was to deliver a compilation of to summarize the Hungarian soil analysies methods and theas well as to present the advisory system for nutrient management advisory system. Both of them are based on several decades of work. We need to should learn from these past experiences of reasonable and good agricultural practices. We can only apply the present and future results of soil science and find out what direction should we develop, if we were aware of the results of the past and we calculate with their governing effects. The majority of our recent methods are based on historical researches and the present current statesituation of our field of scientific fieldce can only be judged and developed further if we knew the former history of the methodological findings. The recent Hungarian soil analysis system provides useful results that can be used very well today, however, the adaptation of the new international methods, learned from the follow-up of the international trends can might provide open new perspectives in for the Hungarian laboratory analyses methodology. TThe subject is extremely timely because there are hea never- met demand for cost and time effective, environmentally friendly soil analysis methods underpin how actual and hot the topic is. nowadays.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/0088.2020.00061

Blockchain Technology in the Food Industry: A Review of Potentials, Challenges and Future Research Directions

Horst Treiblmaier Suhaiza Zailani John G. Keogh Abderahman Rejeb Karim Rejeb

Publication Name: Logistics

Publication Date: 2020-12-01

Volume: 4

Issue: 4

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising technology with far-reaching implications for the food industry. The combination of immutability, enhanced visibility, transparency and data integrity provides numerous benefits that improve trust in extended food supply chains (FSCs). Blockchain can enhance traceability, enable more efficient recall and aids in risk reduction of counterfeits and other forms of illicit trade. Moreover, blockchain can enhance the integrity of credence claims such as sustainably sourced, organic or faith-based claims such as kosher or halal by integrating the authoritative source of the claim (e.g., the certification body or certification owner) into the blockchain to verify the claim integrity and reassure business customers and end consumers. Despite the promises and market hype, a comprehensive overview of the potential benefits and challenges of blockchain in FSCs is still missing. To bridge this knowledge gap, we present the findings from a systematic review and bibliometric analysis of sixty-one (61) journal articles and synthesize existing research. The main benefits of blockchain technology in FCSs are improved food traceability, enhanced collaboration, operational efficiencies and streamlined food trading processes. Potential challenges include technical, organizational and regulatory issues. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our research and present several ideas for future research.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/logistics4040027

Internet of Things research in supply chain management and logistics: A bibliometric analysis

Horst Treiblmaier Suhaiza Zailani Abderahman Rejeb Karim Rejeb Steve Simske

Publication Name: Internet of Things Netherlands

Publication Date: 2020-12-01

Volume: 12

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study reviews Internet of Things (IoT) research in supply chain management (SCM) and logistics. A thorough review and bibliometric analysis were conducted to analytically and objectively unearth the knowledge development in IoT research within the context of SCM and logistics. The analysis started with the selection of 807 journal articles published over a two-decade period. Then, the articles were analyzed according to bibliometric parameters such as year of publication, sources, authors, and institutions. A keyword co-occurrence network was used to cluster the pertinent literature. Results of the review and bibliometric analysis reveal that IoT research has attracted significant attention from the SCM and logistics community. Three leading journals published widely on IoT and the fifteen most productive authors are identified. Based on the keyword co-occurrence clustering, the IoT literature in SCM and logistics is focalized on RFID technology, Industry 4.0 technologies, reverse logistics, and additionally covers various industries, such as the food, retailing, construction, and the pharmaceutical sector. The study provides researchers with a better understanding of IoT research in SCM and logistics and existing knowledge gaps for further research. Practitioners may benefit from the review to keep abreast of the current discussions and applications of IoT in diverse industrial sectors. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the current review is one of the few attempts to investigate IoT research in SCM and logistics using a comprehensive set of articles published during the past two decades.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.iot.2020.100318

In defense of moral liberalism

John Ryder

Publication Name: Pragmatism Today

Publication Date: 2020-12-01

Volume: 11

Issue: 2

Page Range: 13-24

Description:

Though it is much maligned, liberalism remains a vital component of any viable political and social condition. This claim can be defended, though, only once the confusions concerning the meanings of liberalism are resolved. This can be done by considering the primary contemporary challenges to liberalism, of which there are five: populist nationalism, authoritarianism, elitism, traditionalism, and moral absolutism. Each of these, though in differing ways and some more than others, are sources of illiberalism. To appreciate the meaning and import of what is here called moral liberalism, it is valuable to clarify the nature of the challenges to it and the reasons we have to prefer moral liberalism over any of its illiberal alternatives. In the end, moral liberalism may serve as a viable grounding for contemporary societies and states only in so far as it rests, not on commonly held ideas or consensus, but on the recognition of the many interests that members of groups and societies hold in common.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Perception of multilevel factors for entrepreneurial innovation success: A survey of university students

Tibor Dory Balázs Borsi

Publication Name: Acta Oeconomica

Publication Date: 2020-12-01

Volume: 70

Issue: 4

Page Range: 615-632

Description:

Entrepreneurial innovation is a complex phenomenon. Experimenting with research designs that could claim some degree of generalizable linking between the individual and external influencing factors is challenging. However, progress even in research niches can contribute to a more structured understanding of the process. This article focuses on the first stages of entrepreneurial innovation, using a novel questionnaire design. Responses were collected from two Hungarian universities (147 and 127 responses, respectively) and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling. The results confirm that entrepreneurial innovation success in the early stage is shaped by macro-level factors, which have an influence on risk perception through locus of control. The paper makes two contributions, demonstrating (1) the possibility of using questionnaire survey for analysing multiple levels if the narrative is under control, and (2) how individual entrepreneurs approach the start of their innovation-based business, upon which personality and environmental factors both have significant impact.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/032.2020.00039

Scheduling approach for on-site jobs of service providers

Máté Hegyháti Olivér Osz Tibor Holczinger

Publication Name: Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal

Publication Date: 2020-12-01

Volume: 32

Issue: 4

Page Range: 913-948

Description:

Nowadays the successful operation of a company is unimaginable without fast and reliable communication. As a result, so-called Communication Service Providers play an important role in today’s business life. Their orders have to be carried out promptly and dependably, let them be requests for new installations, modifications, or maintenance tasks. These orders have to be performed at different locations and they often have deadlines or strict starting times. Violating such a timing requirement usually implies penalties. In this paper, scheduling problems arising at a Hungarian service provider are examined. At this company, orders are decomposed into smaller tasks, which can be performed by specially trained personnel. Transportation of these specialists contributes a lot to the costs and to the complexity of their scheduling, as well. The goal is to minimize the overall cost of satisfying all orders within the given time horizon with the available assets of the company. The proposed approach relies on the S-graph framework, which has been applied to various production scheduling problems in the literature. In addition to an unambiguous and sound S-graph model of the examined problem, slight modifications of the scheduling algorithms for cost minimization, and new bounding methods have been developed. Several of such bounds have been provided and tested for performance and scalability over a large number of generated examples. The sensitivity of the approach for certain problem features has also been examined.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s10696-019-09359-2