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Found 6289 publications

Banking applications of FCM models

Miklós F. Hatwágner Gyula Vastag L. T. Kóczy Vesa A. Niskanen

Publication Name: Studies in Computational Intelligence

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: 796

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 61-72

Description:

Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCMs) is an appropriate tool to describe, qualitatively analyze or simulate the behavior of complex systems. FCMs are bipolar fuzzy graphs: their building blocks are the concepts and the arcs. Concepts represent the most important components of the system, the weighted arcs define the strength and direction of cause-effect relationships among them. FCMs are created by experts in several cases. Despite the best intention the models may contain subjective information even if it was created by multiple experts. An inaccurate model may lead to misleading results, therefore it should be further analyzed before usage. Our method is able to automatically modify the connection weights and to test the effect of these changes. This way the hidden behavior of the model and the most influencing concepts can be mapped. Using the results the experts may modify the original model in order to achieve their goal. In this paper the internal operation of a department of a bank is modeled by FCM. The authors show how the modification of the connection weights affect the operation of the institute. This way it is easier to understand the working of the bank, and the most threatening dangers of the system getting into an unstable (chaotic or cyclic state) can be identified and timely preparations become possible.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-00485-9_7

Some considerations on data mining from questionnaires by constructing fuzzy signatures based on factor analysis

Dalia Susniene Ojaras Purvinis L. T. Kóczy

Publication Name: Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: 36

Issue: 4

Page Range: 3739-3749

Description:

To interpret and to process the answers to questionnaires with large amount of questions may be not easy task. They are multidimensional data, sometimes with high dimensionality (in the hundreds). Therefore, it is necessary that some data reduction approach should be employed. On the other hand, answers to specific questions in questionnaires are imprecise, and the type and degree of imprecision is determined by the kind of the questions. The authors of the paper consider the imprecise answers to management type questions using a numerical scale as fuzzy degrees, and based on the semantic connections among the individual questions, a hierarchical structure is assumed. The paper suggests the use of factor analysis in order to determine this hierarchical structure, and thus the construction of fuzzy signatures from the tree graph representing the connections among the questions and answers, and the values normalized into membership degrees are assigned to the leaves of this tree. An interesting issue is how to determine the aggregations at the intermediate nodes. This may happen based on management science domain expert knowledge, and validated by the obtained results. Kohonen maps are used to demonstrate the clusters emerging among the overall fuzzy degrees representing the Fuzzy Signatures. The evaluation brings some results that partly confirm soft science based assumptions about employee behavior in the literature, and partly bring some interesting novel recognitions that may be brought in feedback to the original management science related problem, where the new method is illustrated.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/JIFS-18548

Determining the dwell time constraint for switched H∞ filters

András Edelmayer Zsolt Horváth

Publication Name: Przeglad Elektrotechniczny

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: 95

Issue: 1

Page Range: 7-11

Description:

This paper presents an algorithm for determining the minimum dwell time constraint for switched linear H∞ fault detection filters. When applying switched systems, ensuring the stability is a crucial part, which can be guaranteed, when we switch slowly enough between the subsystems, more precisely the intervals between two consecutive switching, called dwell time, are large enough. The problem formulation is based on multiple Lyapunov functions and is expressed through a special form of linear matrix inequities (LMIs), which include a nonlinear term with the dwell time. This represents a multivariable time dependent optimization problem. To solve this special formulated LMIs, we propose an algorithm, called Td-iteration, which is a combination of the procedure of interval halving with an LMI solver. The results of the illustrative example suggest further benefits.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.15199/48.2019.03.03

Terrorism with a «woman’s appearance»: Economic background and legal tools for forming a counteracting strategy

Eszter Lukács Roman Myroniuk Oksana Lehka Stanislava Myroniuk

Publication Name: Economic Annals Xxi

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: 177

Issue: 5-6

Page Range: 34-43

Description:

The authors have researched the phenomenon of female terrorism in the area of rational choice and economic benefit. Popular quotations «qui prodesse» and «сherchez la femme» are combined from these positions in the non-standard authors’ approach to understanding the motivational factors underlying extremist movements. It has been proved that the increase in the number of women in the ranks of terrorists is largely due to the so-called economic benefit factor for the terrorist acts organisers. The actions of a suicide bomber, in the broad sense, are predominantly based on a rational basis: the achievement of the last personal good - identity. The article presents the transformation of female terrorism in the historical perspective; actual conflicts and contradictions in international law and national legal systems, as well as false social attitudes and stereotypes complicating the fight against this dangerous social phenomenon. Data obtained from the social networks allows concluding that hundreds of women are now fighting in the ranks of militants in the East of Ukraine. At the beginning of the conflict, many of them hid their faces on personal pages on the Internet, hiding from their relatives a fact that they are hired killers. At the moment, most of them are proud of their participation in extremist groups, post their photos with weapons. Suicide terrorism of Muslim women and crimes committed by female militants in the East of Ukraine have one thing in common - the preparation and use of women as a living «weapon» by the extremist groups is cheaper either in terms of financial investments and costs for psychological brainwashing and military training. Based on the analytical data and identified patterns, we have argued the strategic directions of counteraction to female terrorism and have proved the following: mankind will be able to break this danger on the condition of a new, free of stereotypes way of thinking and coordinated efforts of the world community in all spheres of social life including economic, legal, socio- and cultural ones.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.21003/ea.v177-03

The effect of social rehabilitation on the urban segregations

Dávid Fekete Tímea Laczkovits-Takács

Publication Name: Deturope

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: 11

Issue: 2

Page Range: 143-168

Description:

The remarkable social urban rehabilitation effort of the Gyor Municipality which has recently been implemented and is currently in progress led to the considerable development of Gyor-Újváros, not only in the renewal of the actual built environment but also in the social improvement of the inhabitants. In our study we will look at the Gyor urban development project in three dimensions. First we explore its feasibility. Why is it Újváros that needed rehabilitation? Strategic documents and relating statistics prove the choice feasible: it is the place where the most significant segregation can be found in Gyor that needed intervention. Secondly, we analyse the intervention of the urban development. What were the changes, how did they affect the built heritage and the social status of the inhabitants of the area? Based on the available documents and reports we can state that significant results were achieved both concerning the built heritage and social adjustment and development. In the framework of empiric research, we examine through comparative analysis the conditions before and after the rehabilitation taking into consideration two aspects (modification of hard infrastructure and the modification of the soft factors) and 7 allocated indicators (I.1. Number of flats, I2 Number of businesses, I3. Level of convenience, I4. Surface area of the flats, I5. Rent prices, I6. Applicants receiving regular support, I7. Applicant receiving temporary support). Data are available partly from the feasibility study and partly from the data services of the Gyor Municipality. Result show that regarding several factors, rehabilitation had a positive effect in the neighbourhood. As a result of the rehabilitation the built environment has gone through significant improvement in case of six blocks of flats. The number of businesses for rent has increased, the convenience level of flats has changed positively too, as all flats have all modern conveniences and in most cases the surface area has also risen, thus providing better housing. Parallel to this the social status of the inhabitants living in this area has also improved as both the regular and temporary applicant receiving support has dropped significantly. Due to rehabilitation the rents have tripled after renovation which can be put down to the significant rise in standards.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.32725/det.2019.020

On the antecedent sets for fuzzy classification of colorectal polyps with stabilized KH interpolation

Ferenc Lilik L. T. Kóczy Szilvia Nagy

Publication Name: Studies in Computational Intelligence

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: 796

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 23-33

Description:

Polyps in the colorectal part of the bowel appear often, and in many cases these polyps can develop into malign lesions, such as cancer. Colonoscopy is the most efficient way to study the inner surface of the colorectum, and doctors usually are able to detect polyps on a motion picture diagnostic session. However, it is useful to have an automated tool that can help drawing attention to given parts of the image, and later a method for classification the polyps can also be developed. Statistical properties of the colour channels of the images are used as antecedents for a fuzzy decision system, together with edge densities and Renyi entropies-based structural entropy. However promising the processed images are, the variation in the preparation of the diagnosis as well as the practice of the operating personnel can lead to images with significantly different noise and distortion level, thus detecting the polyp can be complicated. In the following considerations image groups are presented that have similarities from the polyp detection point of view, and those type of images are also given, which can spoil a well prepared detecting system.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-00485-9_3

Fiscal council: European model or new global standard?

Laszlo Vasa Csaba Lentner András Póra András Bethlendi

Publication Name: Journal of International Studies

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: 12

Issue: 4

Page Range: 32-51

Description:

The great recession of 2008 caused fiscal crises in several countries. This phenomenon highlighted the relevance of the problem of fiscal alcoholism and excessive sovereign debt. Nowadays rules-based fiscal policies have become more and more widespread to limit indebtedness. This article explores one of the most important elements of rules-based systems: the fiscal council. The key question imposed was: is it mostly a European phenomenon, or rather a global standard? As a method, we employed descriptive statistics, then a hierarchical cluster analysis, based on the data of the IMF Fiscal Council Dataset. In conclusion, two separated groups were formed: an EU and a non-EU cluster with some outliers, thus our working hypothesis was underpinned. Our results have thus contributed to the literature and advanced the case that in the last ten years the increased number of fiscal councils can be attributed to international (European) regulations or internal political issues rather than actual enhancements of fiscal prudence.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.14254/2071-8330.2019/12-4/3

Preface

Robert Fullér Francesco Masulli Silvio Giove

Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: 11291 LNAI

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: V

Description:

No description provided

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Statistical Analysis of the Performance of the State-of-the-Art Methods for Solving TSP Variants

Peter Foldesi Boldizsar Tuu-Szabo L. T. Kóczy

Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume: 11909 LNAI

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 255-262

Description:

In this paper we analyze the efficiency of the state-of-the-art methods for solving two TSP variants, the Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows and one-commodity Pickup-and-Delivery Traveling Salesman Problem. Three models (polynomial, exponential, square-root exponential) were fitted to the mean run times of each method. The parameters of the curves, the R2-values and the RMSE values were compared.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33709-4_23