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What are cultural metaphors?

Judit Baranyiné Kóczy

Publication Name: Magyar Nyelvor

Publication Date: 2017-01-01

Volume: 141

Issue: 4

Page Range: 404-425

Description:

One of the central issues in metaphor research is the interrelation of metaphors and cultural experience (Gibbs 2017; Kövecses 2005a, 2015; Sharifian 2011). As part of that research agenda, the notion of cultural metaphor has become one of the major categories of cultural linguistics (Sharifian 2011, to appear). The multidisciplinary theoretical framework interprets cultural metaphors within the set of cultural conceptualisations whose common trait is that they are rooted in a system of values and principles characteristic of a community. The aim of this paper is to outline the notion of cultural metaphor, and present its most important characteristics and dimensions of study in a cultural linguistic framework. First, its close connection is introduced with cultural schemas (including emotional schemas and event schemas) and cultural categories, and then it is argued that individual cultural metaphors cannot be taken to be elaborations of a more generic conceptual metaphor (Kövecses 2005ab). Next, it is discussed how source domains and target domains can be brought to bear on cultural cognition. Finally, metaphor preference (Benczes & Ságvári to appear) is discussed as an instance, broadly construed, of cultural metaphors. It is argued that, albeit cultural metaphors are of a conceptual nature, their conceptual structure is largely determined by cultural experience, hence their analysis primarily targets experiences and suppositions that make them culturally decisive. The theoretical claims of the paper are illustrated by cultural metaphors taken from Hungarian folk songs, along with examples borrowed from the relevant literature (Yu 2017; Yu-Jia 2016).

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Immigration and competitiveness - some methodological questions

Tünde Patay

Publication Name: Deturope

Publication Date: 2017-01-01

Volume: 9

Issue: 3

Page Range: 207-220

Description:

Immigrants can contribute significantly to the economic and social development of regions or urban areas. Some key figures on migration are thus traditionally used in studies on local development. Beyond the usual description of migratory movements, two research fields are often in the centre of controversies, namely the labour market and the inclusion of immigrants. Comparing the European regions, the phases of urban development as well as the relevant internal and external factors present a mixed picture in Europe. At the same time, the dynamics of migratory movements and the reactions of national and subnational policies also vary. The Member States of the European Union aim to harmonise their definitions and data on migration issues, however, the daily practice leads us to the questions of reliability and comparability of migration statistics; and the interdisciplinary character of migration research offers the use of variable research methods. The aim of this study, as a part of a presentation at a conference on urban development, is to describe some key methodological issues of migration research exploring the typical questions. The first part of the paper calls attention to the importance of data quality, processing and interpretation, describing the research methods mainly used in studies on immigration. The second part summarizes the significance of immigration in regional competitiveness, pointing out the possible "stumbling stones" in the relevant migration studies. Some of these factors, the areas that are mainly in the centre of scientific and political debates, are discussed in this paper, namely the labour market challenges and issues relating to the different aspects of segregation.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.32725/det.2017.030

Fast meshless techniques based on the regularized method of fundamental solutions

Csaba Gáspár

Publication Name: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics

Publication Date: 2017-01-01

Volume: 10187 LNCS

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 334-341

Description:

A regularized method of fundamental solutions is presented. The method can handle Neumann and mixed boundary conditions as well without using a desingularization technique. Instead, the approach combines the regularized method of fundamental solutions with traditional finite difference techniques based on some inner collocation points located in the vicinity of the boundary collocation points. Nevertheless, the resulting method remains meshless. The method avoids the problem of singularity and can be embedded in a natural multi-level context. The method is illustrated via a numerical example.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57099-0_36

Preface

Janusz Kacprzyk Piotr Kulczycki Radko Mesiar L. T. Kóczy

Publication Name: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

Publication Date: 2017-01-01

Volume: 462

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: v-vi

Description:

No description provided

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Spread of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia l.) on arable land in the Žitný ostrov

Tomáš Vereš Gyula Pinke Anikó Farkas Zsolt Domonkos Veronika Szigeti Szabó Péter Reisinger Peter Tóth

Publication Name: Journal of Central European Agriculture

Publication Date: 2017-01-01

Volume: 18

Issue: 1

Page Range: 29-41

Description:

Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) is an invasive alien species indigenous to North America. Ragweed is a big threat to agriculture and has a serious impact on human health. The most important area with ragweed occurrence within Europe is Pannonian Plain in Central Europe. This research introduces for the first time the unique, direct broad-scale survey of A. artemisiifolia in relation to real-life occurrence and infestation in the field. To understand the distribution of ragweed in the territory the geospatial analysis was applied to create 2D map in ArcGIS environment. The field survey was undertaken during summer 2014 in the Žitný ostrov (Slovakia). The investigation revealed that spatial occurrence of A. artemisiifolia is not homogeneous and there is also striking territorial heterogeneity of infestation rate. Ragweed was observed at 80 (47.2%) out of 169 sites. The infestation of arable land (mostly stubbles) varied from weak infestation, 24 sites (1-30 plants*10 m-2) to heavy infestation, 26 sites (˃80 plants*10 m-2). The research on associated plant communities was also carried out. Stubble field’s vegetation was found to be highly species poor, on an average only 2.5 species*10 m-2. Among 40 recorded species the most frequent (noticed at 25% sites) were Datura stramonium, Chenopodium album, and Mercurialis annua. This broad-scale survey provides an overview and useful information on considerations needed to make decisions about ragweed control and potential future expansion. The presented study offers also inventory of ragweed frequency over the large area.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.5513/JCEA01/18.1.1863

Land-use zone estimation in public transport planning with data mining

Richard Horvath Balázs Horváth Viktor Nagy

Publication Name: Transportation Research Procedia

Publication Date: 2017-01-01

Volume: 27

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 1050-1057

Description:

Nowadays, data sets are spreading continually, generated by different devices and systems. The modern GPS based tracking systems and the electronic tickets are producing lots of data, and we could use them, for improving the service level. These data are processable with the modern devices and methods, and we can use them for obtaining information. Thanks to the spread of data mining, these tools are not appearing only in marketing research, but also in the most various kind of scientific areas and they are advertising a new scientific revolution. Although the importance of these data sources is essential it is not widespread in transport planning except in some specific areas. The smart card systems store the number of boarding passengers and in some cases also the alighting values. From the passengers' boarding and alighting information in a stop point we can create a time series, which shows the behavior type of the given stop points presented on graphic curves. With the help of different clustering and classification processes, these curves can be turned into groups and we can observe these groups of stop points which are defining separated zones. This is the basic step in transport modelling and the zones were determined by manual methods usually. In this paper we examine clustering and classification methods compared to each other and check the usability of different distance measurement techniques. This paper shows the usage of these methods in public transportation and presents the background of this kind of zone distribution technic.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.trpro.2017.12.145

Modeling of railway transition zones under dynamic loading

Edina Koch Péter Hudacsek

Publication Name: Icsmge 2017 19th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering

Publication Date: 2017-01-01

Volume: 2017-September

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 1369-1372

Description:

Transition zones of railway tracks are intended to provide a smooth transition of the riding train, minimizing the effect of the discontinuities that exist along the track. When a train rides from an embankment onto a stiff structure, such as a bridge, tunnel or culvert, an abrupt change in the support stiffness occurs possibly inducing differential settlements. This in long term can yield to the degradation of the tracks and foundations in the transition zones. The differential settlement is especially problematic for high speed rail infrastructure as the "bump" at the transition is accentuated at high speeds. A number of techniques have been proposed or implemented to provide gradual stiffness transition at the problem zones, such as methods to ensure gradually changing pad stiffness, application of long sleepers or installation of auxiliary rails in the transition zone. The problems associated with the transition zones require a complex analysis. For efficient modeling of the mechanisms resulting in gradual line deteriorations in the transition zones the understanding of the 3D and dynamic effects associated with the problem seems to be essential. To enhance our understanding regarding the problem a 3D numerical model has been developed and presented for time domain analysis.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Modeling of soil-stucture interaction in bridge design

János Szép Róbert Szepesházi

Publication Name: Icsmge 2017 19th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering

Publication Date: 2017-01-01

Volume: 2017-September

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 859-862

Description:

In bridge design use of integrated models for analysing of substructure (including foundation) and subsoil together with superstructure is quite rare, a separated approach using two interconnected models is more often. In this paper we present methods to use in structural modeling for modeling substructure, foundation and soil with emphasis on piles. In the simplest method prescribed displacements are applied on rigid supports to represent all the effects of pile foundation and surrounding soil. An advanced approach is the use of springs for modelling their complex response. Some designers include the piles in the superstructure model too, and require spring parameters for modeling the soil beside each pile element. We present how to determine spring characteristics for these approaches based on traditional analytical geotechnical consideration or force-displament curves measured or simulated. Another probably a better way could be to represent the entire support response in the superstructure modeling, especially in the case of abutments. The complex interactions can be analysed only by advanced geotechnical FEM modeling and the results can be used for deriving of simplified spring parameters as shown in this paper.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

Intelligent decision support technologies in public and individual transport

Agoston Winkler Balázs Horváth

Publication Name: Intelligent Decision Technologies

Publication Date: 2017-01-01

Volume: 11

Issue: 4

Page Range: 441-449

Description:

Intelligent decision technologies can support travelling as well as planning transport systems. Trip makers have to choose between transport modes and then plan the optimal route which depends on many factors e.g. journey time, walking distances, transfers, waiting times, price of the journey as well as the individual preferences of the trip maker. This paper gives an overview of decisions in both individual and public transport. Then it shows some examples how intelligent cognitive info-communications can support these decisions and how they can be built into passenger information services.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3233/IDT-170307