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Publications - 6383

Who gets to use ChatGPT? A global study on digital access and inequality in higher education

Andrea Bencsik Szonja Jenei Szilvia Módosné Szalai

Publication Name: Social Sciences and Humanities Open

Publication Date: 2026-06-01

Volume: 13

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

This study examines how national-level digital development – measured by the ICT Development Index (IDI) – affects university students’ use of ChatGPT. Special emphasis is placed on mediating factors that may influence this relationship, including technical access, institutional and linguistic support, and individual background characteristics, particularly in relation to educational equity and sustainability (SDG 4). The analysis is based on survey data from 20,242 students across 58 countries and applies multivariate statistical methods, including logistic regression, PLS-SEM modeling, and cluster analysis. The results indicate that students in countries with higher IDI scores are more likely to use ChatGPT, primarily because of more advanced digital competencies and greater technological access. The country of study proved to be a stronger predictor than citizenship, underscoring the key role of the local educational environment. Functional access emerged as the most decisive mediating factor, while institutional and linguistic support had a more indirect effect on usage. Cluster analysis identified three distinct student profiles and highlighted that a high level of digital infrastructure alone does not ensure the widespread adoption of generative AI tools. The study proposes a multi-level interpretive framework: at the macro level, national digital infrastructure; at the meso level, institutional and linguistic support; and at the micro level, individual characteristics – connected by functional access as a mediating dimension. This context-sensitive approach contributes to a more comprehensive and practice-oriented understanding of digital inequalities and the integration of generative AI in higher education, offering guidance for promoting inclusive and sustainable technology use.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2026.102479

Bacterial Memetic Algorithms for Order Picking Routing Problem with Loading Constraints

János Botzheim Tamás Bódis

Publication Name: Expert Systems with Applications

Publication Date: 2018-09-01

Volume: 105

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 196-220

Description:

Order picking is the most labour and capital intensive warehousing operation whose primary development field is routing optimisation due to its time consuming nature. The Order Picking Routing Problem is a special case of the vehicle routing problem with loading constraints, when the operator visits picking positions and collects items to build transport unit. Where the stacking and stability challenges are relevant during the picking of ordered items and exact routing algorithms are not available, the order picking operators have huge challenges to sequence the order picking list. They should take into consideration several factors by themselves, such as product properties, order picking list characteristics, and order picking system properties. The goal of the proposed research is to support the order picking operators in order to make more objective decisions in decreasing the order picking lead time, building stable transport units, and avoiding product damages, when industrially relevant, but rarely discussed, order picking sequencing based on stacking property is necessary. The paper defines the Order Picking Routing Problem based on Pallet Loading Feature (OPRP-PLF) and presents Bacterial Memetic Algorithm (BMA) based solutions for it, which is compared to Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithms. BMA has already been applied for Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) but never used for the defined OPRP-PLF. The paper describes several BMA operators, most of them have an alternative which can be completed with SA based decisions. Using the BMA operators with SA methodology is a novelty of the proposed algorithms, which might support a quicker approximation to the global optimum. The possible combination of BMA operators will be evaluated with shorter and longer order picking lists and compared to SA algorithms on the same basis. The simulation results highlight, that allowing unit load reconstruction could decrease the order picking lead time and the developed BMA algorithms are more effective for OPRP-PLF than the SA algorithms. The paper concludes that the SA combined BMA operators are more effective than the SA-less operators in the case of shorter (less than about 20 records) order picking lists. While the shorter lists are the most commonly occurring order picking lists of warehouses, the SA combined BMA operators can increase the effectiveness of the OPRP-PLF optimisation.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2018.03.043

Drivers of species composition in arable-weed communities of the Austrian–Hungarian borderland region: What is the role of the country?

Gábor Koltai Bálint Czúcz Ákos Bede-Fazekas Gyula Pinke A. Vér Gerhard Schlögl Krisztina Réder Zoltán Botta-Dukát

Publication Name: Applied Vegetation Science

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 27

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Questions: Due to their high ecological and agronomical variability, borderland regions offer an excellent opportunity to study assembly patterns. In this study we compared the influence of various factors on summer annual weed communities consisting of both native and introduced species. Location: The borderland region of Austria and Hungary. Methods: We assessed the abundance of weed species in 300 fields of six summer annual crops, and collected information on 26 background variables for each plot. We applied redundancy analysis (RDA) to estimate multivariate species responses and variation partitioning to compare the relative importance of three groups of variables (environmental variables, management variables, and country as a singleton group), and we also checked for statistical association between country and the predictors of the other two groups. Results: The full RDA model explained 22.02% of the variance in weed species composition. Variation partitioning showed that environment and management had similarly high (~8%) influence on weeds, while country had a modest yet substantial (~1%) effect, and there was relatively little overlap between the variance attributable to the three groups. Comparing the individual variables, country ranked third (after preceding crop, and actual crop). The effects of 15 further variables were also significant, including seven management, and seven environmental variables, as well as the location of the sampling plots within the fields. Comparisons between the countries showed that farming type, preceding crops, tillage system, tillage depth and field size were significantly different between the countries. Conclusions: Country exhibited a small but significant influence on weed community composition, which could not be explained with easily accessible management and environmental variables. This suggests that the distinct historical agronomical background of the two countries, possibly involving some legacies of the former Iron Curtain period, still has an impact on the weed species composition of arable fields.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1111/avsc.12764

The Western Sahara Fiasco of 1899: Thwarted Colonial Aspirations of the Austro-Hungarian Empire on the African Continent

János Besenyő Adam Mayer

Publication Name: History in Africa

Publication Date: 2026-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Spain in 1898–99 intended to lease “its” West African colony, Rio de Oro, today’s Western Sahara, to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. This article presents new archival evidence in order to show why this initiative was thwarted. The authors conclude that the AustroHungarian Empire failed to acquire colonies in Western Sahara and elsewhere due to the lack of appropriate means, opportunities, and also the internal Hungarian resistance; coupled with the risk averse nature of local entrepreneurial circles and the state apparatus.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1017/hia.2025.10009

The role of digital twin in a cyber-physical production environment with prescriptive learning

András Pfeiffer János Jósvai Norbert Szántó Gergő Monek

Publication Name: 17th International Conference on Modeling and Applied Simulation Mas 2018

Publication Date: 2018-01-01

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 180-184

Description:

In this paper, we introduce the establishing of digital twins for cyber-physical production systems. Using industrial PLC network and a discrete event simulation tool a live and interactive connection is made between the physical and cyber world. Based on this achievement a modified proactive framework with prescriptive simulation will be presented.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: DOI not available

The Impact of Vanadium Oxide Cocatalysts on the Photocatalytic Performance of Strontium Titanates

Zsolt Pap Csaba Bús Árpád Turcsányi Áron Ágoston Szabolcs Kocsis Szurke Lilla Szalma Kadosa Sajdik Karolina Solymos Szabolcs Kocsis Szürke Ákos Kukovecz Zoltán Kónya

Publication Name: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Publication Date: 2026-06-01

Volume: 27

Issue: 11

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The photocatalytic activity of semiconductors can be tuned by changing their morphological or structural properties. However, a simpler and direct method is the introduction of a cocatalyst, for example V2O5 or V2O5/V4O9. In the present work, this was the cocatalyst added to SrTiO3. The deposition method was directed in such a way that the cocatalyst did not cover the surface of the SrTiO3 completely. This way, the photocatalytic process (phenol conversion) takes place at the surface of the main catalyst, while the lifetime of the generated charge carriers is increased through electron trapping via the presence of vanadium oxides. The V2O5/V4O9 cocatalyst influences the recombination processes of excited electrons in SrTiO3 by modifying the near-surface defects of SrTiO3, and it can efficiently capture electrons due to the formed heterojunction. The V4O9 content enables efficient electron transfer, as its structure can accommodate V4+ in addition to V5+. Therefore, a mixed-phase semiconductor is more suitable as a cocatalyst than a single-phase semiconductor. In this work, the photocatalytic activity of SrTiO3 was investigated in the presence of V2O5 (0–20 wt.%). It was found that all the samples that contained the cocatalyst showed higher photocatalytic activity than the unmodified SrTiO3. The sample containing 10 wt.% of cocatalyst performed ~5.4 times better than pristine SrTiO3 (35.87 µmolphenol/gcatalyst, vs. 7.74 µmolphenol/gcatalyst). This sample also contains a relatively high amount of V4O9 compared to the other samples, in addition to V2O5, which may be the main reason for the enhanced photocatalytic performance.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/ijms27114889

Network Optimization Aspects of Autonomous Vehicles: Challenges and Future Directions

Tamás Budai Erno Horváth Akos Kovacs Miklos Unger Rudolf Krecht Nobert Marko

Publication Name: IEEE Network

Publication Date: 2023-07-01

Volume: 37

Issue: 4

Page Range: 282-288

Description:

Global megatrends, such as urbanization, population growth, and emerging network solutions are accelerating the development of the Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) industry. There are many truths, some misconceptions, and even some excitement about CAVs in the public's opinion. The main objective of the current article is to provide a comprehensive review, eliminate misconceptions, and outline the future of the network optimization aspects of autonomous vehicles by presenting various multidisciplinary methods, such as cooperative perception. Given our extensive experience with CAVs, we are aiming to share some of the insights and knowledge we have gained, along with relevant use-cases and experiment results.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/MNET.007.2300023

Cultural and Sex-Related Differences in Free-Word Associations with “Sweets”: A Multinational Online Study

Ricardo De La Vega Angéla Somogyi Réka Erika Kovács Nicole Avena Attila Szabo

Publication Name: Nutrients

Publication Date: 2026-06-01

Volume: 18

Issue: 11

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Background: Free-word association (FWA) captures the most accessible lexical responses to a stimulus, providing a window into automatic cognitive representations of food categories that may differ across cultures and between sexes. Objectives: To examine whether the dominant cognitive associations evoked by the word “sweets” differ across three language groups (Hungarian, English, Spanish), whether they vary by sex, and whether they relate to body mass index (BMI) and self-reported eating disorder risk. Methods: A total of 1349 participants completed an online survey including a single FWA prompt. Responses were classified into 10 semantic categories and analyzed using chi-square tests. Effect sizes (Cramér’s V) were reported for all tests. Height and weight were converted to uniform metric units, and BMI was calculated. Results: The association profile differed significantly across language groups (χ2[18] = 210.05, p < 0.001, V = 0.28). Chocolate dominated Hungarian responses, while Baked goods/Desserts and Sugar/Candy dominated English, and Positive emotion and Baked goods/Desserts predominated among Spanish speakers. Sex differences were significant overall (χ2[9] = 43.72, p < 0.001, V = 0.18). BMI distributions differed markedly across nations (χ2[6] = 157.17, p < 0.001, V = 0.26), and sweets categories were significantly associated with eating disorder risk (χ2[27] = 48.04, p = 0.008, V = 0.11); however, this result should be interpreted with caution given the extreme skew toward the lowest-risk category [84.2%], with Negative/Health associations overrepresented among higher-risk participants. Conclusions: Cultural context plays a significant role in shaping automatic cognitive associations with sweet foods. The exploratory association between sweets categories and self-reported eating disorder risk warrants further investigation using validated instruments before any substantive conclusions can be drawn.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/nu18111771

Testing the Real Capacity of the Battery

Fanni Csikós Flórián Csikós

Publication Name: Engineering Perspective

Publication Date: 2025-12-28

Volume: 5

Issue: 1 Special Issue

Page Range: 1-7

Description:

As electric motoring becomes more and more widespread, it is important to develop appropriate diagnostic measurements, especially for the increased electrical system. The most important part of the electrical system is the high voltage lithium-ion battery. Monitoring battery condition is essential to avoid failures and extend battery life, as these batteries degrade over time depending on the number of cycles, operating temperature, and charging habits. The project presented the contactless diagnostics of a Volkswagen e-Golf lithium-ion battery and analyze its capacity degradation through data acquisition via the Controller Area Network (CAN). The developed method allows to analyze the battery status and performance without disruption, which contributes to a more sustainable and economical vehicle usage. The measurement procedures include the analysis of the values of the state of health (SOH) and state of charge (SOC) indicators. The results will also provide insights into the optimization of the use of diagnostic tools and future battery maintenance options. To validate the method, two measurement scenarios were conducted: one on a chassis dynamometer and another under real-world driving conditions. The findings confirmed that contactless data acquisition can effectively detect cell imbalances and early degradation signs. The approach outlined in this study supports the implementation of efficient, scalable diagnostic solutions in both research and industrial settings.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.64808/engineeringperspective.1791078