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Publications - 6383
Communication between Autonomous Vehicles and Pedestrians: An Experimental Study Using Virtual Reality
Publication Name: Sensors
Publication Date: 2023-02-01
Volume: 23
Issue: 3
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
One of the major challenges of autonomous vehicles (AV) is their interaction with pedestrians. Unofficial interactions such as gestures, eye contact, waving, and flashing lights are very common behavioral patterns for drivers to express their intent to give priority. In our research we composed a virtual reality experiment for a pedestrian crossing in an urban environment in order to test pedestrians’ reactions on an LED light display mounted on a virtual AV. Our main research interest was to investigate whether communication patterns influence the decision making of pedestrians when crossing the road. In a VR environment, four scenarios were created with a vehicle approaching a pedestrian crossing with different speeds and displaying a special red/green sign to pedestrians. Here, 51 persons participating in the experiment had to decide when crossing is safe. Results show that the majority of people indicated they would cross in the time windows when it was actually safe to cross. Male subjects made their decision to cross slightly faster but no significant differences were found in the decision making by gender. It was found that age is not an influencing factor, either. Overall, a quick learning process was experienced proving that explicit communication patterns are self-explaining.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3390/s23031049
Factors affecting the quality of raw sheep and goat milk
Publication Name: Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja
Publication Date: 2017-11-01
Volume: 139
Issue: 11
Page Range: 687-696
Description:
Based on large number of publications in scientific literature, the author provide information on the factors affecting the quality of raw sheep and goat milk. She presents the effect of the variety within species, the impact of stage of lactation and seasons, the influence of milking and changes in somatic cell count in milk composition. In sheep milk the amount of milk fat, milk protein and casein in the final stage of the lactation rises compared to the first stage. In goat milk the concentration of milk fat decreases in the middle stage of lactation compared to the first stage and it increases in the final stage and the amount of milk protein and casein constantly increases during the lactation. High milk yield is usually combined with a long lactation period, normally 8-10 months, but the dairy sheep maintain lactation for 2 years without more calving. A high somatic cell count milk have a higher proteolytic activity, and they contain larger quantities of fat and casein and lower concentration of whey proteins, especially serum albumin and immunoglobulin. The proteolytic enzymes in the somatic cells attack the as2 - and β-casein. Just like the goats, the sheep also respond to changes in the environment, they have developed a genetic multiplication pace that follows the seasons change and the better food endowments. If the lactation period begins before the spring or the rainy season, lactation period will be longer because of the better feed. There is 80-90% correspondence between the udder size and the milk yield, and the milk yield depends on the surface size of alveoli, too. Increasing the number of milking ordinarily increases the amount of the expressed milk, but in this case there are significant differences between individual animals.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: DOI not available
Effect of genetic and nongenetic factors on chemical composition of individual milk samples from dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) under intensive management
Publication Name: Journal of Dairy Science
Publication Date: 2017-11-01
Volume: 100
Issue: 11
Page Range: 8680-8693
Description:
The aims of the present study were to monitor the changes in gross chemical composition of individual dromedary camel milk over a 5-yr period, to provide reference values, and to determine the effect of genetic and nongenetic factors influencing camel milk composition under intensive management. A total of 1,528 lactating dromedary camels were included in the study. Animals were fed a constant diet and were milked twice a day in a herringbone parlor. Milk samples were collected at monthly intervals using a sampling device and then fat, protein, lactose, total solids (TS), and solids-nonfat (SNF) concentrations of raw camel milk were determined with an automatic milk analyzer. For each milk sample, production parameters were recorded and quantities (grams) of milk constituents were calculated. The overall mean quantity and fat, protein, lactose, SNF, and TS concentrations of the morning milk were 4.0 kg, 2.58%, 2.95%, 4.19%, 8.08%, and 10.46%, respectively. Milk quantity showed a positive correlation with lactose and a negative correlation with all other components. Parity exerted a strong effect on all milk parameters. Primiparous dromedaries (n = 60) produced less milk with higher concentrations of components than did multiparous animals (n = 1,468). Milk composition varied among the 7 breeds tested, but none of the genotypes was found to be superior to the others in this respect. We detected a significant, yet small calf sex-biased difference in milk yield and composition. Stage of lactation and season strongly influenced milk yield and all milk components. We also found a significant interaction between month postpartum (mPP) and month of the year. The concentration of all milk components decreased from 1 to 5 mPP. Later, lactose concentration and quantity continued to decrease parallel with decreasing milk production. The concentration of other components showed a temporary increase in mid lactation, from 6 to 11 mPP, and in late lactation, from 18 to 23 mPP. Mean fat, protein, SNF, and TS concentrations showed a high seasonal variation (9.5 to 28.7%), with the lowest and highest values being measured during summer and winter, respectively. This seasonal variation was independent of nutrition and may reflect an endogenous circannual rhythm. We observed a noticeable variation among years. Dromedary camels could provide a useful in vivo model to study the homeorhetic regulation of mammary cell function by endogenous and environmental factors.
Open Access: Yes
Making the invisible visible: Non-intrusive scalable digitalisation using existing control signals in legacy medical device manufacturing equipment
Publication Name: Journal of Manufacturing Systems
Publication Date: 2026-06-01
Volume: 86
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 1048-1065
Description:
With the advent of Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things, it is appreciated that data availability is essential to provide information to facilitate decision-making in relation to effective production operation and maintenance strategies. This study presents a case application of digitalisation to improve operational efficiency in a regulated medical device manufacturing environment. The case study focuses on a legacy ureteral stent production process in which ageing sideporting machines—classified as critical equipment — pose reliability challenges that impact operational efficiency. Regulatory constraints and cleanroom requirements limit the ability to retrofit sensors or replace legacy controllers, creating a significant gap in data availability. This paper describes a brownfield integration study enabling the transition to a more data-driven production environment. To address these challenges, a non-intrusive data aggregation solution was implemented using an Omron NX102 controller, enabling near-real-time monitoring of machine cycle counts, run times, and punch changes without altering validated equipment. A custom Human Machine Interface (HMI) and local CSV logging ensured traceability and compliance. The collected data was analysed using statistical methods and machine learning algorithms to predict maintenance needs. This approach facilitated the calculation of previously unavailable metrics such as Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) and supported targeted maintenance planning and operator training. The results demonstrate that applying Industry 4.0 principles to brownfield legacy systems in regulated environments can extend equipment life, reduce downtime, and enable data-driven decision-making. This work provides a practical roadmap for integrating legacy equipment with enterprise manufacturing systems in highly regulated manufacturing settings, bridging the gap between traditional processes and smart IIoT-enabled strategies.
Open Access: Yes
Health and Performance Challenges in the Era of Human Enhancement: Insights from Sport Medicine Professionals
Emin Ergen
Francisco Arroyo
Mourad Ghrairi
Ana V. Cintrón
Petra Zupet
Marcelo Bichels Leitão
Umutcan Kayikci
Daniel Arkader Kopile
Fabio Pigozzi
Pedro Manonelles
Anca Ionescu
Bernd Wolfarth
José Antonio Casajús
Borja Muniz-Pardos
Roberto Lohn Nahon
Malav Shroff
Luigi Di Luigi
Alessia Di Gianfrancesco
Kirill Micallef Stafrace
Chiara Fossati
Metin Ergün
William O. Roberts
Julio Motta-Pensabene
Rüdiger Reer
Konstantinos Natsis
Andrew Jowett
Victoriya Badtieva
Norbert Bachl
Jürgen Steinacker
Sergio Migliorini
Maher Zahar
Mark Stuart
Demitri Constantinou
Dina CJanse van Rensburg
James Bilzon
Ke Hu
Christian Schneider
Mark R. Hutchinson
Camille Tooth
Sandra Rozenštoka
Minhao Xie
Giuseppe Massazza
Andrea Petróczi
Michael Geistlinger
Iain Killoughery
Bülent Ülkar
Felix Albuquerque Drummond
Bertrand Fincoeur
Yannis Pitsiladis
Klaus Michael Braumann
Anna Jegier
Bruno Di Pietro
Khaled Massoud Hassan
José Kawazoe Lazzoli
Jane Seto
Xavier Bigard
André Debruyne
Theodora Papadopoulou
Jean François Kaux
Clea Hadjistephanou Papaellina
Peter Baumgartl
Peter Baumgartl
Publication Name: Sports Medicine
Publication Date: 2025-10-01
Volume: 55
Issue: 10
Page Range: 2627-2640
Description:
Background: In the pursuit of sporting success, some elite athletes prioritise peak performance over long-term health, frequently resulting in significant and enduring health consequences. The Enhanced Games (TEG) position themselves as a bold experiment in transhumanism, advocating for the use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), including methods banned by World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), to push the boundaries of human athletic potential. Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the perspectives of sport physicians, sport scientists, physiotherapists and other allied healthcare professionals on treating and supporting “enhanced athletes”, with the view of informing future guidelines. Methods: Participants were invited via email and personal contacts within sport medicine communities to complete a brief anonymous survey via QuestionPro™. Descriptive statistics were performed using Excel™ and RStudio™. Results: A total of 323 healthcare professionals responded (82% were sport physicians), among whom 74% expressed a willingness to treat acute lesions and/or chronic diseases in “enhanced athletes”. In comparison, a considerable minority (30%) expressed support for assisting athletes in their use of PEDs and methods under medically supervised conditions, with high consistency across professional roles. A relatively high readiness was observed in sport physicians treating acute (77% versus 58%; p < 0.01) and chronic (75% versus 63%; p = 0.11) diseases for “enhanced athletes”. As far as WADA rules and/or national anti-doping laws apply, this support presupposes compliance with the code and the respective national laws to protect physicians from serious professional, legal and personal consequences. Conclusion: The preliminary findings align with the broader goal of fostering a sport culture that values both peak performance and the short- and long-term health of all participants. These results emphasise the necessity of implementing professional guidelines and comprehensive support systems designed to safeguard the long-term well-being of all athletes and underscore the urgent need for further research into the impact of TEG on sport and its community.
Open Access: Yes
The reaction of the metal and gold resource planning in the post-COVID-19 era and Russia-Ukrainian conflict: Role of fossil fuel markets for portfolio hedging strategies
Publication Name: Resources Policy
Publication Date: 2023-06-01
Volume: 83
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The prime objective of this article is to examine the policy-making role of metal markets, gold resources, and clean energy markets in the post-COVID-19 era and the Russia-Ukrainian military conflict. In doing so, we analyze the role of fossil fuels, clean energy, and metals markets, considering the military conflict in Ukraine in 2022. The study employs event study methodology (ESM), Total connectedness index (TCI), and network analyses. The results indicate that natural gas and clean energy prices are less affected by conflict in the aftermath of an invasion than traditional energy and metals markets. In addition, we observe an increase in the TCI in the energy markets during announcement days. The TCI of the metals market is greater than that of the energy market. According to network connectivity, the key asset class transmitters of the shock in Europe are the Geopolitical index (GPR), gold, and the clean energy stock index (ERIX). The U.S. markets are less affected by the situation in Ukraine. The average hedge suggests that the optimal hedge differs from one market to the next, with fossil fuels and renewable energy, respectively, being more hedge effective and reducing risk by an average of around 0.80 and 0.59, given their ability to function as a hedging instrument.
Open Access: Yes
Buckling assessment of steel members through overall imperfection method
Publication Name: Engineering Structures
Publication Date: 2016-01-01
Volume: 106
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 124-136
Description:
This paper presents a proposal for an overall imperfection method utilizing Linear Buckling Analysis (LBA) and developed equivalent initial imperfection for the assessment of the out-of-plane buckling resistance of steel members. The equivalent initial imperfection for the flexural buckling assessment of columns subjected to compressive force has been specified in the Eurocode 3. In this paper this formula is reorganized in order to establish a suitable computer-aided procedure, and then the equivalent initial imperfection for the fundamental cases of lateral torsional buckling and coupled buckling are defined. (Fundamental case: simply-supported member with uniform cross-section subjected to uniformly distributed forces; the buckling resistance of this reference member has been defined by a standardized design equation based on theoretical and empirical background). The amplitude for the equivalent initial imperfection in the shape of the buckling mode is expressed with second-order normal stresses, on one hand calculated with the equivalent amplitude specified in the relevant standard (e.g. Eurocode 3), and on the other hand calculated with the initial imperfection in the shape of the buckling mode with arbitrary amplitude. The design formula derived for the fundamental case is generalized by the equivalent member concept. The stability assessment is carried out verifying the cross-section resistance of the designed member using second-order elastic analysis with the derived equivalent initial imperfection. The proposed overall imperfection method is adequate for computer-aided design methodology which is based on advanced elastic beam-column finite element method. The accuracy and practicality of the proposed method are illustrated for regular, irregular, single and multi-span members.
Open Access: Yes
Investigation of Energy-Efficient UAV Control: Analysis of PID and MPC Performance †
Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings
Publication Date: 2025-01-01
Volume: 113
Issue: 1
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are being applied in an increasing number of fields; however, their autonomous operation is associated with significant regulatory challenges. In this study, the performance of a PID and a Model Predictive Controller is compared based on the transfer function of the BLDC motor of a quadcopter using MATLAB simulations in the presence of white noise. The simulation results are used as reference values for measurements conducted on a cost-effective, custom-developed prototype drone. The prototype has been designed for short-duration hovering, allowing for an initial evaluation, but a more thorough analysis requires prolonged hovering tests to be carried out in an industrial environment. Based on the results, a recommendation is formulated for improving the PID controller to achieve performance closer to that of the MPC. The research is aimed at enhancing the energy efficiency of UAV systems and optimizing battery capacity, enabling longer autonomous flight time and more reliable control.
Open Access: Yes
Taxonomic contribution to the knowledge of Galumnidae (Acari, Oribatida, Galumnidae) from Cuba
Publication Name: Zootaxa
Publication Date: 2023-03-30
Volume: 5258
Issue: 1
Page Range: 465-474
Description:
The present study is based on galumnid mites (Oribatida, Galumnidae) collected from leaf litter of two mixed forests in Cuba; six species from three genera are identified. Three new species - Pergalumna (Pergalumna) cienfuegosensis sp. nov., P. (P.) foveolatostriata sp. nov. and Galumna (G.) gigantea sp. nov. - are described. Allogalumna brevisetosa (Bayartogtokh & Weigmann, 2005) is recorded in the Neotropical region for the first time; P. (P.) obvia (Berlese, 1914) is recorded in Cuba for the first time.
Open Access: Yes
