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Publications - 6383

Application of chlorogenic acid in dairy product enrichment/fortification – a review

U. R. Chandimala Zsolt Ajtony

Publication Name: Lwt

Publication Date: 2025-09-15

Volume: 232

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Chlorogenic acid (CGA), also known as 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, is one of the most abundant phenolic compounds in nature. CGA exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective, cardiovascular, hepatoprotective, and metabolic regulatory properties. Due to the high usage of milk and fermented milk products, dairy becomes an excellent food source for CGA fortification, focusing on exploiting health benefits for consumers. An increasing trend exists in utilizing plant materials rich in CGA in dairy formulations to enhance dairy products' antioxidant profile and health-promoting potential. This review examines 58 recent studies on CGA incorporation into dairy products, focusing on their chemistry, biological activities, processing methods, and potential challenges for fortification. Extraction techniques such as microwave-assisted extraction and ultrasonic-assisted methods are preferred over conventional methods due to their efficiency and the quality of the extracts. In dairy formulations, thermal processing, high-pressure homogenization, controlled fermentation, and encapsulation techniques are critical for maintaining the stability and efficacy of CGA. Encapsulation with materials like β-cyclodextrin and chitosan nanoparticles enhances CGA stability during processing, storage, and digestion. This review emphasizes the significance of understanding CGA-protein interactions in dairy matrices, as these can either protect CGA from degradation or influence its bioavailability. The findings of this study underscore, in heat-treated and fermented dairy systems, that processing-induced CGA-milk protein interactions safeguard CGA from oxidative damage and improve CGA's bioaccessibility. Further research is needed to optimize CGA fortification strategies in dairy products to maximize their functional benefits.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2025.118416

Implementation of Optimized Regenerative Braking in Energy Efficient Driving Strategies

Péter Korös Zoltan Pusztai Ferenc Szauter Ferenc Friedler

Publication Name: Energies

Publication Date: 2023-03-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 6

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

In this paper, determination of optimized regenerative braking-torque function and application in energy efficient driving strategies is presented. The study investigates a lightweight electric vehicle developed for the Shell Eco-Marathon. The measurement-based simulation model was implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and used to establish the optimization. The optimization of braking-torque function was performed to maximize the recuperated energy. The determined braking-torque function was applied in a driving strategy optimization framework. The extended driving strategy optimization model is suitable for energy consumption minimization in a designated track. The driving strategy optimization was created for the TT Circuit Assen, where the 2022 Shell Eco-Marathon competition was hosted. The extended optimization resulted in a 2.97% improvement in energy consumption when compared to the result previously achieved, which shows the feasibility of the proposed methodology and optimization model.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/en16062682

Effects of Fermented Pea–Wheat Ingredient Inclusion in Soybean Meal-Replacement Diets on Intestinal Adaptation, Gut Microbiota, and Fecal Consistency in Weaned Piglets

Tamás Tóth Alex Váradi Eszter Kaszab Zoltán Somogyi Botond Alpár László Varga

Publication Name: Animals

Publication Date: 2026-05-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 10

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Weaning disrupts intestinal structure and function in piglets and frequently results in post-weaning diarrhea, highlighting the need for effective nutritional alternatives to medicinal feed additives. This study evaluated non-fermented field peas and diets containing different inclusion levels of a fermented pea–wheat ingredient as substitutes for soybean meal in restricted liquid diets for weaned piglets. Fifty-six piglets were assigned to four dietary treatments for 14 days after weaning: non-fermented soybean meal, non-fermented peas, partial inclusion of the fermented pea–wheat ingredient, or full inclusion of the fermented pea–wheat ingredient. Fecal consistency, plasma inflammatory cytokines, small-intestinal morphology, crypt cell proliferation, and intestinal microbiota composition were assessed. Plasma interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α remained low and did not differ among treatments, indicating no measurable systemic inflammatory response. Diets containing the fermented pea–wheat ingredient were associated with differences in early intestinal morphology, particularly villus height on day 4 after weaning. Treatment- and segment-specific variation was also observed in crypt cell proliferation. Microbiota analysis showed differences in community composition among treatments, with diets containing the fermented pea–wheat ingredient associated with a higher relative abundance of lactic acid-producing genera. At the pen level, full inclusion of the fermented pea–wheat ingredient was consistently associated with low fecal scores, whereas partial inclusion was associated with higher fecal scores throughout the study period. Overall, these findings suggest that, under the controlled conditions of this study, diets containing the full inclusion level of the fermented pea–wheat ingredient were associated with indicators of intestinal adaptation and consistently low pen-level fecal scores. Further studies with replicated pen designs, longer-term performance evaluation, and functional analyses are needed before practical recommendations can be made.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/ani16101526

APPLICATION OF FUZZY MCDM IN SELECTING ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE INTERIORS

Dragan Pamucar Shankha Shubhra Goswami

Publication Name: Journal of Applied Engineering Science

Publication Date: 2025-09-15

Volume: 23

Issue: 3

Page Range: 504-522

Description:

The growing demand for sustainable solutions in the automotive industry has led to a significant focus on eco-friendly materials for electric vehicle (EV) interiors. This research paper explores the application of Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) in selecting optimal eco-friendly materials for EV interiors. Fuzzy MCDM provides a robust framework to handle the inherent uncertainty and subjectivity in evaluating multiple criteria such as recyclability, durability, strength, comfort, aesthetic appeal, carbon footprint, price, energy requirements, and complexity in manufacturing. By employing a combination of Fuzzy-Entropy and Fuzzy-TOPSIS, this study aims to prioritize materials that offer the best balance of environmental sustainability and performance. Entropy is employed to evaluate the criteria weights, whereas TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is applied to select the ideal sustainable materials for EV interiors and to rate the alternatives. The final result reveals that Polyethylene Terephthalate is the most suitable material alternative for EV interiors, significantly enhancing the sustainability of the automotive industry. In contrast, Bamboo Fiber Composite ranks the lowest among the alternatives, indicating it is the least favorable option in the group. The final outcomes from the fuzzy-entropy-TOPSIS model are also compared to six others solo MCDM models and the ranking stability is also verified through sensitivity analysis.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.5937/jaes0-57423

Optimization of Surface Cleaning and Painting Methods for DIC Measurements on Automotive and Railway Aluminum Materials

Szabolcs Fischer Szabolcs Szalai Mykola Sysyn Attila Németh Dmytro Kurhan Viktória Fehér

Publication Name: Infrastructures

Publication Date: 2023-02-01

Volume: 8

Issue: 2

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The preparatory operations of DIC (Digital Image Correlation) tests were investigated in this study, with special emphasis on specimen cleaning and painting operations. As it is well known, DIC tests are non-contact and applied in materials research, the analysis of complex structures, and, nowadays, the construction industry. The use of DIC technologies has seen a dynamic increase in all scientific fields. In our study, aluminum body panels for automotive and railway applications were tested using this technique. There are many articles on proper patterning in the literature but fewer on preparation and priming. These are critical for a successful DIC measurement. This paper looks at different surface cleaners and primers with different grading procedures and will also determine the time window within which the paint should be applied. Finally, the GOM ARAMIS system was applied to measure and characterize the painted surface and visible deformation defects resulting from inadequate painting.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures8020027

Effect of temperament on milk production, somatic cell count, chemical composition and physical properties in lacaune dairy sheep breed

Ferenc Pajor Péter Póti Akos Bodnar Gábor Tóth Enikő Hamar Abayné László Gulyás

Publication Name: Mljekarstvo

Publication Date: 2017-09-29

Volume: 67

Issue: 4

Page Range: 261-266

Description:

Effect of temperament on milk yield, lactation length, physico-chemical properties and somatic cell count of Lacaune ewes were evaluated. The investigation was carried out at a sheep farm in the county of Győr-Moson-Sopron. The temperament of 106 Lacaune ewes was measured by the temperament 5-point-scale test (1=very nervous, 5=very quiet) during milking. Furthermore, 42 ewes were randomly selected from a herd of 106 animals for the analysis of milk composition (fat, protein and lactose), pH, electrical conductivity as well as somatic cell count. It was found that the temperament had a significant effect on lactation length and lactation milk production, lactose, electrical conductivity and somatic cell count. Calm ewes had significantly longer lactation (4 score: 220.7 day; 5 score: 201.4 day) as well as higher milk production (4 score: 207.9 kg; 5 score: 193.3 kg) compared to more temperamental animals (2+3 scores: 166.5 day and 135.5 kg; P<0.05). The content of lactose was significantly lower (4.32) in the more temperamental group, while electrical conductivity was higher (4.81 mS cm-1) compared to calmer animals (4.69 % and 4.16 mS cm-1). Additionally, significant differences were found in milk somatic cell count among the temperament categories. Calmer ewes had a lower somatic cell count in milk (5.17 log cm-3) than more temperamental ones (5.67 log cm-3; P<0.05).

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.15567/mljekarstvo.2017.0403

35 Years of Parliamentary Democracy – Hungarian and International Conference on the Occasion of Day of Parliamentarism

László Tóth

Publication Name: International Journal of Parliamentary Studies

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 5

Issue: 2

Page Range: 307-311

Description:

No description provided

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1163/26668912-bja10118

Physicochemical and textural properties of gummy candies prepared with fruit vinegar

E. Lakatos Székelyhidi Rita Beatrix Sik Roberta Pallag Zsolt Giczi

Publication Name: Applied Food Research

Publication Date: 2024-12-01

Volume: 4

Issue: 2

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Foods with additional functional value derived from natural sources are becoming more and more in demand these days, including confectionary products. Therefore, the study aimed to develop a gummy candy recipe, enriched with different fruit vinegars and determine the components' effect on the products' mineral, acid, sugar, antioxidant, and polyphenol content, and texture of the confectionery products with analytical methods. In terms of macroelement content, potassium was present in the largest amount in the tested candies (167.87 and 178.83 mg kg-1) and liquid ingredients (57,71–306.93 mg kg-1). In the case of microelements, iron (4.81, 4.79 mg kg-1) and boron (4.62, 4.49 mg kg-1) were significant in the products, iron is also found in gelatin in significant quantities (3.51 mg kg-1), however, boron came exclusively from fruit-derived components (1.02–9.40 mg kg-1). Among the tested organic acids, malic acid (21.67–46.12 mg g-1), and acetic acid (47.74–50.06 mg g-1) were significant in both the raw materials and products, while the fructose content (2.44–439.35 mg g-1) was prominent among the sugars, but the glucose (75.99–163.44 mg g-1) and sucrose (73.61–157.00 mg g-1) content were also significant. Unfortunately, the polyphenol (1.37–1.46 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant (0.29–0.75 mg AAE/g) content of the products was not significant, maybe because of their heat sensitivity. In terms of the texture of the candies, the two candies prepared with different fruit vinegars had similar textural properties, however, in terms of hardness (3523.10 N/m2), gumminess (3266.25 N/m2), and chewiness (3425.33 N/m2) the gummy candy with apple cider vinegar proved to be better. Unlike many other confectionery products, the sugar content of the developed product is provided only by the used the apple concentrate, it does not contain added sugar or sweeteners. The addition of fruit vinegars has been proven to have a positive effect on the nutritional values of candies. By replacing gelatin with another gelling agent, the product can also be prepared in a vegan form.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.afres.2024.100473

Environmental Impacts of Urbanization - Changes of the Ecological Footprint of Commuting in the Urban Region of Budapest

Kondor Attila Csaba Szabó Balázs Cecilia Szigeti Kovács Zoltán Egedy Tamás

Publication Name: Teruleti Statisztika

Publication Date: 2017-09-01

Volume: 57

Issue: 5

Page Range: 469-494

Description:

The main aim of this paper is to explore how daily commuting has contributed to the changes of ecological footprint in the Buda-pest urban region since 1990 by using census data of 1990, 2001 and 2011. First, the func-tional urban region of Budapest was delim-ited using the 15% threshold of daily com-muting to work to Budapest in 2001. Accord-ing to international methodology 185 sur-rounding municipalities and Budapest were defined as the urban region. Using data on the transport vehicle of commuting the vol-ume of CO2 emissions was estimated at mu-nicipal level for the 185 municipalities. Final-ly, on the basis of emission values the ecolog-ical footprint of the whole urban region was estimated. Our results show declining ecolog-ical footprint values throughout the 1990s, due to decreasing commuting rates, which is the result of economic restructuring, growing unemployment and less mobility of the la-bour force. However, as commuting in-creased due to economic upswing after 2000 the ecological footprint also grew, the use of motor vehicles (private car and bus) in com-muting substantially and dynamically in-creased. In the reviewed periodspatial struc-ture of commuting significantly changed: rail-commuting shrunk into a few outstanding transport axes, whereas the use of passenger cars increased also in the less booming areas of the urban agglomeration.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.15196/TS570501