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Found 6374 publications

Lignocellulosic agro-residue/polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites: Rapeseed straw as a sustainable filler

László Lendvai

Publication Name: Cleaner Materials

Publication Date: 2023-09-01

Volume: 9

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The main objective of this study is to review the applicability of rapeseed straw (RSS) as a sustainable filler material in polylactic acid (PLA)-based biocomposites. The effect of different RSS particle sizes and concentrations (0–20 wt%) on the mechanical, morphological, thermal, and water absorption properties was investigated. The composites were fabricated by melt compounding using a twin-screw extruder followed by injection molding. The mechanical properties were analyzed through tensile and flexural tests and Charpy impact tests. The morphology of the samples was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal properties and the crystallinity of the composites were determined through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Mechanical properties revealed an increasing stiffness of PLA as a function of RSS loading, albeit at the cost of strength. SEM images have shown a limited interfacial adhesion between PLA and the straw, which was suggested to be responsible for the decreased strength values. Based on the DSC measurements, the RSS fibers facilitated the nucleation in the composites, thereby decreasing the cold crystallization temperature of PLA. The conducted experiments demonstrated that environmentally friendly and economically attractive biocomposites can be fabricated by substituting part of the PLA with RSS as a lignocellulosic by-product.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.clema.2023.100196

Finite Element Simulation of Surface-Mount Resistor Solder Joint Quarter Models Under Thermomechanical Loading †

Antal Bakonyi Norbert Kiss Dániel Székely Matthew Joshua Sandy Yashveer Dunputh Mahmud M.D. Firoz

Publication Name: Engineering Proceedings

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: 113

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Virtual lifetime estimation is growing in importance, as replacing physical tests by simulations leads to cost reductions in the development of microelectronics assemblies. However, the predictions made by fatigue models often differ significantly from the lifetimes recorded in physical tests. Tuning these models is not straightforward, and results are often accurate only in specific test cases. Deviations may arise from manufacturing tolerances in the soldering process which can lead to deviations in the solder joint geometry. These include variations in the size of the copper pad area or in the volume of solder material. These factors, which have impacts on estimated lifetimes, are not fully understood. This paper assesses the impact of solder geometry in parallel with that of thermal cycling properties on estimated lifetimes. It is demonstrated that the shape and thermocycling properties of the solder joint significantly affect the thermomechanical lifetimes of surface-mounted resistors.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/engproc2025113050

Frequency-Band Sensitivity Mapping of Gearbox Housing Concepts Based on Sound Pressure Spectra

Dániel Feszty Krisztián Horváth

Publication Name: Applied Sciences Switzerland

Publication Date: 2026-03-01

Volume: 16

Issue: 6

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Gearbox housing stiffness strongly influences radiated noise in electric drivetrains, particularly in the absence of engine masking. While high-fidelity vibro-acoustic simulations provide detailed insight, they are computationally demanding for early-stage design screening. This study investigates whether extremely compact spectral descriptors can encode stiffness-related information. The descriptors consist of five 1 kHz band-averaged sound pressure levels between 1 and 6 kHz. These band-averaged quantities are treated as compact spectral descriptors representing the acoustic response of each gearbox housing configuration. The analysis is based on a simulation-derived dataset of twelve spectra representing three ribbing configurations of a single gearbox housing geometry. A Random Forest classifier evaluated using leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) achieved 0.75 accuracy. Confusion matrix analysis indicates clear separation of the flexible concept. Intermediate and rigid configurations show partial spectral overlap. Permutation testing suggests that the observed classification performance exceeds random chance, although uncertainty remains substantial due to the small dataset size. Feature-importance analysis identifies the 2–4 kHz region as the most stiffness-sensitive frequency range, supporting physical interpretations of mid-frequency structural–acoustic coupling. This exploratory study highlights both the potential and the statistical limits of minimal frequency-band descriptors for rapid NVH stiffness screening under small-sample conditions.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/app16063079

Leveraging Industry 4.0 Technologies in the Food Sector to Reduce Poverty (SDG 1)

Zuhaib Bhat Abdo Hassoun Mohamed Buheji Abderahman Rejeb Tarek Ben Hassen

Publication Name: Sustainable Development Goals Series

Publication Date: 2025-01-01

Volume: Part F1068

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 51-67

Description:

This chapter examines how fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) technologies can serve as powerful enablers for poverty reduction by transforming the food sector, in alignment with Sustainable Development Goal 1 (SDG 1). Recognizing poverty as a multidimensional challenge, the chapter focuses on the role of recent technological innovations, such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, blockchain, and big data, among other Industry 4.0 technologies, in revolutionizing agriculture and the food industry. These innovative advances offer significant potential to enhance productivity, optimize resource use, reduce post-harvest losses, and increase market access for smallholder farmers and food producers. Through a literature review, the chapter outlines mechanisms by which Industry 4.0 can generate inclusive employment and elevate incomes in rural and underserved communities. The findings emphasize that effective digital transformation in the food sector requires targeted investments in infrastructure, skills development, supportive policy frameworks, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. By strategically leveraging Industry 4.0 innovations, the food system can become a critical vehicle for sustainable, inclusive economic development and long-term poverty alleviation.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-06527-8_3

On the set for which 1 is univoque

I. Kátai Gábor Kallos

Publication Name: Publicationes Mathematicae Debrecen

Publication Date: 2001-01-01

Volume: 58

Issue: 4

Page Range: 743-750

Description:

For some integer K ≥ 2 let εK be the set of those ⊖ ∈ (1/K + 1, 1/K ), for which 1 has only one expansion 1 = e1 ⊖ + e2 ⊖2 + . . . with digits ej ∈ {0, . . . , K}, (j =1, 2, . . . ). In this paper we prove, that the Lebesgue measure of the set εK is 0.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.5486/pmd.2001.2436

Robot cooperation by fuzzy signature sets rule base

Áron Ballagi Ĺaszĺo T. Ḱoczy

Publication Name: Sami 2010 8th International Symposium on Applied Machine Intelligence and Informatics Proceedings

Publication Date: 2010-04-30

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 37-42

Description:

This paper presents a novel method for control cooperating robots without any explicit communication line. We have proposed a fuzzy communication philosophy and implementation technique, where the codebooks are built up by signatures. Fuzzy signatures are used as complex state description method for intention guessing and action selection. Finally some real scenarios of autonomous mobile robot cooperation are presented. ©2010 IEEE.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/SAMI.2010.5423703

Effect of emulated head-tracking for reducing localization errors in virtual audio simulation

Gyorgy Wersenyi

Publication Name: IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing

Publication Date: 2009-02-01

Volume: 17

Issue: 2

Page Range: 247-252

Description:

Virtual audio simulation uses head-related transfer function (HRTF) synthesis and headphone playback to create a sound field similar to real-life environments. Localization performance is influenced by parameters such as the recording method and the spatial resolution of the HRTFs, equalization of the measurement chain as well as common headphone playback errors. The most important errors are in-the-head localization and front-back reversals. Among other cues, small movements of the head are considered to be important to avoid these phenomena. This study uses the BEACHTRON sound card and its HRTFs for emulating small head-movements by randomly moving the virtual sound source to emulate head-movements. This method does not need any additional equipment, sensors, or feedback. Fifty untrained subjects participated in the listening tests using different stimuli and presentation speed. A virtual target source was rendered in front of the listener by random movements of 1 -7 . Experiments showed that this kind of simulation can be helpful to resolve in-the-head localization, but there is no clear benefit for resolving front-back errors. Emulation of small head-movements of 2 could actually increase externalization rates in about 21% of the subjects while presentation speed is not significant. © 2009 IEEE.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/TASL.2008.2006720

Observation of stacked corrugated paper boxes' motion under vibration simulation

No authors available

Publication Name: 21st IAPRI World Conference on Packaging 2018 - Packaging: Driving a Sustainable Future

Publication Date: 2019-01-01

Volume:

Issue:

Page Range: 160-167

Description:

The unitized loads are the major form of the packed product transportation, and most of the cases the packages are fixed to the pallet with straps, stretch film or these combinations. During transport, various vibrations occur in the packaging-product system, which can damage the products. Many of studies focus on the nature of these vibrations, but the vibration varies between the layers of stacked packaging is not fully researched. This paper focuses on the different motion of the layers in the unitized loads in function of the fixing mode to the pallet. Therefore, multiple unitized loads were built from the same corrugated paper boxes in three layers with various fixing mode, to measure each layer motion during vibration. To carry out the simulation procedure, acceleration on each layer was recorded under sine and random vibration simulation. The recorded data shows, which layer motion is the most disparate from the excited motion, which fixing variant caused this difference.

Open Access: No

DOI: DOI not available

Optimization and validation of HPLC–DAD method for simultaneous analysis of sweeteners, preservatives, and caffeine in sugar-free beverages

E. Lakatos Székelyhidi Rita Beatrix Sik Olivér Hegyi Zsolt Ajtony

Publication Name: European Food Research and Technology

Publication Date: 2023-11-01

Volume: 249

Issue: 11

Page Range: 2797-2805

Description:

In this study, the optimization and performance evaluation of a high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC–DAD) method for the simultaneous determination of four sweeteners (acesulfame-potassium, saccharin, aspartame, and rebaudioside A), two preservatives (sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate), and caffeine in sugar-free drinks are presented. The separation was carried out using a gradient elution of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (12.5 mM, pH = 3.3) on a reversed-phase column. Under the optimized conditions, the method allowed for the specific and selective simultaneous separation of all target analytes in less than 9 min. The developed HPLC–DAD method was validated and demonstrated excellent linearity (all analytical curves showed R2 ≥ 0.9995), satisfactory accuracy (recovery values ranging between 94.1 and 99.2% in real samples), and repeatability (intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were ≤ 2.49%). Overall, 69 products available in the Hungarian market were successfully tested with the applied method.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/s00217-023-04328-4