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Found 6374 publications

Critical and ameliorating thoughts on consumer protection concerning product liability

Akos Kohidi

Publication Name: Acta Juridica Hungarica

Publication Date: 2010-12-01

Volume: 51

Issue: 4

Page Range: 305-316

Description:

In this paper the rules of product liability (the strict liability for defective products) will be discussed. Albeit the EU orders of this liability form were established more than twenty years ago, it is worth to explore that again, because new vital questions have arisen and arise nowadays, furthermore relevant essays were published on it, which emphasize the economic relations as well. The author has the intention to collect the most significant critical thoughts contrasting these with English and German studies, outline the problematic issues, loopholes, and experiences. Beyond the EEC Directive, the implemented rules in the acts of member states shall be cited and compared simultaneously.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/AJur.51.2010.4.5

Experimental Investigation of the Friction Modifying Effects of Graphene and C60 Fullerene Used as Nanoadditives in Engine Lubricating Oil Performed on an Oscillating Tribometer

Cs Tóth-Nagy I. Szabó

Publication Name: Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 51

Issue: 3

Page Range: 257-262

Description:

The present article presents the results of tribological investigations performed on an off-the-shelf engine lubricant containing nanoadditives of multilayered graphene and C60 fullerene alternately. As anthropogenic CO2 is believed to be highly responsible for global climate change, its emission is regulated in many countries. CO2 emissions can be significantly decreased by improving the efficiency i.e. decreasing the losses in an engine. Hence reducing frictional losses was the ultimate scope of the investigations presented in this article. The experiments were carried out on an oscillating tribometer at the Department of Internal Combustion Engines at Széchenyi István University. The experiments showed that multilayered graphene in engine lubricant did not modify the friction coefficient inevitably (-1% to +4%). Fullerene nanoparticles, however, reduced the friction by 4–8%. The optimal fullerene doping quantity that resulted in the lowest friction showed to be at around 0.14 wt%.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3311/PPtr.20594

Endogenous brassinosteroids in microalgae exposed to salt and low temperature stress

Miroslav Strnad Péter Bálint Danuše Tarkowská Vince Ördög Wendy A. Stirk Johannes van Staden

Publication Name: European Journal of Phycology

Publication Date: 2018-07-03

Volume: 53

Issue: 3

Page Range: 273-279

Description:

Brassinosteroids are part of the hormonal network that regulates growth processes and stress responses in plants. There is evidence for a similar hormonal network in microalgae. In the present study, six microalgae (Chlorococcum ellipsoideum, Gyoerffyana humicola, Nautococcus mamillatus, Acutodesmus acuminatus, Protococcus viridis and Chlorella vulgaris) were subjected to salt and low temperature stress with the addition of 36 g l–1 NaCl and transfer from 25°C to 15°C. There was a rapid response to salt stress with the brassinosteroid content (mainly castasterone with lower amounts of brassinolide, homocastasterone and typhasterol) increasing within 30 min of the salt treatment and remaining at these elevated levels after 7 h. The decrease in temperature had little effect on the brassinosteroid content. This was the first study to show that endogenous brassinosteroids increase in response to abiotic stress in a number of microalgae species.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2018.1441447

Strategies of education and training practice of small and medium sized enterprises

No authors available

Publication Name: World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology

Publication Date: 2011-03-01

Volume: 75

Issue:

Page Range: 77-83

Description:

The role of knowledge is a determinative factor in the life of economy and society. To determine knowledge is not an easy task yet the real task is to determine the right knowledge. From this view knowledge is a sum of experience, ideas and cognitions which can help companies to remain in markets and to realize a maximum profit. At the same time changes of circumstances project in advance that contents and demands of the right knowledge are changing. In this paper we will analyse a special segment on the basis of an empirical survey. We investigated the behaviour and strategies of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the area of knowledge-handling. This survey was realized by questionnaires and wide range statistical methods were used during processing. As a result we will show how these companies are prepared to operate in a knowledge-based economy and in which areas they have prominent deficiencies.

Open Access: No

DOI: DOI not available

A note on f-weighted possibilistic correlation for identical marginal possibility distributions

No authors available

Publication Name: Fuzzy Sets and Systems

Publication Date: 2011-02-16

Volume: 165

Issue: 1

Page Range: 106-110

Description:

Fullér, Mezei and Várlaki defined the f-weighted possibilistic correlation coefficient as a new measure of interactivity of fuzzy numbers, which can be determined from the joint possibility distribution. At the end of their paper they formulated problems in connection with the lower limit of the f-weighted possibilistic correlation coefficient, if we know only the marginal distributions. In this paper we will discuss these problems. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Open Access: No

DOI: 10.1016/j.fss.2010.10.005

R&D project evaluation at a university with knowledge acquisition and knowledge engineering

Katalin Czakó Gabriella Haasz Zoltán Baracskai

Publication Name: International Journal of Project Organisation and Management

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 15

Issue: 3

Page Range: 332-350

Description:

Significant research on R&D project evaluation methods is feasible when we have clear data and conditions for measurement. In university projects, it is unwise to use directly the reference points and practices of industrial or independent labs. As a result, the method and the model introduced in this paper are adapted to find the most informative success factors for engineering R&D projects when the non-professional project manager’s experience is the primary source of data. The model was developed using knowledge acquisition (KA), while 21 projects within the same domain were recorded in the knowledge base through semi-structured interviews with experienced project managers during a fine-tuning process. The contribution of this paper is the logical rules and the attributes by which we can understand the project managers’ mindset in R&D projects of a higher education institutions. The paper includes an evaluation of the projects as a case study.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1504/IJPOM.2023.132712

A simultaneous solution for general linear equations with subspace decomposition

No authors available

Publication Name: Civil-Comp Proceedings

Publication Date: 2011-01-01

Volume: 95

Issue:

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

For solving linear systems of equations there are several known algorithms. For large linear systems with a sparse matrix iteration algorithms are recommended. But in the case of general n x m matrices the classic iterative algorithms are not applicable with a few exceptions. For example in some cases the Lanczos type algorithms are adequate. The algorithm presented here based is on the minimization of residual solution with subspace decomposition. Therefore this algorithm seems to be applicable for the construction of parallel algorithms. In this paper we describe a sequential version of proposed algorithm first and give its theoretical analysis. The algorithm has some genetic characteristics. After this we will formulate a parallel version of algorithm with subspace decomposition in order to study the details of convergence and the speed up effect of the parallel algorithms. The numerical test results of these algorithms including the speed-up effects of the parallel execution will be shown. The comparison of the classical method and the new approach will also be presented considering the running speed and efficiency too. The computer tests have been carried out with parallel and cluster computing methods as well. © Civil-Comp Press, 2011.

Open Access: No

DOI: DOI not available

Structure and properties of closed-cell foam prepared from rPET

V. A. Szabó Gabor Dogossy

Publication Name: Iop Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering

Publication Date: 2018-10-18

Volume: 426

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Nowadays, in the field of packaging technology, one-way polymer packaging materials are increasingly used. Food and packaging industry uses the most, the life cycle of which becomes short, they become waste very quick. Also included are light weight bottles of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Large amounts of waste can be handled with multiple options. The worst is their dumping on dump sites, as these materials do not compost. Their thermal recycling is more favorable due to their high calorific value, but a real cycle can only be achieved by their physical recycling. However, during the multiple re-purposing, PET's mechanical and processing properties are reduced. In our research, chemical foaming has been investigated, resulting in a smaller weight, better specific property, and fully reusable product. During our investigations, the structure and mechanical properties of recycled PET (rPET) specimens manufactured with different composition, chain and foam additives were analyzed.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/426/1/012043

MULTILATERAL EVALUATION OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES - PROPOSAL OF AN INTEGRATED MODEL

András Torma Géza Köteles

Publication Name: Iet Conference Proceedings

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 2024

Issue: 8

Page Range: 76-81

Description:

There are many different solution available to meet a given energy demand. These solutions may differ significantly not only in their technical and economic characteristics but also in their effects on the environment. The purpose of this article is to present principles, considerations, and methods for a complex assessment of the production, conversion, transportation, storage, and end-use of various types of energy. The authors present seven distinct approaches, principles, and methodologies that are commonly employed to comprehend the consequences of various energy utilization solutions. The characteristics of each model and the range of information provided by each solution are presented through concrete examples. The applicability of different methods and approaches is also analysed comparatively. These methods have not yet been translated so far into a coherent, integrated model by either engineering practice or academia, although an accurate understanding of the impacts on the sustainability and energy trilemma necessitates applying as complex analytical solutions as possible. The objective of this article is to collate, evaluate, and harmonise a range of widely used energy usage evaluation models. The aim is to propose a coherent, integrated approach to facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the environmental, technical, and financial implications of different energy utilisation approaches.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1049/icp.2024.2685