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Found 6374 publications

Distinction of road categories by road users compared to road classification in design guidelines

Gabriella Kosztolányi-Iván

Publication Name: Pollack Periodica

Publication Date: 2014-12-01

Volume: 9

Issue: 3

Page Range: 23-34

Description:

On self-explaining roads drivers automatically drive according to the expected behavior and speed. In order to create this type of roads, within a given road category the layout should be homogenous, whereas a remarkable difference should exist between road categories. Using a sample of 500 persons, the paper analyses, which road categories are identified and distinguished by road users. A picture sorting task was completed to find out how road users group 45 different road scenes, and how these groups correspond to the road categories according to current standards. In addition, an analysis of a questionnaire survey was used to determine how individual road scene images are grouped on the basis of chosen speeds, and how this grouping corresponds to road categories. For processing of speed data, cluster analysis was used. The result of both surveys show that road users can clearly distinguish only 4-5 road categories. The paper compares these results with the design guidelines of some countries.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1556/Pollack.9.2014.3.3

Long-term impact of unhealthy food tax on consumption and the drivers behind: A longitudinal study in Hungary

Márta Bakacs Brys Zoltan Zombor Berezvai Tamás Joó Gergely Tóth József Vitrai

Publication Name: Health Policy

Publication Date: 2024-08-01

Volume: 146

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Several countries have introduced public health product taxes with the objective of reducing the absolute amount of consumption of unhealthy food and tackling obesity. This study aims to estimate the long-term impact of the Hungarian public health product tax introduced in 2011. To achieve this, a unique consumer purchase dataset was analysed to examine daily fast-moving consumer goods purchases from a representative sample of 2,000 households from 2010 to 2018. The results indicate that the tax has been fully reflected in consumer prices. A decline in consumption was observed initially, consistent with previous experiences in Hungary and other countries. However, over time, the data suggests a recovery and even an increase in line with the growth of disposable income. The proportion of taxed products in total fast-moving consumer goods purchases increased from 5.9 % (95 % CI: 5.7 % to 6.0 %) in 2010 to 7.4 % (95 % CI: 7.3 % to 7.6 %) in 2018. Furthermore, the tax has contributed to increased inequality as low-income households spend a higher proportion of their total expenditure on it. Although taxes on unhealthy foods have proven effective in the short-term, they may not be adequate for reducing overall consumption in the long-term, particularly as disposable income increases. In conclusion, implementing complex interventions is necessary to achieve sustainable positive changes in dietary habits.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2024.105098

The Role of food aid and livelihood interventions in mediating the relationship between household's resilience and economic empowerment

Laszlo Vasa Nassar Samia Zsuzsanna Naárné Tóth

Publication Name: Economic Annals Xxi

Publication Date: 2022-12-27

Volume: 194

Issue: 11-12

Page Range: 151-163

Description:

The concept of resilience has been utilized to examine more complex ecological and socioeconomic systems such as agri-food systems in developing countries. Gaza has one of the high unemployment rates globally, therefore keeping people imprisoned in poverty and dependent on external support to existing. The strategy for poverty reduction in Gaza primarily consists of giving food aid or multi-purpose cash-based assistance and livelihood projects; nevertheless, this does not reduce unemployment or poverty in the long term. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have increased their efforts to provide more effective and comprehensive interventions to the affected populations, especially in the Gaza Strip. The research implemented a quantitative methodology distributed to over 300 household benefited from food aid and livelihood interventions through the NGOs in Gaza Strip. The questionnaire had been constructed based on the Likert Scale ranging from 1 (Strongly Agree) to 5 (Strongly Disagree). The data had been treated using SPSS statistical tool and AMOS for structural equation modeling and analysis to study the mediating effect of food aid and livelihood interventions on the relationship between household resilience and economic empowerment in the Gaza Strip. The research found that the resilience ability of many families in the Gaza Strip has increased because of the humanitarian assistance provided by NGOs, which lead to reducing poverty and household resilience plays a vital role in minimizing poverty and alleviating suffering through empowering and engaging them in the economy. The research also found that food aid tends to critically impact the relationship between household resilience and economic empowerment. NGOs play an essential role in engaging the poor in the economy through providing food security and encouraging new investments and efforts to improve help effectiveness via greater coordination among players involved in the implementation and better planning, targeting, and providing aid to people in Gaza Strip. The research findings also showed that livelihood interventions mediate the relationship between household resilience and economic empowerment in Gaza Strip. The structural model supports that the livelihood interventions modulated the association between household resilience and economic empowerment.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.21003/EA.V194-19

A picolinamide fungicide for controlling Cercospora-leaf spot (CLS) of sugar beet

Gabor Kukorelli Zoltán Molnár Andrea Hufnagl Akos F. Biró Andy J. Leader

Publication Name: Bio Web of Conferences

Publication Date: 2024-08-23

Volume: 125

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

Cercospora-leaf spot (CLS) of sugar beet, caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc., is a major foliar disease of sugar beet in all sugar beet growing areas, worldwide, causing up to 50% yield loss. The disease is now dominant in almost all sugar beet growing areas of Europe, including Hungary. The use of fungicides has been being an integral part of the control of CLS of sugar beet. In recent decades, resistance of C. beticola to fungicides belonging to different groups of active substances has been described in many countries worldwide, including Hungary. The picolinamides are a new distinct group of fungal respiration inhibitors (QiI – FRAC Group 21) promise to be a good alternative in the management of fungicide resistance in crops. The florylpicoxamid fungicide were tested and evaluated over two seasons, in vegetation period of 2020 and 2021 for controlling CLS of sugar beet in Hungary. This fungicide was applied as straight formulated product at a range of dose rates, and they showed very effective control of CLS compared to the untreated control check plots and the reference fungicide products difenoconazole and epoxiconazole. All tested dose rates of florylpicoxamid provided effective control of against CLS of sugar beet. The area under the disease progress curve values (AUDPC) was significantly correlated with yield decrease, but AUPDC did not correlated with sugar content of the roots. Additionally, the results showed in two investigated years, the efficacy of florylpicoxamid for the control on CLS of sugar beet crop.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/202412501007

Analysis of the Stressed State of Sand-Soil Using Ultrasound

Szabolcs Fischer Ulf Gerber Mykola Sysyn Lukas Benedikt Schumacher

Publication Name: Infrastructures

Publication Date: 2023-01-01

Volume: 8

Issue: 1

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The maintenance of the ballast substructure is an important cost-driver for railway systems. The problem is that today’s condition monitoring methods are insufficient to collect detailed data on the compaction and stress allocation inside the ballast bed. That makes it challenging to improve the maintenance technology and organization. This study aimed to investigate the applicability of the ultrasound method for analyzing the state of stress of sand-soil and the relation between the residual stress and wave propagation velocity. The experiments on the sand in a box with different allocations of the ultrasonic receivers and pressure measurement cells were produced under different external loading. In addition, the vertical and horizontal stress distributions were measured. The results showed a correlation between the test load, the state of stress, and the ultrasound propagation velocity. Moreover, the residual stresses after the loading cycles were analyzed.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures8010004

Identification of the Main Factors (Concepts) of Waste Management for Building the Initial FCM Model

Adrienn Buruzs

Publication Name: Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing

Publication Date: 2024-01-01

Volume: 427

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 25-31

Description:

For the first phase of the modelling, the authors created a graph and a connection matrix of six system components based on the literature. The RWMS differs from conventional waste management methods in that it involves stakeholders in decision-making; focuses on waste prevention and resource exploration; takes into account interactions with other systems and seeks to promote integration between different scales of residence (city, region, and region). ‘Technology’ in this sense includes both ‘hardware’ and ‘software’ (van de Klundert and Anschutz [10]). One of the pillars of the sustainability of the system is the involvement of stakeholders, because it leads to a sense of responsibility for the success of the system, at least when it serves the political and economic interests of the parties. At the beginning of this research, the authors examined the driving forces and sustainability conditions of the RWMS and identified the main aspects based on the literature, which will form the starting FCM model.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37959-8_3

Robust Design Optimization of Electrical Machines and Devices

Miklós Kuczmann David Pánek Anton Rassõlkin Tamas Orosz

Publication Name: Electronics Switzerland

Publication Date: 2022-05-01

Volume: 11

Issue: 9

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

No description provided

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.3390/electronics11091427

Inter-cognitive Communication Model Using Additive Manufacturing Technology

Ferenc Erdos Richard Nemeth

Publication Name: 9th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications Coginfocom 2018 Proceedings

Publication Date: 2018-07-02

Volume: Unknown

Issue: Unknown

Page Range: 217-222

Description:

3D technology has made significant progress over the last decade. In this paper, we focus especially on physical 3D visualization using 4D-printed smart materials, which opens up new possibilities through the continuous development of the additive manufacturing technology (AMT). The aim of our research is to establish an AMT-based, two-way and real-time inter-cognitive communication model, which can be an effective tool in different situations, for example for managers in physical visualization of business information and in responding to displayed information.

Open Access: Yes

DOI: 10.1109/CogInfoCom.2018.8639912

Experimental and numerical investigation of internally reinforced damaged pipelines

No authors available

Publication Name: 18th European Conference on Fracture: Fracture of Materials and Structures from Micro to Macro Scale

Publication Date: 2010-12-01

Volume:

Issue:

Page Range: Unknown

Description:

The purpose of the paper is to present the role of the internal reinforcing on the structural integrity of steel pipes, based on numerical and experimental investigations. For FE analysis of unreinforced case three mechanical models were applied: multilayered elastic shell, 3D elastic solid and 3D elastic-plastic solid FE models. The aim of the numerical analysis was to clarify deformations, stresses and strains in the surrounding area of defects both in the steel pipe and on the composite reinforcement. A further task is to determine numerically the width of reinforcement and the number of layers needed for the repair. For experimental investiga-Tions internal reinforcement was developed using glass fibre polymer matrix composite. Fa-Tigue and burst tests were performed on pipe sections containing artificial metal loss defects. Both unreinforced and reinforced pipeline sections were examined. The applicability of the hybrid structure was demonstrated by means of the numerical and the experimental results.

Open Access: No

DOI: DOI not available