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Found 6412 publications
Low-element FPGA beamforming: A ZCU102 demonstration of directed ultrasonic inspection
Publication Name: Journal of Electrical Engineering
Publication Date: 2026-04-01
Volume: 77
Issue: 2
Page Range: 139-147
Description:
This paper presents the design and implementation of a compact FPGA-based (Field-Programmable Gate Array) controlled ultrasonic transducer system. Our aim was to achieve ultrasound beam steering using three elementary ultrasonic transducers. The transducers generated a steerable beam through ultrasound interference, which was controlled by adjusting the phase differences between them. The system’s performance was demonstrated using a radar-style beamforming plot. Using elementary transmitters with an initial aperture angle of 50°-130°, an effective aperture angle of 74°-101° was achieved. The core of the device was implemented on a ZCU102 development panel, which had a considerable impact on the following development phase. Our proposed approach offers a compact and cost-effective solution for Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) systems; its applicability was demonstrated on a wood inspection example. Finally, potential directions for further development toward a fully functional device are discussed.
Open Access: Yes
Exploring entrepreneurial phases with machine learning models: Evidence from Hungary
Publication Name: Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review
Publication Date: 2025-06-01
Volume: 13
Issue: 2
Page Range: 101-122
Description:
Objective: The article aims to explore the potential differences between the two phases of entrepreneurship, i.e., total early-stage entrepreneurial activity and established business, as defined by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). The study aimed to classify entrepreneurs using various machine learning models and to evaluate their classification performance comparatively. Research Design & Methods: Using the Hungarian GEM datasets from 2021 to 2023, we analysed a subsample of 964 entrepreneurs. Due to inconsistent results from traditional analyses (e.g., correlations, regressions, principal component analyses), we employed machine learning approaches (supervised learning classification methods) to uncover latent relationships between variables. Findings: The study utilized seven machine learning classification methods to examine the feasibility of grouping companies within the sample using Hungarian GEM data. Findings indicate that machine learning techniques are particularly effective for classifying businesses, although the performance of each method varies significantly. Implications & Recommendations: These results provide valuable insights for researchers in selecting methodologies to identify various business phases. Moreover, they offer practical benefits for market research professionals, suggesting that machine learning techniques can enhance the classification and understanding of entrepreneurial phases. Contribution & Value Added: The study adds to the existing body of knowledge by demonstrating the effectiveness of machine learning methods in classifying business phases. It highlights the variability in performance across different machine learning techniques, thereby guiding future research and practical applications in market research and entrepreneurship studies.
Open Access: Yes
First record of Ixodes (Scaphixodes) caledonicus in the Carpathian Basin and first time molecular-phylogenetic analysis of this tick species with updated host records and geographical range
Publication Name: Ticks and Tick Borne Diseases
Publication Date: 2024-01-01
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Four Ixodes species represent the subgenus Scaphixodes Schulze, 1941 in Europe, but none of them were reported to be compared in a molecular-phylogenetic context. This study compensates for this lack of data. A tick larva, morphologically identified as Ixodes (Scaphixodes) caledonicus Nuttall, 1910, was collected from an Alpine swift (Tachymarptis melba) during its nesting period in Transylvania, Romania. Following DNA extraction, PCR analyses and sequencing in part with newly designed primers, three genetic markers of this specimen were amplified and compared to GenBank data, and two were analyzed phylogenetically. Based on sequence comparisons of its mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) and nuclear 28S rRNA genes I. caledonicus appeared to be closely related to members of the subgenus Pholeoixodes. However, the topology of the concatenated cox1 and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree clearly showed its clustering with Ixodes (Scaphixodes) philipi. In conclusion, I. caledonicus is part of the tick fauna of Romania and is expected to occur also in other countries of the Carpathian Basin where rocky cliffs are available for nesting of swifts and other birds. This is the first species of the subgenus Scaphixodes in Europe, for which the traditional (morphology-based) taxonomic assignment is confirmed by molecular-phylogenetic analyses.
Open Access: Yes
Molecular investigation of endoparasites of marine mammals (Cetacea: Mysticeti, Odontoceti) in the Western Mediterranean
Publication Name: Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Publication Date: 2024-01-01
Volume: 11
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
Introduction: Whales, dolphins, and porpoises are susceptible to infections by protozoan and metazoan parasites. Methods: In this study, tissue samples, as well as flatworms and roundworms, were collected from a common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), three short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis), two striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba), a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), a long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas), and a fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus). These samples were molecularly analyzed. Results: In one D. delphis, Toxoplasma gondii was detected in multiple organs, including the cerebellum. The cysts of the tapeworms Clistobothrium delphini and Clistobothrium grimaldii were identified in G. melas. Flukes collected from D. delphis belong to Brachycladium atlanticum, while those removed from S. coeruleoalba probably represent a new species. Four species of lungworms were also identified: Halocercus delphini in S. coeruleoalba, Halocercus sp. in T. truncatus, Stenurus globicephalae in G. melas, and a potentially new Pharurus sp. in P. phocoena. Conclusion: These findings show, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, the presence of T. gondii DNA in D. delphis. The cerebellum of the animal was Toxoplasma-infected, which might be relevant to inadvertent stranding. In this study, new genetic markers were sequenced for several helminth parasites of marine mammals, possibly including undescribed species.
Open Access: Yes
Terrorism with a «woman’s appearance»: Economic background and legal tools for forming a counteracting strategy
Publication Name: Economic Annals Xxi
Publication Date: 2019-01-01
Volume: 177
Issue: 5-6
Page Range: 34-43
Description:
The authors have researched the phenomenon of female terrorism in the area of rational choice and economic benefit. Popular quotations «qui prodesse» and «сherchez la femme» are combined from these positions in the non-standard authors’ approach to understanding the motivational factors underlying extremist movements. It has been proved that the increase in the number of women in the ranks of terrorists is largely due to the so-called economic benefit factor for the terrorist acts organisers. The actions of a suicide bomber, in the broad sense, are predominantly based on a rational basis: the achievement of the last personal good - identity. The article presents the transformation of female terrorism in the historical perspective; actual conflicts and contradictions in international law and national legal systems, as well as false social attitudes and stereotypes complicating the fight against this dangerous social phenomenon. Data obtained from the social networks allows concluding that hundreds of women are now fighting in the ranks of militants in the East of Ukraine. At the beginning of the conflict, many of them hid their faces on personal pages on the Internet, hiding from their relatives a fact that they are hired killers. At the moment, most of them are proud of their participation in extremist groups, post their photos with weapons. Suicide terrorism of Muslim women and crimes committed by female militants in the East of Ukraine have one thing in common - the preparation and use of women as a living «weapon» by the extremist groups is cheaper either in terms of financial investments and costs for psychological brainwashing and military training. Based on the analytical data and identified patterns, we have argued the strategic directions of counteraction to female terrorism and have proved the following: mankind will be able to break this danger on the condition of a new, free of stereotypes way of thinking and coordinated efforts of the world community in all spheres of social life including economic, legal, socio- and cultural ones.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.21003/ea.v177-03
Examining the Environmental Ramifications of Asbestos Fiber Movement Through the Water–Soil Continuum: A Review
Publication Name: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Publication Date: 2025-04-01
Volume: 22
Issue: 4
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The environmental pollution potential of asbestos products is a worldwide health issue, but their dissemination through the water–soil continuum is often an overlooked aspect. Similarly, the behavior of asbestos fibers released from the products is still not fully understood, although our knowledge is based on studies concerning their mineralogical characteristics, health effects, and waste disposal. It has been claimed and contradicted that asbestos harm is only found in air and humans. Asbestos fibers are found not only in industrial settings but also through the industrial use of asbestos cement products, which has contributed to asbestos emissions and its movement in water and soil. Asbestos fibers are diverse in their physicochemical properties, and this diversity has a significant influence on their behavior in the environment. Recent research has confirmed that asbestos can be transported by water and spread to other parts of the environment. However, the mechanisms underlying this, such as the settling of fibers, their attachment to soil particles, or their movement in groundwater, as well as the environmental and health implications, require further investigation. This paper examines the process and impact of asbestos contamination in the interconnected water, soil, and plant environmental sectors, providing a systematic review of the latest literature.
Open Access: Yes
Comparison of railway track transition curves
Publication Name: Pollack Periodica
Publication Date: 2009-12-01
Volume: 4
Issue: 3
Page Range: 99-110
Description:
There are no design parameters related to speeds exceeding 160 km/h in the effective Hungarian railway design rules. In the relevant international standard (ENV 13803) a similar speed limit is 300 km/h. This paper deals with the comparative of these regulations. Parameters of two transition curves used in Hungary and other used in Austria are determined. The importance of the new design parameters provided by ENV 13803 is assessed. It is demonstrated that the usability of the clothoide transition curves is unnecessarily restricted for the speeds v≤120 km/h in the Hungarian regulations. © 2009 Akadémiai Kiadó.
Open Access: Yes
Autonomous Vehicles and the Infrastructure of the World Trade Law
Publication Name: Future Transportation
Publication Date: 2026-04-01
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Page Range: Unknown
Description:
The development of new technologies, particularly autonomous vehicles, poses significant challenges and opportunities for international trade law. Legal frameworks must adapt to technological shifts while facilitating cross-border commerce. This paper examines the relationship between emerging technologies and the existing infrastructure of world trade law, focusing specifically on how current WTO agreements address technological developments. The analysis employs a legal doctrinal approach, examining the applicability of key WTO agreements to new technologies through the lens of technology-neutral interpretation. Departing from ‘dialectical relationship theory’ (Cottier), the research investigates the influence of new technologies on the legal infrastructure of international trade and how the latter can respond to their use and development. Current WTO frameworks demonstrate technology-neutral applicability to emerging technologies, including autonomous vehicles and related services. However, the paper identifies significant practical limitations arising from the ‘mosaic’ nature of member state commitments and varying levels of liberalization across relevant technology-related sectors. The findings suggest that, while the existing WTO infrastructure theoretically has the capacity to accommodate technological advances, realizing the full benefits of global trade in new technologies may require either the harmonized extension of WTO member-state commitments or the adoption of specific legislation to address current regulatory fragmentation.
Open Access: Yes
Batch process scheduling with eS-graph: A case study
Publication Name: Chemical Engineering Transactions
Publication Date: 2018-01-01
Volume: 70
Issue: Unknown
Page Range: 115-120
Description:
The scheduling of batch processes is a widely researched field of chemical engineering. Over the last few decades, a great number of tools have been developed for industrial examples and literature problems. These methods vary not only in their applied model, but in their representation of the problem inputs as well. The most well-known representations are the State-Task Network, the Resource-Task Network, the State Sequence Network, and the S-graph. While the latter also serves as the mathematical model for the related optimization approaches, the others only act as an intermediate model between the raw problem data and the model used for optimization, e.g., a mixed-integer linear programming model. The eS-graph model is a generalization of the S-graph, where the one-to-one relation between nodes and tasks has been relaxed, allowing a much wider range of scheduling problems to be tackled. Processes may simultaneously occupy several units, and release them at different stages of execution, and certain stages of separate processes can be forced to overlap in time. As in the case of the S-graph, the eS-graph models can be solved to optimality by specially designed combinatorial algorithms or serve as a basis for precedence based linear programming formulations. In this work, the modelling capacities of the eS-graph framework are illustrated via a Polymer production case study, where complex timing constraints are present.
Open Access: Yes
DOI: 10.3303/CET1870020
